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JAR-FCL (Pilot License)
The JAR-FCL is the Joint Aviation Requirements Flight Crew License, an international designation of member states pilots' (and other related aviation) licenses. The ''Private Pilot License'' is abbreviated as JAR PPL. Authority The licenses are granted by each member state signatory to the international treaty establishing air law between nations. The treaty establishes the international law agreements between signatories, including agreements about certifying and passing of equipment and crew between the airspace Airspace is the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a country above its territory, including its territorial waters or, more generally, any specific three-dimensional portion of the atmosphere. It is not the same as aerospace, which is the ... of different nations. Countries are free to establish laws for operation within their boundaries. When international operations occur, the member states' local laws are expected to align with the international agreement. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilot License
Pilot licensing or certification refers to permits for operating aircraft. Flight crew licences are regulated by ICAO Annex 1 and issued by the civil aviation authority of each country. CAA’s have to establish that the holder has met a specific set of knowledge and experience before issuing the licence. The licence, with added ratings, allows a pilot to fly aircraft registered in the licence issuing state. The ICAO ''Annex 1 - Personnel Licensing'' acts as the international minimum standards for licensing, however states can deviate from these standards by notifying ICAO about the changes. This, for instance, is why there are certain differences regarding licensing between EASA in Europe and the FAA in the USA. Regulation by country In the United States, pilot certification is regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), a branch of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). A pilot is certified under the authority of Parts 61 and 141 of Title 14 of the Code of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airspace
Airspace is the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a country above its territory, including its territorial waters or, more generally, any specific three-dimensional portion of the atmosphere. It is not the same as aerospace, which is the general term for Earth's atmosphere and the outer space in its vicinity. Within the United States: * Controlled airspace exists where it is deemed necessary that air traffic control has some form of positive executive control over aircraft flying in that airspace (however, air traffic control does not necessarily control traffic operating under visual flight rules (VFR) within this airspace). Airspace may be further subdivided into a variety of areas and zones, including those where there are either restrictions on flying activities or complete prohibition of flying activities. Horizontal boundary By international law, a state "has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory", which corresponds with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilot Licensing In The United Kingdom
Pilot licensing in the United Kingdom is regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). History When the UK was part of EASA, pilots were licensed in accordance with EASA Part-FCL (Flight Crew Licensing). The UK also issued the National PPL (NPPL). When the UK left EASA after Brexit, Part-FCL was adopted into UK law as UK Part-FCL. The UK continues to issue non-Part-FCL licences as well. Categories of aircraft The categories of aircraft recognised in the UK are: *Aeroplanes *Helicopters *Airships *Sailplanes *Balloons *Gyroplanes UK Part-FCL licences are issued for a particular category of aircraft: * Aeroplanes (A) (that can including touring motor-gliders) * Helicopters (H) * Sailplanes (S) - Part-SFCL * Balloons (B) - Part-BFCL UK licences are issued for: * Light aircraft – (NPPL A) * Microlights – (NPPL M) * Gyroplanes (G) * Balloons (B) * Airships (As) The abbreviations are combined with the licence level held, for example a Commercial Pilot Licence for Ballo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilot Certification In The United States
Pilot certification in the United States is typically required for an individual to act as a pilot-in-command of an aircraft. It is regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), a branch of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT). A pilot may be certified under 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 61 or 14 CFR Part 141 (if a student at an approved part 141 school). Pilots may also be certified under 14 CFR Part 107 for commercial drone operations. An FAA-issued ''pilot certificate'' is evidence that an individual is duly authorized to exercise piloting privileges. The pilot certificate is one of several kinds of ''airman certificates'' issued by the FAA. General structure of certification A pilot is certificated to fly aircraft at one or more named ''privilege levels'' and, at each privilege level, rated to fly aircraft of specific ''categories''. Privilege levels of pilot certificates are, in order of increasing privilege: *Student Pilot: an individual who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aviation Medicine
Aviation medicine, also called flight medicine or aerospace medicine, is a preventive or occupational medicine in which the patients/subjects are pilots, aircrews, or astronauts. The specialty strives to treat or prevent conditions to which aircrews are particularly susceptible, applies medical knowledge to the human factors in aviation and is thus a critical component of aviation safety. A military practitioner of aviation medicine may be called a flight surgeon and a civilian practitioner is an aviation medical examiner. One of the biggest differences between the military and civilian flight doctors is the military flight surgeon's requirement to log flight hours. Overview Broadly defined, this subdiscipline endeavors to discover and prevent various adverse physiological responses to hostile biologic and physical stresses encountered in the aerospace environment. Problems range from life support measures for astronauts to recognizing an ear block in an infant traveling on an a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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