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Ivan Mažuranić
Ivan Mažuranić (; 11 August 1814 – 4 August 1890) was a Croatian poet, linguist, lawyer and politician who is considered to be one of the most important figures in Croatia's political and cultural life in the mid-19th century. Mažuranić served as Ban of Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia between 1873 and 1880, and since he was the first ban not to hail from old nobility, he was known as ''Ban pučanin'' (Ban commoner). His realistic assessment of strengths and weaknesses of Croatia's position between Austrian bureaucracy and Hungarian expansionist nationalism proved invaluable to his home country during the wider political turmoil in mid and late 19th century Europe. Mažuranić is best remembered for his contributions to the development of the Croatian law system, economics, linguistics, and poetry. Life and education Ivan Mažuranić was born on 11 August 1814 as the third of four sons into a well-to-do yeoman family of Ivan Mažuranić Petrov in Novi Vinodolski in northern c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ban Of Croatia
Ban of Croatia ( hr, Hrvatski ban) was the title of local rulers or office holders and after 1102, viceroys of Croatia. From the earliest periods of the Croatian state, some provinces were ruled by bans as a ruler's representative (viceroy) and supreme military commander. In the 18th century, Croatian bans eventually became the chief government officials in Croatia. They were at the head of the Ban's Government, effectively the first prime ministers of Croatia. The institution of ban persisted until the first half of the 20th century, when it was officially superseded in function by that of a parliamentary prime minister. Origin of title South Slavic ''ban'' (, with a long ), is directly attested in 10th-century Constantine Porphyrogenitus' book '' De Administrando Imperio'' as ', in a chapter dedicated to Croats and the organisation of their state, describing how their ban "has under his rule Krbava, Lika and Gacka." Bans during the Trpimirović dynasty References from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeoman
Yeoman is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of servants in an English royal or noble household. The term was first documented in mid-14th-century England. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of the yeoman longbow archer during the Hundred Years' War, and the yeoman outlaws celebrated in the Robin Hood ballads. Yeomen also joined the English Navy during the Hundred Years' War as seamen and archers. In the early 15th century, yeoman was the rank of chivalry between page and squire. By the late 17th century, yeoman became a rank in the new Royal Navy for the common seamen who were in charge of ship's stores, such as foodstuffs, gunpowder, and sails. References to the emerging social stratum of wealthy land-owning commoners began to appear after 1429. In that year, the Parliament of England re-organized the House of Commons into counties and boroughs, with voting rights granted to all freeholders. The Act of 1430 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabor
The Croatian Parliament ( hr, Hrvatski sabor) or the Sabor is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Croatia. Under the terms of the Croatian Constitution, the Sabor represents the people and is vested with legislative power. The Sabor is composed of 151 members elected to a four-year term on the basis of direct, universal and equal suffrage by secret ballot. Seats are allocated according to the Croatian Parliament electoral districts: 140 members of the parliament are elected in multi-seat constituencies. An additional three seats are reserved for the diaspora and Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while national minorities have eight places reserved in parliament. The Sabor is presided over by a Speaker, who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker (usually four or five deputies). The Sabor's powers are defined by the Constitution and they include: defining economic, legal and political relations in Croatia, preservation and use of its heritage and entering into alli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feudalism
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships that were derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour. Although it is derived from the Latin word ''feodum'' or ''feudum'' (fief), which was used during the Medieval period, the term ''feudalism'' and the system which it describes were not conceived of as a formal political system by the people who lived during the Middle Ages. The classic definition, by François Louis Ganshof (1944), François Louis Ganshof (1944). ''Qu'est-ce que la féodalité''. Translated into English by Philip Grierson as ''Feudalism'', with a foreword by F. M. Stenton, 1st ed.: New York and London, 1952; 2nd ed: 1961; 3rd ed.: 1976. describes a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations which existed am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Party (1841-1918)
The People's Party ( hr, Narodna stranka) was a political party in the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. It was founded in 1841 based on Croatian Illyrian movement. Because the movement did not distinguish Croats from other South Slavs and instead called them all ''Illyrians'', the party was named the Illyrian Party (''Ilirska stranka'') when it was formed in late 1841, and it participated in the councils of the Varaždin County and the Bjelovar-Križevci County. It was one of the two parties in the 1843 session of the Croatian Parliament. Some of its champions from this time included Janko Drašković, Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski, Josip Juraj Strossmayer and Ivan Mažuranić. July victims The July victims ( hr, Srpanjske žrtve) were members of the Croatian People's Party who fell victim to a crackdown by the Austrian Imperial Army on July 29, 1845. With the restoration of the Zagreb County, local elections were held around the Croatian capital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proleksis Encyclopedia
The ''Proleksis Encyclopedia'' ( hr, Proleksis enciklopedija) is the first Croatian general and national online encyclopedia. ''Proleksis Encyclopedia'' features more than 62,000 articles and more than 17,000 photographs, illustrations and maps. It is freely available to registered users of CARNET, the Croatian national research and education network. The users cannot change the encyclopedia's content directly, but they can post comments and corrections, or submit new articles, all subject to approval by the editorial board. The encyclopedia aims to enlarge the number of entries using input from collaborators. ''Proleksis Encyclopedia'' is a result of collaboration between CARNET and Pro Leksis d.o.o., started in February 2008, and is supported by the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports (Croatia), Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports. It was created by approximately 50 editors, headed by a 9-person editorial board. Its Editor-in-Chief is Antun Vujić. See als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ban (title)
Ban () was a noble title used in several states in Central and Southeastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century. The most common examples have been found in Croatia. Sources The first known mention of the title ''ban'' is in the 10th century by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, in the work '' De Administrando Imperio'', in the 30th and 31st chapter "Story of the province of Dalmatia" and "Of the Croats and of the country they now dwell in", dedicated to the Croats and the Croatian organisation of their medieval state. In the 30th chapter, describing in Byzantine Greek, how the Croatian state was divided into eleven (; župas), the ban (), (rules over) (Krbava), ( Lika) (and) (Gacka). In the 31st chapter, describing the military and naval force of Croatia, " Miroslav, who ruled for four years, was killed by the () (, i.e. Pribina)", and after that followed a temporary decrease in the military force of the Croatian Kingdom. In 1029, a Latin charter was publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimitrija Demeter
Dimitrios Dimitriou ( gr, Δημήτριος Δημητρίου, sometimes spelled Dimitrija Demeter or Dimitrije Demeter; 21 July 1811 – 24 June 1872) was a Greek Croatian poet, dramatist, short story writer and literary critic. One of the most learned people of his time, he played a major role in the movement for the national awakening of the Croatian nation (then under Austro-Hungarian rule) as part of what he and his close friend and colleague Ljudevit Gaj called the Illyrian people by imposing the Croatian language in the local literacy and with the creation of the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb. His political activism for a Croatian national revival dealt through his participation in many patriotic pamphlets, most notably the Narodne novine and Hrvatski Sokol among many others. Biography He was born in a wealthy merchant family of Greek origin. His parents Theodoros (') and Afrati (') came to Austria-Hungary at 1790 from the city of Siatista, then under Ottoman r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karlovac
Karlovac () is a city in central Croatia. According to the 2011 census, its population was 55,705. Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac County. The city is located on the Zagreb- Rijeka highway and railway line, south-west of Zagreb and from Rijeka. Name The city was named after its founder, Charles II, Archduke of Austria. The German name ''Karlstadt'' or ''Carlstadt'' ("Charlestown") has undergone translation into other languages: in Hungarian it is known as ''Károlyváros'', in Italian as ''Carlovizza'', in Latin as ''Carolostadium'', and in Kajkavian and Slovene as Karlovec. History The Austrians built Karlovac from scratch in 1579 in order to strengthen their southern defences against Ottoman encroachments. The establishment of a new city-fortress was a part of the deal between the Protestant nobility of Inner Austria and the archduke Charles II of Austria. In exchange for their religious freedom the nobility agreed to finance the building of a new fort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnasium (school)
''Gymnasium'' (and variations of the word) is a term in various European languages for a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university. It is comparable to the US English term '' preparatory high school''. Before the 20th century, the gymnasium system was a widespread feature of educational systems throughout many European countries. The word (), from Greek () 'naked' or 'nude', was first used in Ancient Greece, in the sense of a place for both physical and intellectual education of young men. The latter meaning of a place of intellectual education persisted in many European languages (including Albanian, Bulgarian, Estonian, Greek, German, Hungarian, the Scandinavian languages, Dutch, Polish, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovak, Slovenian and Russian), whereas in other languages, like English (''gymnasium'', ''gym'') and Spanish (''gimnasio''), the former meaning of a place for physical education was retained. School structure Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian Biographical Lexicon
''Croatian Biographical Lexicon'' ( hr, Hrvatski biografski leksikon) is a multi-volume biographical and bibliographical encyclopedia in Croatian, published by the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. It contains biographies of prominent Croats, as well as foreigners who participated in Croatian public life and have left their mark on the history of Croatia. The project was launched in the second half of the 1970s. Seven volumes have been published so far with a total of 10,218 articles (3,524 illustrations). The Editor-in-Chief of the first volume was Nikica Kolumbić, of the second volume Aleksandar Stipčević, and since 1990 the Chief Editor has been Trpimir Macan Trpimir Macan (born August 20, 1935) is a Croatian historian and lexicographer. He was born in Dubrovnik. He studied history in Zagreb and Sarajevo, where he graduated in 1959. In 1971 he received his Ph.D. in Zagreb with a thesis ''Life and work .... Many of the biographies in the Lexicon have been researc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rijeka
Rijeka ( , , ; also known as Fiume hu, Fiume, it, Fiume ; local Chakavian: ''Reka''; german: Sankt Veit am Flaum; sl, Reka) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and in 2021 had a population of 108,622 inhabitants. Historically, because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water port, the city was fiercely contested, especially between the Holy Roman Empire, Italy and Croatia, changing rulers and demographics many times over centuries. According to the 2011 census data, the majority of its citizens are Croats, along with small numbers of Serbs, Bosniaks and Italians. Rijeka is the main city and county seat of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The city's economy largely depends on shipbuilding (shipyards "3. Maj" and "Viktor Lenac Shipyard") and maritime transport. Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre Ivan pl. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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