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Isothrix
The toros or brush-tailed rats, genus ''Isothrix'', are a group of spiny rats found in tropical South America, particularly in the Amazon Basin.Nowak, Ronald M. 1999. ''Walker's Mammals of the World'', 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp. Description Toros look like large rats with soft fur on the body and long guard hairs on the scaly tail.Emmons, L.H. 2005. A Revision of the Genera of Arboreal Echimyidae (Rodentia: Echimyidae, Echimyinae), With Descriptions of Two New Genera. pp. 247–310 in Lacey, E.A. & Myers, P. 2005. Mammalian Diversification: From Chromosomes to Phylogeography (A Celebration of the Career of James L. Patton). University of California Publications in Zoology. Head and body is 18-27.5 cm and tail is 17–30 cm. Weight is 320-570 grams. Natural history These animals appear to be arboreal, based on the shape of their hind feet. They are thought to spend the day in holes in the ground near trees. Systematics The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothrix
The toros or brush-tailed rats, genus ''Isothrix'', are a group of spiny rats found in tropical South America, particularly in the Amazon Basin.Nowak, Ronald M. 1999. ''Walker's Mammals of the World'', 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp. Description Toros look like large rats with soft fur on the body and long guard hairs on the scaly tail.Emmons, L.H. 2005. A Revision of the Genera of Arboreal Echimyidae (Rodentia: Echimyidae, Echimyinae), With Descriptions of Two New Genera. pp. 247–310 in Lacey, E.A. & Myers, P. 2005. Mammalian Diversification: From Chromosomes to Phylogeography (A Celebration of the Career of James L. Patton). University of California Publications in Zoology. Head and body is 18-27.5 cm and tail is 17–30 cm. Weight is 320-570 grams. Natural history These animals appear to be arboreal, based on the shape of their hind feet. They are thought to spend the day in holes in the ground near trees. Systematics The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothrix Bistriata
The yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (''Isothrix bistriata'') is a South American species of brush-tailed rat in the family Echimyidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. They are nocturnal and arboreal animals found in lowland evergreen rainforest, probably restricted to igapó Igapó (, from Old Tupi: "root forest") is a word used in Brazil for blackwater-flooded forests in the Amazon biome. These forests and similar swamp forests are seasonally inundated with freshwater. They typically occur along the lower reaches of ... and várzea habitats. Sometimes they can be seen at the entrances of their dens, which are often in tree holes (especially hollow palms) on the borders of rivers. References Isothrix Mammals of Bolivia Mammals of Brazil Mammals of Colombia Mammals of Ecuador Mammals of Peru Mammals of Venezuela Mammals described in 1845 {{Echimyidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothrix Sinnamariensis
The Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (''Isothrix sinnamariensis''), is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae. It is found in French Guiana, Guyana, and possibly Suriname Suriname (; srn, Sranankondre or ), officially the Republic of Suriname ( nl, Republiek Suriname , srn, Ripolik fu Sranan), is a country on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north .... Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. References Isothrix Mammals described in 1996 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Echimyidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothrix Negrensis
The Rio Negro brush-tailed rat or dark brush-tailed tree rat (''Isothrix negrensis''), is a spiny rat species found in Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area .... References Isothrix Mammals described in 1920 Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas {{Echimyidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothrix Pagurus
The Plain brush-tailed rat (''Isothrix pagurus'') is a spiny rat species found in Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area .... References Isothrix Mammals described in 1845 {{Echimyidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothrix Barbarabrownae
''Isothrix barbarabrownae'' is a recently discovered species of rodents of the spiny rat family Echimyidae. Discovery It was discovered in Peru, and is about the same size as a large squirrel, such as a Eurasian red squirrel. It is brown, with a black-and-white tail. It inhabits the Peruvian cloud forest, where it forages for fruit and nuts. It is a nocturnal, climbing rodent which was collected by scientists in 1999, and formally described in 2006. It is named after the biologist and curator, Barbara Elaine Russell Brown Barbara Elaine Russell Brown (February 14, 1929 - January 7, 2019) was an American biologist and philanthropist. Personal life Brown was born Barbara Russell, on 14 February 1929 in Chicago; her parents were Jewish immigrants from Romania and .... References Isothrix Mammals of Peru Mammals described in 2006 {{Echimyidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echimyini
Echimyini is a tribe of echimyid rodents, proposed in 2016, and containing 13 extant genera: all of the tree rats ''Echimys'', ''Phyllomys'', '' Makalata'', ''Pattonomys'', '' Toromys'', ''Diplomys'', ''Santamartamys'', and ''Isothrix'', the long recognized dactylomines ''Dactylomys'', ''Olallamys'', and '' Kannabateomys'', and the enigmatic and previously classified as eumysopines '' Lonchothrix'' and ''Mesomys''. All these spiny rats genera are arboreal. Worth of note, the arboreal genus ''Callistomys'' – the painted-tree rat – does not belong to the tribe Echimyini. Because it is phylogenetically closer to ''Myocastor'', ''Hoplomys'', ''Proechimys'', and ''Thrichomys'' than to the above-mentioned Echimyini genera, it is classified in the tribe Myocastorini. Phylogeny Five assemblages can be distinguished in the genus-level cladogram of Echimyini: * ''Echimys'' is closely related to ''Phyllomys'', ''Makalata'', ''Pattonomys'' and ''Toromys''. This clade is in accordance w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callistomys Pictus
The painted tree-rat (''Callistomys pictus'') is a species of spiny rat from Brazil, restricted to north-eastern Bahia in eastern Brazil. It is the only species in the genus ''Callistomys''. Identification With a total length of ca. 30 cm (12 in), it is a relatively large species of spiny rat. It is white with a strongly contrasting glossy-black cap, back and band down towards its forelimbs. Its long fur is dense and coarse, but not spiny, as in some other members of its family. Specimens often have brown (rather than black) markings, but as far as it is known this is caused by fading and does not occur in the living animals. Owing to its striking black-and-white pelage, it is virtually unmistakable, but could perhaps be confused with a hairy dwarf porcupine ('' Coendou spp.'') – all of which have spines and lack the distinctive pattern of the painted tree-rat. Etymology * The genus name ''Callistomys'' derives from the two ancient greek words () meaning "very beau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echimyidae
Echimyidae is the family of neotropical spiny rats and their fossil relatives. This is the most species-rich family of hystricognath rodents. It is probably also the most ecologically diverse, with members ranging from fully arboreal to terrestrial to fossorial to semiaquatic habits. They presently exist mainly in South America; three members of the family also range into Central America, and the hutias are found in the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean. Species of the extinct subfamily Heteropsomyinae formerly lived on Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico in the Antilles, probably until the arrival of Europeans. Characteristics In general form, most spiny rats resemble rats, although they are more closely related to guinea pigs and chinchillas. Most species have stiff, pointed hairs, or spines, that presumably serve for protection from predators. Many echimyids can break off their tails when attacked. This action may confuse predators long enough for the spiny rat to es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echimyinae
Echimyinae is a subfamily of rodents belonging to the spiny rats family Echimyidae. It contains 14 arboreal genera—all the members of the tribe Echimyini, plus ''Callistomys''—a few terrestrial genera (''Thrichomys'', ''Hoplomys'', and ''Proechimys''), and a subaquatic genus (''Myocastor''). Systematics The taxonomic content of Echimyinae has been reshaped over time, because of two realizations. The first is a better understanding of the evolution of morphological characters, leading to the recognition that key character states long used to group genera into higher units were demonstrably homoplastic. The second came from the a phylogenetic analysis of molecular sequence data. Phylogeny The subfamily Echimyinae groups most of the spiny rat family's generic diversity into two tribes: Echimyini and Myocastorini Myocastorini is a tribe of echimyid rodents, proposed in 2017, and containing the five extant genera '' Callistomys'', '' Hoplomys'', '' Myocastor'', ''Proechim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echimyidae Phylogeny
Echimyidae is the family of neotropical spiny rats and their fossil relatives. This is the most species-rich family of hystricognath rodents. It is probably also the most ecologically diverse, with members ranging from fully arboreal to terrestrial to fossorial to semiaquatic habits. They presently exist mainly in South America; three members of the family also range into Central America, and the hutias are found in the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean. Species of the extinct subfamily Heteropsomyinae formerly lived on Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico in the Antilles, probably until the arrival of Europeans. Characteristics In general form, most spiny rats resemble rats, although they are more closely related to guinea pigs and chinchillas. Most species have stiff, pointed hairs, or spines, that presumably serve for protection from predators. Many echimyids can break off their tails when attacked. This action may confuse predators long enough for the spiny rat to esc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleistocene
The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in 2009 by the International Union of Geological Sciences, the cutoff of the Pleistocene and the preceding Pliocene was regarded as being 1.806 million years Before Present (BP). Publications from earlier years may use either definition of the period. The end of the Pleistocene corresponds with the end of the last glacial period and also with the end of the Paleolithic age used in archaeology. The name is a combination of Ancient Greek grc, label=none, πλεῖστος, pleīstos, most and grc, label=none, καινός, kainós (latinized as ), 'new'. At the end of the preceding Pliocene, the previously isolated North and South American continents were joined by the Isthmus of Panama, causing Great American Interchang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
