Ishbara Yabgu
Ishbara (Old Turkic: 𐰃𐱁𐰉𐰺𐰀; Chinese: 沙缽略 Pinyin: Shābōlüè) — a Turkic name deriving from Sanskrit ''ईश्वर'' (''Īśvara''). The name was carried by different rulers in history: * Ishbara Qaghan, East Gokturk khagan (581-587) * Ishbara Tolis, West Gokturk khagan (634-639) * Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan, West Gokturk khagan (640-641) * Ashina Wushibo, Yabgu Yabghu ( otk, 𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆, yabγu,Entrabγu">"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆_[yabγuйабғұ"in_"Ethno-Cultural_Dictionary"_''Türik_Bitig''_),_also_rendered_as_Jabgu,_Djabgu_or_Yabgu,_was_a_state_office_in_the_early_Turkic_peoples.html" ;"title="abγuй ...

Old Turkic Language
Old Turkic (also East Old Turkic, Orkhon Turkic language, Old Uyghur) is the earliest attested form of the Turkic languages, found in Göktürk and Uyghur Khaganate inscriptions dating from about the eighth to the 13th century. It is the oldest attested member of the Siberian Turkic branch of Turkic, which is extant in the modern Western Yugur language. It is not the ancestor of the Uyghur language; the contemporaneous ancestor of Uyghur is called Middle Turkic, later Chagatai or Turki. Old Turkic is attested in a number of scripts, including the Old Turkic script, the Old Uyghur alphabet (a form of the Sogdian alphabet), the Brahmi script, and the Manichaean script. Old Turkic often refers not to a single language, but collectively to the closely related and mutually intelligible stages of various Common Turkic languages spoken during the late first millennium. Sources The sources of Old Turkic are divided into two corpora: *the 8th to 10th century Orkhon inscription ...
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Chinese Language
Chinese (, especially when referring to written Chinese) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the world's population) speak a variety of Chinese as their first language. Chinese languages form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages family. The spoken varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be variants of a single language. However, their lack of mutual intelligibility means they are sometimes considered separate languages in a family. Investigation of the historical relationships among the varieties of Chinese is ongoing. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin (with about 800 million speakers, or 66%), followed by Min (75 million, e.g. Southern Min), Wu (74 million, e.g. Shangh ...
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Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese form, to learners already familiar with the Latin alphabet. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones, but pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written in the Latin script, and is also used in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters. The word ' () literally means "Han language" (i.e. Chinese language), while ' () means "spelled sounds". The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s by a group of Chinese linguists including Zhou Youguang and was based on earlier forms of romanizations of Chinese. It was published by the Chinese Government in 1958 and revised several times. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted pinyin as an international standard ...
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Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting impact on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. Sanskrit generally connotes several Old Indo-Aryan language varieties. The most archaic of these is the Vedic Sanskrit found in the Rig Veda, a colle ...
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Ishbara Qaghan
Ishbara Qaghan ( otk, 𐰃𐱁𐰉𐰺𐰀:𐰴𐰍𐰣, Ïšbara qaγan, Chinese 沙缽略可汗/沙钵略可汗, Pinyin: ''shābōlüè kěhàn'', Wade-Giles: ''sha-po-lüeh k'o-han'') or Erfu Kehan (Chinese: 爾伏可汗; Middle Chinese: ''ńźie-b'i̪uk'' < ''Ñebuk''/''Ñevuk'' or ''ńźie-b'uât'' < ''Ñebar''/''Ñevar''; Sogdian: ''nw’’r γ’γ’n''); personal name: : 阿史那攝圖/阿史那摄图, ''Āshǐnà Shètú''/''Niètú''; Wade-Giles ''A-shih-na she-t'u''/''nie-t'u'') (before 540 – 587) was the first son of

Ishbara Tolis
Ishbara Tolis was the ruler of Western Turkic Khaganate (empire) between 634–639. His full title was ''Shābōluō xìlìshī (~diélìshī) kèhán'' 沙钵罗咥利失可汗, personal name ''Ashina Tong-e'' 阿史那同俄). Reign He was Bagha Shad's son. After his elder brother Duolu Qaghan abdicated, he was enthroned in 634 in very unfavorable circumstances. He had to rely on vassal tribes which were more powerful than himself. In 635, he sent arrows to ten tribes which meant legitimatizing them as shad (prince), shads (semi independent governor princes), but he was careful to keep the delicate balance between the two rival factions by appointing five from Duolu and five from Nushibi. Thus his empire came to be known as ''Onoq'', meaning "ten arrows" (十箭).) Even this policy however, wasn't successful. A noble named Tun Tudun revolted and caused khagan to flee to Karasahr, Qarasahr with his brother Böri Shad. However, he was reinstalled to throne by Nushibi noble Esegel ...
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Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan
Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan (full title: Yǐpíshābōluóyèhùkĕhàn 乙毗沙钵罗叶护可汗, personal name: Ashina Baobu 阿史那薄布) - was a Qaghan of Nushibi faction in Western Turkic Khaganate. Reign He was a son of Genna Shad (伽那设), thus a nephew of El Kulug Shad. However, according to some sources he was a son of Ashina Tong.Old Tang Book - Turk Biographies 《旧唐书·突厥传》 He was acknowledged as khagan by Taizong. Khagan sent governors to the Tarim Basin, Tashkent, Samarkand and Bactria to assert rule. However, he was soon killed by men following orders of Yukuk Shad Yukuk Shad (r. 638–642, died 653) reigned in the final days of the Western Turkic Khaganate. His name ''Yukuk'' means "owl", according to Gumilyov, or means "venerable", according to Gabain. His full title was 乙毗咄陆可汗 or Yipi Duolu K ... in 641. References {{Göktürks 641 deaths 7th-century Turkic people Ashina house of the Turkic Empire Göktürk khagans
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Ashina Wushibo
Ashina may refer to: *Ashina tribe, a ruling dynasty of the Turkic Khaganate *Ashina clan (Japan),_one_of_the_Japanese_clans *Ashina_District,_Hiroshima.html" ;"title="DF 7 of 80; retrieved 2013-5-4 ..., one of the Japanese clans *Ashina District, Hiroshima">DF 7 of 80; retrieved 2013-5-4 ..., one of the Japanese clans *Ashina District, Hiroshima, a former Japanese district *Empress Ashina (551–582), empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou *Sei Ashina (1983–2020), Japanese actress *Main setting of ''Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice'' See also *[ sena, a mythical female wolf found in old Turkic mythology *Ashna (other) Ashna may refer to: Surname * Hesamodin Ashna, Iranian politician presidential advisor * Hossein Ashena, Iranian footballer. Given name * Ashna Zaveri, Indian actress * Ashna Roy, Indian female badminton player Places * Ashna, Khonj, a villag ...

Yabghu
Yabghu ( otk, 𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆, yabγu,Entrabγu">"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆_[yabγuйабғұ"in_"Ethno-Cultural_Dictionary"_''Türik_Bitig''_),_also_rendered_as_Jabgu,_Djabgu_or_Yabgu,_was_a_state_office_in_the_early_Turkic_peoples.html" ;"title="abγuйабғұ".html" ;"title="abγu">"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆 [yabγuйабғұ"">abγu">"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆 [yabγuйабғұ"in "Ethno-Cultural Dictionary" ''Türik Bitig'' ), also rendered as Jabgu, Djabgu or Yabgu, was a state office in the early Turkic peoples">Turkic states, roughly equivalent to viceroy. The title carried autonomy in different degrees, and its links with the central authority of Khagan varied from economical and political subordination to superficial political deference. The title had also been borne by Turkic princes in the upper Oxus region in post- Hephthalite times. The position of Yabgu was traditionally given to the second highest member of a ruling clan (Ashina), with the first member being the Kagan himself. Frequently, ...
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Tong Yabghu Qaghan
Tong Yabghu Qaghan (r. 618–628 or 630) (also known as T'ung Yabghu, Tong Yabghu Khagan, and Tong Yabğu, Traditional Chinese 統葉護可汗, Simplified Chinese: 统叶护可汗, pinyin ''Tǒng Yèhù Kěhán'', Wade-Giles: ''T'ung Yeh-hu K'o-han''; guideline, to unite, to command, to govern". Karakhanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari, writing in the 11th century, glossed ''toŋa'' in Middle Turkic as basically meaning tiger. Gerard Clauson argues against Kashgari and states that ''toŋa'' means vaguely "hero, outstanding warrior". Reign Tong Yabghu maintained close relations with the Tang Dynasty of China, and may have married into the Imperial family. The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang visited the western Göktürk capital Suyab in modern Kyrgyzstan and left a description of the khagan. Scholars believe the khagan described by Xuanzang was Tong Yabghu.Christian 260. Gao and La Vaissière argue that the khagan Xuanzang met was his son Si Yabghu, rather than Tong Yabghu.Gao 1 ...
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