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James Keating (cleric)
Sir James Keating (died ) was an Irish cleric and statesman of the fifteenth century. He was Prior of the Irish house of the Knights Hospitallers, which was based at Kilmainham, Dublin, and a member of the Privy Council of Ireland. Despite his political eminence and clerical office, he was a man of ruthless character and violent temper, who once tried to murder a judge, and was later directly responsible for the death of his intended replacement as Prior. After a long and turbulent career, described by one historian as amounting to "thirty years of outrage, rapine and fraud",Moore p. 210 he was finally removed from the office of Prior of Kilmainham in 1488 for his treason in supporting the Lambert Simnel Rebellion, and died in poverty a few years later.Brenan Vol. 2 p. 66 Biography He was born in Bree, County Wexford, to a prominent landowning family who are recorded in County Wexford from about 1250. He was the grandson of Sir Henry Keating, knight. Little is known of his ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleric
Clergy are formal leaders within established religions. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's doctrines and practices. Some of the terms used for individual clergy are clergyman, clergywoman, clergyperson, churchman, and cleric, while clerk in holy orders has a long history but is rarely used. In Christianity, the specific names and roles of the clergy vary by denomination and there is a wide range of formal and informal clergy positions, including deacons, elders, priests, bishops, preachers, pastors, presbyters, ministers, and the pope. In Islam, a religious leader is often known formally or informally as an imam, caliph, qadi, mufti, mullah, muezzin, or ayatollah. In the Jewish tradition, a religious leader is often a rabbi (teacher) or hazzan (cantor). Etymology The word ''cleric'' comes from the ecclesiastical Latin ''Clericus'', for those belonging ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Cornwalsh
James Cornwalsh (died 1441) was an Irish judge who held the office of Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer. He was a political figure of considerable importance in fifteenth-century Ireland, and a supporter of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond.Beresford, David "Cornwalsh, James ''Cambridge Dictionary of Irish Biography'' 2009 He was murdered as a result of a feud over the possession of Baggotrath Castle, near Dublin.Smith, J. Huband "The Castle and Manor of Baggotrath" (1856) ''Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (1836-1869)'' Vol.6 p.306 Family He was born in Ireland, the son of William Cornwalsh: as their name suggests, the Cornwalsh family had come to Ireland from Cornwall in the fourteenth century.Otway-Ruthven, A.J. ''History of Mediaeval Ireland'' Barnes and Noble 1993 p.115 The name has several alternative spellings, such as Cornwalysch and Cornwallis. He was probably descended from Sir John de Cornwall or Cornwaille, Constable of Carlow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bankrupting
Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor. Bankrupt is not the only legal status that an insolvent person may have, and the term ''bankruptcy'' is therefore not a synonym for insolvency. Etymology The word ''bankruptcy'' is derived from Italian ''banca rotta'', literally meaning "broken bank". The term is often described as having originated in renaissance Italy, where there allegedly existed the tradition of smashing a banker's bench if he defaulted on payment so that the public could see that the banker, the owner of the bench, was no longer in a condition to continue his business, although some dismiss this as a false etymology. History In Ancient Greece, bankruptcy did not exist. If a man owed and he could not pay, he and his wife, children or servants were forced into " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl Of Kildare
Thomas FitzJohn FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Kildare ( – 25 March 1477), was an Irish peer and statesman of the fifteenth century who held the office of Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Background Kildare was the son of John Fitzmaurice FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Kildare, and Margaret de la Herne. John (nicknamed "Shaun Cam" i.e. ''John the hump-backed'') succeeded to the titles and estates of his brother, Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare. John strengthened and enlarged Maynooth Castle, the principal residence of the Earls of Kildare. In 1421, the 6th Earl defeated the native Irish at Kilkea. In 1426 he restored and enlarged the stronghold of Kilkea Castle which had been sacked by the Irish. John FitzGerald died 17 October 1427, and was buried at the Augustinian Priory of All Hallows, just outside Dublin. Career Thomas was still a young man when he succeeded his father, who died in 1427. It took some years for him to defeat the rival claim to his inheritance made by James Butler, 4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Irish
Anglo-Irish people () denotes an ethnic, social and religious grouping who are mostly the descendants and successors of the English Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. They mostly belong to the Anglican Church of Ireland, which was the established church of Ireland until 1871, or to a lesser extent one of the English dissenting churches, such as the Methodist church, though some were Roman Catholics. They often defined themselves as simply "British", and less frequently "Anglo-Irish", "Irish" or "English". Many became eminent as administrators in the British Empire and as senior army and naval officers since Kingdom of England and Great Britain were in a real union with the Kingdom of Ireland until 1800, before politically uniting into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) for over a century. The term is not usually applied to Presbyterians in the province of Ulster, whose ancestry is mostly Lowland Scottish, rather than English or Irish, and who are sometimes id ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognised at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognised for the award of damages. Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary. History Among the Saxons, a monetary value called a ''weregild'' was assigned to every human being and every piece of property in the Salic Code. If property was stolen or someone was injured or killed, the guilty person had to pay the wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attempted Murder
Attempted murder is a crime of attempt in various jurisdictions. Canada Section 239 of the ''Criminal Code'' makes attempted murder punishable by a maximum of life imprisonment. If a gun is used, the minimum sentence is four, five or seven years, dependent on prior convictions and relation to organized crime. United Kingdom England and Wales In English criminal law, attempted murder is the crime of simultaneously preparing to commit an unlawful killing and having a specific intention to cause the death of a human being under the Queen's Peace. The phrase "more than merely preparatory" is specified by the Criminal Attempts Act 1981 to denote the fact that preparation for a crime by itself does not constitute an "attempted crime". In England and Wales, as an "attempt", attempted murder is an offence under section 1(1) of the Criminal Attempts Act 1981 and is an indictable offence which carries a maximum penalty of life imprisonment (the same as the mandatory sentence for murde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arraigned
Arraignment is a formal reading of a criminal charging document in the presence of the defendant, to inform them of the charges against them. In response to arraignment, the accused is expected to enter a plea. Acceptable pleas vary among jurisdictions, but they generally include "guilty", "not guilty", and the peremptory pleas, or pleas in bar, setting out reasons why a trial cannot proceed. Pleas of ''nolo contendere'' ("no contest") and the Alford plea are allowed in some circumstances. Australia In Australia, arraignment is the first of 11 stages in a criminal trial, and involves the clerk of the court reading out the indictment. The judge will testify during the indictment process. Canada In every province in Canada, except British Columbia, defendants are arraigned on the day of their trial. In British Columbia, arraignment takes place in one of the first few court appearances by the defendant or their lawyer. The defendant is asked whether they plead guilty or not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard De Wirkeley
Richard de Wirkeley (died after 1357) was an English-born cleric who was Prior of the Order of Hospitallers in Ireland and held office very briefly as Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. Little is known of his early years. De Wirkeley was a fairly common name in Yorkshire in that era; it may indicate a connection with the town of Wakefield. He had entered the Order's English house by 1353. In 1354 he was sent to Ireland as Prior of the Order's Irish house at Kilmainham. In 1356 he was chosen to replace John de Rednesse as Lord Chief Justice, who had gone to England "without the King's licence";''Calendar of Patent Rolls 30 Edward III 9 May 1356'' but King Edward III quickly changed his mind and reappointed Rednesse. Wirkeley seems to have resented his removal from office since the King issued an injunction ordering him not to meddle in the matter any further. The incident suggests that de Wirkeley was a somewhat turbulent individual. This is confirmed by an episode which occurred th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kidnapping
In criminal law, kidnapping is the unlawful confinement of a person against their will, often including transportation/asportation. The asportation and abduction element is typically but not necessarily conducted by means of force or fear: the perpetrator may use a weapon to force the victim into a vehicle, but it is still kidnapping if the victim is enticed to enter the vehicle willingly (e.g. in the belief that it is a taxicab). Kidnapping may be done to demand for ransom in exchange for releasing the victim, or for other illegal purposes. Kidnapping can be accompanied by bodily injury which elevates the crime to aggravated kidnapping. Kidnapping of a child is known as child abduction, which is a separate legal category. Motivations Kidnapping of children is usually done by one parent or others. The kidnapping of adults is often for ransom or to force someone to withdraw money from an Automated teller machine, ATM, but may also be for sexual assault. Children have also been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord Chancellor Of Ireland
The Lord High Chancellor of Ireland (commonly known as Lord Chancellor of Ireland) was the highest judicial office in Ireland until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. From 1721 to 1801, it was also the highest political office of the Irish Parliament: the Chancellor was Speaker of the Irish House of Lords. The Lord Chancellor was also Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of Ireland. In all three respects, the office mirrored the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. Origins There is a good deal of confusion as to precisely when the office originated. Until the reign of Henry III of England, it is doubtful if the offices of Irish and English Chancellor were distinct. Only in 1232 is there a clear reference to a separate Court of Chancery (Ireland). Early Irish Lord Chancellors, beginning with Stephen Ridell in 1186, were simply the English Chancellor acting through a Deputy. In about 1244 the decision was taken that there must be separate holders of the office in England ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Welles
Sir William Welles (1409/10 – 1461) was an English-born statesman and judge in fifteenth-century Ireland, who held the office of Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He was the younger brother of Lionel de Welles, 6th Baron Welles. Lionel was a prominent supporter of the House of Lancaster, who was killed at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461. Background William was born in about 1409 or 1410, the second son of Eudo de Welles and Maud de Greystoke. His paternal grandparents were John de Welles, 5th Baron Welles and Eleanor de Mowbray. Eudo died before his father, and William's brother Lionel succeeded his grandfather as the sixth baron in 1421. Career Lionel was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland about 1438, and William accompanied him to Ireland, where he acted as his brother's deputy; he was appointed Deputy Lord Chancellor in 1454 and Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1461. Unlike his brother he does not seem to have been particularly active on behalf of Henry VI, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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