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Jalal Al-Din Mahmud
Jalal al-Din Mahmud (died 1352) was the Mihrabanid malik of Sistan from 1350 until his death. He was the son of Rukn al-Din Mahmud. Biography Jalal al-Din came to power as the result of a conspiracy that unseated the malik Taj al-Din ibn Qutb al-Din Taj al-Din (died 1351) was the Mihrabanid malik of Sistan from 1346 until 1350. He was the son of Qutb al-Din Muhammad. Under his father, Taj al-Din had served as the governor of the town of Uq. After Qutb al-Din's death in 1346 he gained control ... in 1350. As Taj al-Din fled Sistan, Jalal al-Din was enthroned in his place. Almost immediately after his ascension the conspirators began disagreeing with themselves, leading to infighting. After two years Jalal al-Din was killed at Taq. He was succeeded as malik by 'Izz al-Din. References *Bosworth, C.E. ''The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3)''. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994. 1352 deaths Mihrabanids Year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihrabanid
The Mihrabanid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty that ruled Sistan (or Nimruz) from 1236 until the mid-16th century. It was the third indigenous Muslim dynasty of Sistan, having been preceded by the Saffarid and Nasrid dynasties. Overview Most of what is known about the Mihrabanids comes from two sources. The first, the ''Tarikh-i Sistan'', was completed in the mid-14th century by an unknown chronologist and covers the first hundred years of the dynasty's history. The other, the ''Ihya' al-muluk'', was written by the 17th century author Malik Shah Husayn ibn Malik Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad and covers the entire history of the Mihrabanids' rule of Sistan. The Mihrabanids used the title of malik during their rule of Sistan. A malik could inherit the throne or be appointed by the nobles and military commanders. Their capital was generally the city of Shahr-i Sistan. Outside of the capital, the Mihrabanids frequently had problems asserting their authority over the outer towns of the provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malik
Malik, Mallik, Melik, Malka, Malek, Maleek, Malick, Mallick, or Melekh ( phn, 𐤌𐤋𐤊; ar, ملك; he, מֶלֶךְ) is the Semitic term translating to "king", recorded in East Semitic and Arabic, and as mlk in Northwest Semitic during the Late Bronze Age (e.g. Aramaic, Canaanite, Hebrew). Although the early forms of the name were to be found among the pre-Arab and pre-Islamic Semites of the Levant, Canaan, and Mesopotamia, it has since been adopted in various other, mainly but not exclusively Islamized or Arabized non-Semitic Asian languages for their ruling princes and to render kings elsewhere. It is also sometimes used in derived meanings. The female version of Malik is Malikah ( ar, ملكة; or its various spellings such as Malekeh or Melike), meaning "queen". The name Malik was originally found among various pre-Arab and non-Muslim Semitic peoples such as the indigenous ethnic Assyrians of Iraq, Amorites, Jews, Arameans, Mandeans, Syriacs, and pre-Islami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sistan
Sistān ( fa, سیستان), known in ancient times as Sakastān ( fa, سَكاستان, "the land of the Saka"), is a historical and geographical region in present-day Eastern Iran ( Sistan and Baluchestan Province) and Southern Afghanistan (Nimruz, Helmand, Kandahar). Largely desert, the region is bisected by the Helmand River, the largest river in Afghanistan, which empties into the Hamun Lake that forms part of the border between the two countries. Etymology Sistan derives its name from ''Sakastan'' ("the land of the Saka"). The Sakas were a Scythians, Scythian tribe which from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century migrated to the Iranian Plateau and Indus valley, where they carved a kingdom known as the Indo-Scythians, Indo-Scythian Kingdom. In the Bundahishn, a Zoroastrian scripture written in Middle Persian, Pahlavi, the province is called "Seyansih". After the Muslim conquest of Persia, Arab conquest of Iran, the province became known as Sijistan/Sistan. The more ancien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rukn Al-Din Mahmud
The Five Pillars of Islam (' ; also ' "pillars of the religion") are fundamental practices in Islam, considered to be obligatory acts of worship for all Muslims. They are summarized in the famous hadith of Gabriel. The Sunni and Shia agree on the basic details of the performance and practice of these acts, but the Shia do not refer to them by the same name (see Ancillaries of the Faith, for the Twelvers, and Seven pillars of Ismailism). They are: Muslim creed, prayer, charity to the poor, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and the pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able. Overview of Five Pillars of Islam The ritual obligations of Muslims are called the Five Pillars.Kamal-ud Din, Khwaja. Five Pillars of Islam. Nabu Press, 2010. They are acknowledged and practiced by Muslims throughout the world, notwithstanding their disparities. They are viewed as compulsory for individuals who genuinely wish to pursue a life like that which Muhammad led, which was a prudent and mindful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taj Al-Din Ibn Qutb Al-Din
Taj al-Din (died 1351) was the Mihrabanid malik of Sistan from 1346 until 1350. He was the son of Qutb al-Din Muhammad. Under his father, Taj al-Din had served as the governor of the town of Uq. After Qutb al-Din's death in 1346 he gained control of Sistan despite the rival claims of his first cousin once removed, Muhammad ibn Nusrat al-Din Muhammad. He was a well-intentioned but weak ruler, according to the sourcesBosworth, p. 444 In 1350 he was forced out of Shahr-i Sistan by a conspiracy, which proceeded to enthrone Jalal al-Din Mahmud in his place. Taj al-Din did not abandon hope of recovering his position. Fleeing first to Kerman, he made his way to Herat and convinced the Kartid malik Mu'izz al-Din Husayn to support his cause. An army was assembled to restore Taj al-Din, but before it could march Herat was attacked by a coalition of tribes from the Chagatai Khanate The Chagatai Khanate, or Chagatai Ulus ( xng, , translit=Čaɣatay-yin Ulus; mn, Цагаадайн у ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'Izz Al-Din Ibn Rukn Al-Din Mahmud
Izz al-Din (died September 29, 1382) was the Mihrabanid malik of Sistan from 1352 until 1380. He was the son of Rukn al-Din Mahmud. Biography Izz al-Din was appointed as malik by the notables of Sistan in 1352 after the death of Jalal al-Din Mahmud. Soon after his ascension, a conflict broke out between him and his cousin Muhammad ibn Nusrat al-Din Muhammad, who was governor of the town of Uq and commanded a large degree of support in northern Sistan. Muhammad rebuilt several fortresses and seized crown lands in his locality. Civil war quickly erupted, during which the canals and agricultural fields of Sistan were damaged and famine became a serious problem. In the midst of this war 'Izz al-Din granted refuge in 1363/1364 to Timur Barlas, who had recently been expelled from Transoxiana. In Izz al-Din's later years popular discontent began to grow against his vizier, Muhammad 'Ata'. The opposition was soon joined by Izz al-Din's son, Qutb al-Din. One day, while the malik was on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihrabanids
The Mihrabanid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty that ruled Sistan (or Nimruz) from 1236 until the mid-16th century. It was the third indigenous Muslim dynasty of Sistan, having been preceded by the Saffarid and Nasrid dynasties. Overview Most of what is known about the Mihrabanids comes from two sources. The first, the ''Tarikh-i Sistan'', was completed in the mid-14th century by an unknown chronologist and covers the first hundred years of the dynasty's history. The other, the ''Ihya' al-muluk'', was written by the 17th century author Malik Shah Husayn ibn Malik Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad and covers the entire history of the Mihrabanids' rule of Sistan. The Mihrabanids used the title of malik during their rule of Sistan. A malik could inherit the throne or be appointed by the nobles and military commanders. Their capital was generally the city of Shahr-i Sistan. Outside of the capital, the Mihrabanids frequently had problems asserting their authority over the outer towns of the provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Unknown
A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the seasonal tropics, the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar. The Gregorian calendar, or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do the Julian calendars. For the Gregorian calendar, the average length of the calendar year ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
