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Jamal Al-Din Al-Watwat
Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Yaḥyā al-Kutubi ( ar, جمال الدين، محمد بن إبراهيم بن يحيى بن علي المروي الأنصاري، الوراق الكتبي), known as al-Waṭwāṭ (, 'the bat', 632-718 AH/1235-1318 CE) was a scholar and bookseller; he was born and died in Cairo. Works and editions Al-Waṭwāṭ's works include: * (''Mabāhij al-fikar wa manāhij al-ʿibar'', 'Delightful Concepts and the Path to Precepts'). The fourth section on this work was the first original Arabic work on agriculture since Ibn Wahshiyya ( ar, ابن وحشية), died , was a Nabataean (Aramaic-speaking, rural Iraqi) agriculturalist, toxicologist, and alchemist born in Qussīn, near Kufa in Iraq. He is the author of the '' Nabataean Agriculture'' (), an influential Arabic work ...'s tenth-century '' Kitāb al-Filāḥa al-Nabaṭiyya'', of which al-Waṭwāṭ made extensive use.Toufic Fahd, 'Botany and Agriculture', in ''Encyclopedia of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'alim
In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam, including Islamic doctrine and law. By longstanding tradition, ulama are educated in religious institutions ''(madrasas)''. The Quran and sunnah (authentic hadith) are the scriptural sources of traditional Islamic law. Traditional way of education Students do not associate themselves with a specific educational institution, but rather seek to join renowned teachers. By tradition, a scholar who has completed his studies is approved by his teacher. At the teacher's individual discretion, the student is given the permission for teaching and for the issuing of legal opinions ''(fatwa)''. The official approval is known as the '' ijazat at-tadris wa 'l-ifta'' ("license to teach and issue legal opinions"). Through time, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Wahshiyya
( ar, ابن وحشية), died , was a Nabataean (Aramaic-speaking, rural Iraqi) agriculturalist, toxicologist, and alchemist born in Qussīn, near Kufa in Iraq. He is the author of the ''Nabataean Agriculture'' (), an influential Arabic work on agriculture, astrology, and magic. Already by the end of the tenth century, various works were being falsely attributed to him. One of these spurious writings, the ("The Book of the Desire of the Maddened Lover for the Knowledge of Secret Scripts", perhaps ), is notable as an early proposal that some Egyptian hieroglyphs could be read phonetically, rather than only logographically. Name His full name was . Just like the semi-legendary Jabir ibn Hayyan, he carried the despite the fact that he is not known to have engaged in or to have written anything about Sufism. The is a variant of ( 'Chaldaean'), a term referring to the native inhabitants of Mesopotamia that was also used in Greek, but (given the known -shd-/-ld- variation in B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitāb Al-Filāḥa Al-Nabaṭiyya
''The Nabataean Agriculture'' (), also written ''The Nabatean Agriculture'', is a 10th-century text on agronomy by Ibn Wahshiyya (died ), from Qussīn in present-day Iraq. It contains information on plants and agriculture, as well as on magic and astrology. It was frequently cited by later Arabic writers on these topics. ''The Nabataean Agriculture'' was the first book written in Arabic about agriculture, and the most influential. Ibn Wahshiyya claimed that he translated it from a 20,000-year-old Mesopotamian text. Though some doubts remain, modern scholars believe that the work may be translated from a Syriac original of the 5th or 6th century AD. In any case, it is clear that the work is ultimately based on Greek and Latin agricultural writings, heavily supplemented with local material. The work consists of some 1500 manuscript pages, principally concerned with agriculture but also containing lengthy digressions on religion, philosophy, magic, astrology, and folklore. Some of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1225 Births
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1318 Deaths
Year 1318 ( MCCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March – King Birger of Sweden is deposed, and forced to flee to Denmark (alternative date is April). * April 1 – Berwick-upon-Tweed is retaken by the Scottish from the English. * April – The inhabitants of Benevento, Italy rise against the Pope, and demand some political autonomy. The rebellion is crushed by William of Frejus, and the archbishop of Naples. * May 11 – Battle of Dysert O'Dea: The Irish armies of Conor O'Dea defeat the Hiberno-Normans under Richard de Clare. * June 27 – Mats Kettilmundsson is appointed regent (''rikshövitsman'') of Sweden, in the absence of a Swedish king. * October 14 – Battle of Faughart: A Hiberno-Norman force defeats a Scots-Irish army commanded by Edward Bruce (who is killed in the battle), ending the Bruce campaign in Ireland. Date unknown * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th-century Arabic Writers
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 ( MCCI) through December 31, 1300 ( MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258), the destruction of the House of Wisdom and the weakening of the Mamluks and Rums which, according to historians, caused the decline of the Islamic Golden Age. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The Southern Song dynasty would begin the century as a prosperous kingdom but would eventually be invaded and annexed into the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols. The Kamakura Shogunate of Japan would be invaded by the Mongols. Goryeo resiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Arabic Writers
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 ( MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
