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JAMA (Iranian Party)
JAMA ( fa, جاما) is an Iranian political party founded in 1964. The party which was mainly active between 1979 and 1981 and a junior partner in the Cabinet of Bazargan, had been outlawed throughout much of its history due to dissenting the rule of both Pahlavi dynasty and the Islamic Republic. History JAMA, an acronym standing for 'The Liberation Movement of the People of Iran' ( fa, جنبش آزادیبخش مردم ایران, jonbeš-e āzādībaḵᵛš-e mardom-e īrān), was founded in 1964 by a number of radical members of the Party of the Iranian People who were led by Kazem Sami and Habibollah Payman. They had come to the conclusion that armed resistance is the best strategy to confront the government following the 1953 coup d'état. In summer 1965, members of the party including the two leaders were arrested which led to effective disruption of their plans. However, the organization continued to exist in small clandestine circles. In 1977, the leaders of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nezameddin Ghahari
Nezameddin Ghahari (also spelled Nezam ad-Din Qahari; fa, نظامالدین قهاری) is an Iranian physician and nationalist-religious politician affiliated with JAMA. Political career In the early 1950s, Ghahari was a friend of Ali Shariati in Mashhad and regularly attended lectures at Center for the Propagation of Islamic Truths. In summer 1951, he joined Iran Party as a result of attraction towards the Movement of God-Worshipping Socialists. Following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, he was included in the list of candidates supported by the Quintuple Coalition for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution The Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution (AFRC; fa, مجلس بررسی نهایی قانون اساسی) also known as the Assembly of Experts for Constitution ( fa, مجلس خبرگان قانون اساسی), was a constituent a ... in the Tehran Province constituency. In May 2010, he supported the trilateral Tehran Nuclear Declar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution ( fa, انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân, ), also known as the Islamic Revolution ( fa, انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and the replacement of his government with an Islamic republic under the rule of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a leader of one of the factions in the revolt. The revolution was supported by various Organizations of the Iranian Revolution, leftist and Islamist organizations. After the 1953 Iranian coup d'état, Pahlavi had aligned with the United States and the Western Bloc to rule more firmly as an authoritarian monarch. He relied heavily on support from the United States to hold on to power which he held for a further 26 years. This led to the 1963 White Revolution and the arrest and exile of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1964. Amidst massive tensions between Khomeini and the Shah, demonstrations began in Octob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Āyah
An Ayah ( ar, آية, ʾĀyah, ; ) is a "verse" in the Quran, one of the statements of varying length that make up the chapters (''surah'') of the Quran and are marked by a number. In the Quranic context the word means "evidence," "sign" or "miracle," and in Islam may refer to things other than Quranic verses, such as religious obligations (''ayat taklifiyyah'') or cosmic phenomena (''ayat takwiniyyah''). In the Quran it is referred to in several verses such as: Overview of the meaning Although meaning "verse" when using the Quran, it is doubtful whether "''ayah''" means anything other than "sign," "proof," or "remarkable event" in the Quran's text. The "signs" refer to various phenomena, ranging from the universe, its creation, the alternation between day and night, rainfall, and the life and growth of plants. Other references are to miracles or to the rewards of belief and the fate of unbelievers. For example: : "And of his signs is the creation of the heavens and earth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ervand Abrahamian
Ervand Abrahamian; hy, Երուանդ Աբրահամեան (born 1940) is an Iranian-American historian of the Middle East. He is Distinguished Professor of History at Baruch College and the Graduate Center, CUNY, Graduate Center of the City University of New York and is widely regarded as one of the leading historians of modern Iran. Early life Ervand Vahan Abrahamian was born in 1940 in Tehran to Armenians in Iran, Armenian parents. He attended three grades at the Mehr School in Tehran and was later sent off to Rugby School (1954-59), a prestigious boarding school in England. He received his BA from Oxford University in 1963. He mainly studied European history with Keith Thomas (historian), Keith Thomas. He then moved to New York City, where he studied at Columbia University and received his first MA in 1966. He received a second MA from Oxford in 1968. Abrahamian obtained a PhD from Columbia in 1969. His thesis was titled "Social Bases of Iranian Politics: The Tudeh Party, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movement Of God-Worshipping Socialists
Movement of God-Worshipping Socialists ( fa, نهضت خداپرستان سوسیالیست, Nahzat Khoda Parastan-e Sosialist) was an Iranian political party. The party was one of six original member organizations of the National Front. The party was led by Muhammed Nakhshab. The organization was founded in 1943, through the merger of two groupings, Nakhshab's circle of high school students at Dar al-Fanoun and Jalaleddin Ashtiyani's circle of about 25 students at the Faculty of Engineering at Tehran University. The organization was initially known as League of Patriotic Muslims. It combined religious sentiments, nationalism and socialist thoughts.Rāhnamā, ʻAlī. An Islamic Utopian: A Political Biography of Ali Shari'ati'. London: I.B. Tauris, 1998. p. 25 Nakhshab is credited with the first synthesis between Shi'ism and European socialism.Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran between Two Revolutions'. Princeton studies on the Near East. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Nationalist-Religious Activists Of Iran
The Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran ( fa, شورای فعالان ملی-مذهبی ایران, Showra-ye Fa'alan-e Melli Mazhabi) or The Coalition of National-Religious Forces of Iran ( fa, ائتلاف نيروهای ملی-مذهبی ایران, E'telaf-e Niruha-ye Melli-Mazhabi) is an Iranian political group, described as "nonviolent, religious semi-opposition" with a following of mainly middle class, intellectual, representatives of technical professions, students and technocrats. Platform The group shares the Freedom Movement of Iran's pro-democracy stance but favors welfare-state economics, instead of a free-market model, and holds a more critical view toward the West in their foreign policy. According to Human Rights Watch, it is a "loosely knit group of activists who favor political reform and who advocate the implementation of constitutional provisions to uphold the rule of law. The grouping, which has no formal structure, came together to contest t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalist-religious
The Religious-Nationalists (plural form in fa, ملّیمذهبیها, Melli-Mazhabi ha, lit=The Nationalist-Religious Ones) or the National-Religious ( fa, ملّیمذهبی, Melli-Mazhabi as an adjective) are terms referring to a political faction in Iran that consists of individuals and groups embracing Iranian-Islamic nationalism, as an integral part of their manifesto. They self-identify as political followers of Mohammad Mosaddegh and their modernist religious outlook makes them advocates of coexistence of Islam and democracy, an idea distinguishable from those of ideologies such as Pan-Islamism or Islamism. The political lineage of this faction is traced back to the 1940s while its adherents have been off power with the exception of a brief period after the Iranian Revolution in 1979, during which the Interim Government of Iran was led by Mehdi Bazargan. Having opposed the rule of both Pahlavi dynasty and the current Islamic Republic system, they have for long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Legislative Election, 1980 (Tehran, Rey And Shemiranat)
This is an overview of the 1980 Iranian legislative election in Tehran, Rey and Shemiranat electoral district. It resulted in a victory for Fakhreddin Hejazi of the Islamic Republican Party The Islamic Republican Party (IRP; fa, حزب جمهوری اسلامی, Ḥezb-e Jomhūrī-e Eslāmī, also translated Islamic Republic Party) formed in 1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini establish theocracy in Iran. .... Results First round References {{Elections in Tehran Parliamentary elections in Tehran 1980s in Tehran 1980 elections in Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 Iranian Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 13 March 1980, with a second round on 9 May. They were the first elections to the Majlis since the overthrow of the Shah, and were contested to a considerable degree on a party basis. It resulted in a victory for the Islamic Republican Party, which won 85 of the 270 seats, whilst its allies won a further 45. The party, joined by smaller Islamist groups in the Grand coalition was a highly organized force and put up candidates in most constituencies and dominated the campaigns, especially in the provinces. President Abolhassan Banisadr and his followers, presented dozens of candidates in Tehran and provinces under the list Office for the Cooperation of the People with the President. The Freedom Movement of Iran which failed to organize effectively, fielded at most only 40 candidates under the banner of Eponym Group and won about 20 seats. Among National Front candidates, four won the election but their credentials was rejected on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 Iranian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held for the first time in Iran on 25 January 1980, one year after the Iranian Revolution when the Council of the Islamic Revolution was in power. Abolhassan Banisadr was elected president with 76% of the vote. Candidates The number of the candidates registered to run for the presidency was 124, but only 96 of them were allowed to run. There were only 8 candidates with ballot access and the rest of candidates were write-in. Candidates with ballot access ;Party nominees * Hassan Habibi (Islamic Republican Party) * Dariush Forouhar ( Nation Party) * Kazem Sami (JAMA) ;Non-partisan candidates * Abolhassan Banisadr * Ahmad Madani ( National Front member) * Sadeq Tabatabaei ( Freedom Movement member) * Sadegh Ghotbzadeh ( Freedom Movement member) * Mohammad Mokri ( National Front member) Withdrew * Hassan Ayat (Independent; Islamic Republican Party member), endorsed Jalaleddin Farsi * Jalaleddin Farsi (Islamic Republican Party nominee), ineligible ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assembly For The Final Review Of The Constitution
The Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution (AFRC; fa, مجلس بررسی نهایی قانون اساسی) also known as the Assembly of Experts for Constitution ( fa, مجلس خبرگان قانون اساسی), was a constituent assembly in Iran that was convened in 1979 to condense and ratify the Draft document, draft prepared beforehand for the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It was mandated by the Council of the Islamic Revolution after the March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum, March 1979 referendum for regime change, and composed of 73 seats including four Reserved political positions, reserved for ethnoreligious minorities and the rest representing Provinces of Iran, provincial constituencies on a basis of population. The 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election, elections to the assembly were held by the Interim Government of Iran in August 1979, which resulted in a landslide victory for the Islamist disciples of Ruhollah Khomei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehdi Bazargan
Mehdi Bazargan ( fa, مهدی بازرگان; 1 September 1907 – 20 January 1995) was an Iranian scholar, academic, long-time pro-democracy activist and head of Iran's interim government. He was appointed prime minister in February 1979 by Ayatollah Khomeini, making him Iran's first prime minister after the Iranian Revolution of 1979. He resigned his position in November of the same year, in protest at the US Embassy takeover and as an acknowledgement of his government's failure in preventing it. He was the head of the first engineering department of University of Tehran. Early life and education Bazargan was born into an Azerbaijani family in Tehran on 1 September 1907. His father, Hajj Abbasqoli Tabrizi (died 1954) was a self-made merchant and a religious activist in '' bazaar'' guilds. Bazargan went to France to receive university education through an Iranian government scholarship during the reign of Reza Shah. He attended Lycée Georges Clemenceau in Nantes and was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
