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James Greeno
James G. Greeno (May 1, 1935 – September 8, 2020) was an American experimental psychologist and learning scientist whose research focused on learning and problem solving with conceptual understanding, using scientific concepts and methods of association theory, computational cognitive modeling, and discourse analysis. Education Greeno earned a PhD. in psychology from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, in 1961. While a student at the University of Minnesota, Greeno also studied philosophy with Herbert Feigl, May Brodbeck, Wilfred Sellars, Alan Donagan and D. B. Terrell. During that time he developed a strong interest in philosophy, which he retained throughout his life. Career In 1961 Greeno was hired by the psychology department at Indiana University. There he worked with Frank Restle, William Kaye Estes, and Cletus Burke. In 1968 he moved to the Department of Psychology at the University of Michigan joining Arthur Melton, Robert Bjork, David Krantz, Edwin Martin, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sioux Falls
Sioux Falls () is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota and the 130th-most populous city in the United States. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into Lincoln County to the south, which continues up to the Iowa state line. As of 2020, Sioux Falls had a population of 192,517, which was estimated in 2022 to have increased to 202,600. The Sioux Falls metro area accounts for more than 30% of the state's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in the rolling hills at the junction of interstates 29 and 90. History The history of Sioux Falls revolves around the cascades of the Big Sioux River. The falls were created about 14,000 years ago during the last ice age. The lure of the falls has been a powerful influence. Ho-Chunk, Ioway, Otoe, Missouri, Omaha (and Ponca at the time), Quapaw, Kansa, Osage, Arikira, Dakota, and Cheyenne people inhabited and settled the region previous to Europeans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Situated Cognition
Situated cognition is a theory that posits that knowing is inseparable from doing by arguing that all knowledge is situated in activity bound to social, cultural and physical contexts. Under this assumption, which requires an epistemological shift from empiricism, situativity theorists suggest a model of knowledge and learning that requires thinking on the fly rather than the storage and retrieval of conceptual knowledge. In essence, cognition cannot be separated from the context. Instead knowing exists, ''in situ'', inseparable from context, activity, people, culture, and language. Therefore, learning is seen in terms of an individual's increasingly effective performance across situations rather than in terms of an accumulation of knowledge, since what is known is co-determined by the agent and the context. History While situated cognition gained recognition in the field of educational psychology in the late twentieth century,Brown, Collins, & Duguid, 1989 it shares many principl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Kearns
David Todd Kearns (August 11, 1930February 25, 2011) was an American businessman who was CEO of Xerox Corporation (1982–1990) and served as the first United States Deputy Secretary of Education from 1991 to 1993. Early life and education Kearns was born and raised in Rochester, New York where he met his future wife, Shirley Virginia Cox. He earned Bachelor of Business Administration from the University of Rochester in 1952, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon. Career Kearns entered United States Navy flight school and was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea aboard the USS ''Coral Sea'' as an airman. Starting in 1954, Kearns worked at IBM. Xerox Corporation In 1971, Kearns joined Xerox Corporation as Vice President. He also served as head of U.S./Marketing and Service at Xerox in Rochester, New York and later as vice president of foreign markets in Stamford, Connecticut. In 1977, he became Xerox president and CEO. In 1985, Kearns succeeded Charles Peter McColough ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Seely Brown
John Seely Brown (born 1940), also known as "JSB", is an American researcher who specializes in organizational studies with a particular bend towards the organizational implications of computer-supported activities. Brown served as Director of Xerox PARC from 1990 to 2000 and as Chief Scientist at Xerox from 1992 to 2002; during this time the company played a leading role in the development of numerous influential computer technologies. Brown is the co-author of ''The Social Life of Information,'' a 2000 book which analyzes the adoption of information technologies. Early life John Seely Brown was born in 1940 in Utica, New York. Brown graduated from Brown University in 1962 with degrees in physics and mathematics. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in computer and communication sciences in 1970. Career His research interests include the management of radical innovation, digital culture, ubiquitous computing, autonomous computing and organizational learning. JSB i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrea DiSessa
Andrea diSessa (born June 3, 1947) is an education researcher and author of the book ''Turtle Geometry'' about Logo. He has also written highly cited research papers on the epistemology of physics, educational experimentation, and constructivist analysis of knowledge. He also created, with Hal Abelson, the Boxer Programming Environment at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Personal history DiSessa received an A.B. in physics from Princeton University in 1969 and a Ph.D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975.DiSessa's c.v. at UC Berkeley. He is currently Evelyn Lois Corey Professor of Education at the University of California, Berkeley< ...
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Alan Schoenfeld
Alan Henry Schoenfeld (born July 9, 1947) is an American mathematics education researcher and designer. He is the Elizabeth and Edward Conner Professor of Education and Affiliated Professor of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. Education and career Schoenfeld was raised in New York City, studying at Queens College (BA 1968) before moving to Stanford University in order to research in pure mathematics (MS 1969, Ph.D 1973 on topology and measure theory). During his graduate studies he became increasingly interested in the teaching and learning of mathematics, particularly of non-routine problem solving. He taught at University of California, Davis (1973–5), University of california, Berkeley (1975–78), Hamilton College (1978–81) and the University of Rochester (1981–1985) before moving back to Berkeley where he now works. Research Schoenfeld's work ranges widely across thinking, teaching, and learning in mathematics and beyond, with particular interest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wesley Salmon
Wesley Charles Salmon (August 9, 1925 – April 22, 2001) was an American philosopher of science renowned for his work on the nature of scientific explanation. He also worked on confirmation theory, trying to explicate how probability theory via inductive logic might help confirm and choose hypotheses. Yet most prominently, Salmon was a realist about causality in scientific explanation,William Bechtel, ''Discovering Cell Mechanisms: The Creation of Modern Cell Biology'' (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006)pp 24–25 although his realist explanation of causality drew ample criticism.Phil Dowe"Causal Processes" in Edward N Zalta, ed, ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Fall 2008 edn, esp §§ "Objections to Russell's theory" "Salmon's mark transmission theory"& "Objections to Salmon's mark transmission theory" Still, his books on scientific explanation itself were landmarks of the 20th century's philosophy of science, and solidified recognition of causality's imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolph Grunbaum
Adolf (also spelt Adolph or Adolphe, Adolfo and when Latinised Adolphus) is a given name used in German-speaking countries, Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Flanders, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Latin America and to a lesser extent in various Central European and East European countries with non-Germanic languages, such as Lithuanian Adolfas and Latvian Ādolfs. Adolphus can also appear as a surname, as in John Adolphus, the English historian. The female forms Adolphine and Adolpha are far more rare than the male names. The name is a compound derived from the Old High German ''Athalwolf'' (or ''Hadulf''), a composition of ''athal'', or ''adal'', meaning "noble" (or '' had(u)''-, meaning "battle, combat"), and ''wolf''. The name is cognate to the Anglo-Saxon name '' Æthelwulf'' (also Eadulf or Eadwulf). The name can also be derived from the ancient Germanic elements "Wald" meaning "power", "brightness" and wolf (Waldwulf). Due to negative associations with Adolf Hitler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Glaser
Robert Glaser (January 18, 1921 – February 4, 2012) was an American educational psychologist, who has made significant contributions to theories of learning and instruction. The key areas of his research focused on the nature of aptitudes and individual differences, the interaction of knowledge and skill in expertise, the roles of testing and technology in education, and training adapted to individual differences. Glaser has also been noted for having developed the idea of individually prescribed instruction as well as making major contributions to the theory of adaptive education. His scholarship has been recognized by several awards including the American Educational Research Association Presidential Citation Award (2003), the American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Applications of Psychology award (1987), and the E.L. Thorndike Award for Distinguished Psychological Contributions to Education (1981). He was also a Guggenheim Fellowship recipient and a member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guggenheim Fellowship
Guggenheim Fellowships are grants that have been awarded annually since by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those "who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts." Each year, the foundation issues awards in each of two separate competitions: * One open to citizens and permanent residents of the United States and Canada. * The other to citizens and permanent residents of Latin America and the Caribbean. The Latin America and Caribbean competition is currently suspended "while we examine the workings and efficacy of the program. The U.S. and Canadian competition is unaffected by this suspension." The performing arts are excluded, although composers, film directors, and choreographers are eligible. The fellowships are not open to students, only to "advanced professionals in mid-career" such as published authors. The fellows may spend the money as they see fit, as the purpose is to give fellows "b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Bjork
Robert Allen Bjork (born 1939) is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. His research focuses on human learning and memory and on the implications of the science of learning for instruction and training. He is the creator of the directed forgetting paradigm. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2022. Education and career He got his BA degree in mathematics from the University of Minnesota in 1961, and then studied psychology under William Kaye Estes, Richard C. Atkinson, Gordon H. Bower, and James Greeno at Stanford University until he graduated from it in 1966. He has served as editor of ''Memory & Cognition'' (1981–85); editor of ''Psychological Review'' (1995–2000); co-editor of ''Psychological Science in the Public Interest'' (1998–2004), and chair of a National Research Council Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance (1988–94). His positions of leadership include pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Melton
Arthur Weever Melton (August 13, 1906 – November 5, 1978) was an American experimental psychologist, researcher, and professor.Pachella, R. G. (2014). Creating the Modern Michigan Psychology Department: The Chairmanship of Donald Marquis, 1945-1957. He served as the editor of the ''Journal of Experimental Psychology'' for twelve years. Background Arthur "Art" Weever Melton was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas on August 13, 1906. At 18 years old, he began undergraduate studies in Psychology at Washington University in St. Louis where he worked with John A. McGeoch, a functionalist, who performed studies exploring how the distribution of practice, rest, and interpolated learning affects the formation and loss of association. Melton received a BA in psychology in 1928. He went on to graduate school at Yale University under the mentorship of Edward S. Robinson, another functionalist, whose research focused on verbal learning. Melton obtained his PhD in experimental psychology.in 193 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
