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Irreligion In Finland
Irreligion in Finland: according to Statistics Finland in 2020, 29.4% of the population in Finland were non-religious, or about 1,628,000 people. The Union of Freethinkers of Finland and other organisations have acted as interest organisations, legal protection organisations and cultural organisations for non-religious people. In a 2018 international ISSP survey, 40% of the Finnish population said they did not believe in God, 34% said they believed in God and 26% did not know. Nearly one out of every five people in the country is not a member of a religious organisation, and the number of people with no religious affiliation has doubled in two decades. History In Finland, the Enlightenment mainly influenced the educated classes. In the late 19th century, Darwinism came to Finland. The secularist philosophy of materialism was represented solely by Wilhelm Bolin, a friend of Ludwig Feuerbach, who worked as a librarian at the University of Helsinki, and who had a doctorate in Spinoz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statistics Finland
Statistics Finland ( fi, Tilastokeskus, sv, Statistikcentralen) is the national statistical institution in Finland, established in 1865 to serve as an information service and to provide statistics and expertise in the statistical sciences. The institution employs more than 800 experts from varying fields. The institution is led by Director General Markus Sovala. References External links * 1865 establishments in Finland Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ... Demographics of Finland Government of Finland {{org-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eero Erkko
Eero Erkko (18 May 1860, Orimattila - 14 October 1927) was a Finland, Finnish journalist and politician. He served as minister of social affairs from 27 November 1918 to 17 April 1919, minister of transport and public works from 17 April to 15 August 1919 and Minister of Trade and Industry (Finland), Minister of Trade and Industry from 15 August 1919 to 15 March 1920. He was a member of the Diet of Finland from 1894 to 1900 and again from 1905 to 1906 and of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1919, representing the Young Finnish Party until 1918 and the National Progressive Party (Finland), National Progressive Party from 1918 to 1919. Erkko founded ''Päivälehti'' in 1889. He also edited the paper from 1890 to 1899. He was also the editor of ''Helsingin Sanomat'' (from 1908 to 1918 and again from 1920 until his death in 1927). He was the father of Eljas Erkko. He is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki. References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Erkko, Ee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Education In Primary And Secondary Education
Religious education is the term given to education concerned with religion. It may refer to education provided by a church or religious organization, for instruction in doctrine and faith, or for education in various aspects of religion, but without explicitly religious or moral aims, e.g. in a school or college. The term is often known as religious studies. England Religious Education (RE) is a compulsory subject in the state education system in England, despite it not being part of the national curriculum. Schools are required to teach a programme of religious studies according to local and national guidelines. Religious education in England is mandated by the Education Act 1944 as amended by the Education Reform Act 1988 and the School Standards and Framework Act 1998. The provision of religious education is compulsory in all state-funded schools, but it is not compulsory for any children to take the subject. The subject consists of the study of different religions, religious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Wiik
Karl Harald Wiik (13 April 1883 – 26 June 1946) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish Social Democratic (SDP) leader. Elected to parliament numerous times between 1911 and the time of his death and Secretary of the SDP for more than a decade, Wiik is remembered as one of six radical SDP members of parliament expelled from the SDP in the aftermath of the Winter War with the Soviet Union. Imprisoned during the years of World War II, Wiik was released in 1944, becoming a leader of the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL), a left wing political organization dominated by the newly legalized Communist Party of Finland (SKP). Biography Early Years Karl Harald Wiik was born 13 April 1883 in Helsinki, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland. Political activity Wiik was a Member of the Finnish Parliament representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) from 1911 to 1918, from 1922 to 1929, from 1933 to 1941 and from 1944 to his death. Revolutionary period An influential m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alma Söderhjelm
Alma Söderhjelm (10 May 1870 – 16 March 1949) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish historian and the first female professor in Finland. Academic career After gaining an M.A. in history, Söderhjelm spent three years in Paris, preparing her doctoral thesis under the supervision of Alphonse Aulard. This was a study of journalism during the French Revolution and it was published as ''Le Régime de la presse pendant la Révolution française''. She was awarded a doctorate in 1900. On the basis of this thesis, the university unanimously proposed to award her a lectureship. This appointment was delayed until 1906, because of political concern over her father and her brother. The Emperor was also concerned that if a woman became a lecturer in Finland, the same demand would be made in Russia. In 1906, she finally became the first female lecturer in Finland. She stayed in this position until 1927. At this point, she became chair of General History at Åbo Akademi University, and thus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hjalmar Magnus Eklund
Hjalmar Magnus Eklund (12 January 1880 in Turku – 10 June 1937 in Pargas) was the first Finnish expert in mathematical logic and philosophy and also a pioneer in the Ido language. Life and career Eklund was born in Turku in 1880, the son of a sea captain. He was very talented in many areas. He studied mathematics, physics and philosophy at the University of Helsinki, and graduated MA in 1903. He focused on set theory, and became the first Finnish expert in logic, which was then a new area. In 1906, he worked at the linguistic department of the university where he became interested in languages. From 1906 to 1918, Eklund worked as a teacher in different high schools in Turku and Pori. Around the same time he continued his studies and graduated with a master's degree in philosophy in 1911. He also studied in Germany in 1909 and 1910 in Göttingen, mathematics, philosophy in Leipzig in 1913 and 1914 again philosophy in Göttingen. His most important works of that time were “Russe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafael Karsten
Sigfrid Rafael Karsten (16 August 1879 — 21 February 1956) was a Finnish social anthropologist and philosopher of religion, known especially for his work among the indigenous people of Southern America. Career Rafael Karsten was born in Kvevlax, Grand Duchy of Finland, to a very religious family, and his native language was Swedish. He studied philosophy at the University of Helsinki in 1899–1902 and had his first job at the British Museum. A student of Edvard Westermarck, Karsten was critical of theological explanations of religions. He was a critic of Christianity and state religion, and a proponent of freedom of religion. Karsten defended his doctoral thesis, ''The Origin of Worship: A Study in Primitive Religion'', in 1905 at the University of Helsinki. He was a member of the Prometheus Society, a student society promoting freedom of thought and freedom of religion. In total, Karsten travelled six times in Southern America and studied the indigenous people and their reli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Thought
Freedom of thought (also called freedom of conscience) is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, independent of others' viewpoints. Overview Every person attempts to have a cognitive proficiency by developing knowledge, concepts, theories and assessing them in the given environment. This cognitive proficiency gives a sense of contentment and replaces the feeling of helplessness. Apart from bringing ease to the ego of a person, new knowledge and ideas also bring a hope for the future. Freedom of thought is the precursor and progenitor of—and thus is closely linked to—other liberties, including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of expression. Though freedom of thought is axiomatic for many other freedoms, they are in no way required for it to operate and exist. The conception of a freedom or a right does not guarantee its inclusion, legality, or protection via a philosophical caveat. It is a very important concep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prometheus Society (student Society)
The Prometheus Society (, ) was a Finnish student society at the University of Helsinki from 1905 to 1914, whose main purpose was to promote religious freedom. Views Its program included the abolition of compulsory baptism, confirmation and Eucharist, communion, the abolition of compulsory religious oaths, the abolition of compulsory religious education in schools, the introduction of civil marriage and the introduction of the right to leave the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, state church without the obligation to join another religious denomination at the same time, as well as the separation of church and state. The society was an early expression of the anti-clericalism that existed among Swedish-speaking population of Finland, Finnish-Swedish intellectuals. Most of the reforms promoted by the society were achieved during the first few years of Finland's independence. Members The chairman of the Prometheus Society, who came under fierce attack from church circles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party Of Finland
The Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, fi, Suomen sosialidemokraattinen puolue ; sv, Finlands socialdemokratiska parti), shortened to the Social Democrats ( fi, link=no, Sosiaalidemokraatit; sv, link=no, Socialdemokrater) and commonly known in Finnish as Demarit ( sv, link=no, Socialdemokraterna), is a social-democratic political party in Finland. It is currently the largest party in the Parliament of Finland with 40 seats. Founded in 1899 as the Finnish Labour Party ( fi, link=no, Suomen työväenpuolue; sv, link=no, Finska arbetarpartiet), the SDP is Finland's oldest active political party and has a close relationship with the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions. It is also a member of the Party of European Socialists, Progressive Alliance, Socialist International and SAMAK. Following the resignation of Antti Rinne in December 2019, Sanna Marin became the country's 76th Prime Minister. SDP formed a new coalition government on the basis of its predecessor, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forssa Program
The Forssa Program (Finnish: ''Forssan ohjelma'') is a political declaration issued by the Labour Party of Finland at its party convention in Forssa, Finland in August 1903. At the same time the party was renamed Social Democratic Party of Finland. The program served as the official platform of the Social Democratic Party until 1952. Contents The Forssa Program was based on the program of the Social Democratic Party of Austria and the Erfurt Program issued by the Social Democratic Party of Germany. It included the following eleven claims: 1. Universal suffrage, proportional representation, unicameralism and secret ballot 2. Direct democracy 3. Freedom of association, assembly, speech and the press 4. Free and mandatory education 5. Separation of church and state and abolition of religious education 6. Introduction of a progressive income tax 7. Free trial and legal aid and compensation for false indictments 8. Publicly funded health care 9. Abolition of conscription and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
