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Ipomovirus
''Ipomovirus'' is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family ''Potyviridae''. Member viruses infect plants and are transmitted by whiteflies (''Bemisia tabaci''). The name of the genus is derived from ''Ipomoea'' – the generic name of sweet potato. There are seven species in this genus. Structure Viruses in genus ''Ipomovirus'' are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 12–15 nm, and may have a variety of lengths depending on the species (for single segmented species lengths of around 650–900 nm, or for double segmented species 200–300 nm and 500–600 nm). The capsid has helical symmetry with a pitch of 3.4 nm. They induce characteristic inclusion bodies (pinwheels) within infected plant cells. Genome The genome is either monpartite or bipartite depending on the species. Member viruses have linear, single stranded RNA genome of positive polarity about 10-11 kilobases in length. The 3’ terminus h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ipomovirus Genome
''Ipomovirus'' is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family '' Potyviridae''. Member viruses infect plants and are transmitted by whiteflies ('' Bemisia tabaci''). The name of the genus is derived from '' Ipomoea'' – the generic name of sweet potato. There are seven species in this genus. Structure Viruses in genus ''Ipomovirus'' are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 12–15 nm, and may have a variety of lengths depending on the species (for single segmented species lengths of around 650–900 nm, or for double segmented species 200–300 nm and 500–600 nm). The capsid has helical symmetry with a pitch of 3.4 nm. They induce characteristic inclusion bodies (pinwheels) within infected plant cells. Genome The genome is either monpartite or bipartite depending on the species. Member viruses have linear, single stranded RNA genome of positive polarity about 10-11 kilobases in length. The 3’ terminus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potyviridae
''Potyviridae'' is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great agricultural significance. The family has 12 genera and 235 species, three of which are unassigned to a genus. Structure Potyvirid virions are nonenveloped, flexuous filamentous, rod-shaped particles. The diameter is around 12–15 nm, with a length of 200–300 nm. Genome Genomes are linear and usually nonsegmented, around 8–12kb in length, consisting of positive-sense RNA, which is surrounded by a protein coat made up of a single viral encoded protein called a capsid. All induce the formation of virus inclusion bodies called cylindrical inclusions (‘pinwheels’) in their hosts. These consist of a single protein (about 70 kDa) made in their hosts from a single viral genome product. Member viruses encode large polypeptides that are cleaved into mature proteins. In 5'–3' order these proteins are * P1 (a serine protease ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugandan Cassava Brown Streak Virus
Cassava brown streak virus disease (CBSD) is a damaging disease of cassava plants, and is especially troublesome in East Africa. It was first identified in 1936 in Tanzania, and has spread to other coastal areas of East Africa, from Kenya to Mozambique. Recently, it was found that two distinct viruses are responsible for the disease: cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV). Both have (+)ss RNA genomes, belong to the genus ''Ipomovirus'' in the family '' Potyviridae,'' and produce generally similar symptoms in infected plants. Root rot renders the cassava tuber inedible, resulting in severe loss of economic value; therefore, current research focuses on achieving cultivars that do not develop the necrotic rot. This disease is considered to be the biggest threat to food security in coastal East Africa and around the eastern lakes. Symptoms CBSD is characterized by severe chlorosis and necrosis on infected leaves, giving them a yellowish, mot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassava Brown Streak Virus
''Cassava brown streak virus'' is a species of positive-strand RNA viruses in the genus ''Ipomovirus'' and family '' Potyviridae'' which infects plants. Member viruses are unique in their induction of pinwheel, or scroll-shaped inclusion bodies Inclusion bodies are aggregates of specific types of protein found in neurons, a number of tissue cells including red blood cells, bacteria, viruses, and plants. Inclusion bodies of aggregations of multiple proteins are also found in muscle cells ... in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Cylindrical inclusion bodies include aggregations of virus-encoded helicase proteins. These inclusion bodies are thought to be sites of viral replication and assembly, making then an important factor in the viral lifecycle. Viruses from both the species ''Cassava brown streak virus'' and ''Ugandan cassava brown streak virus'' (UCBSV), lead to the development of Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) within cassava plants. History ''Cassava brown streak vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sweet Potato Mild Mottle Virus
Sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family '' Potyviridae''. Host and symptoms Sweet Potato Mild Mottle Virus (or SPMMV) has a large host range. This is uncommon for potyviruses, making SPMMV a divergent species of potyviruses. SPMMV hosts include 45 different species in 14 different plant families. The naturally occurring host, and namesake for the virus is ''Ipomoea batatas'' (sweet potato). Even though SPMMV is found naturally in sweet potato, scientists have been able to experimentally transmit the virus to different species including beets, sowbane, devil’s snare, makhmali, tomato, tobacco, petunia, and zinna. Some common symptoms seen in SPMMV hosts include mild leaf mottling, which is characterized by irregular patterns of marks, patches, spots, and streaks of different colors on host leaves. Also, stunting and dwarfing of the plant is common. Some hosts even have venial chlorosis. Overall, plant growth is very poor in hosts with SPM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Positive-strand RNA Viruses
Positive-strand RNA viruses (+ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have positive-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The positive-sense genome can act as messenger RNA (mRNA) and can be directly translated into viral proteins by the host cell's ribosomes. Positive-strand RNA viruses encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which is used during replication of the genome to synthesize a negative-sense antigenome that is then used as a template to create a new positive-sense viral genome. Positive-strand RNA viruses are divided between the phyla ''Kitrinoviricota'', ''Lenarviricota'', and ''Pisuviricota'' (specifically classes ''Pisoniviricetes'' and '' Stelpavirictes'') all of which are in the kingdom '' Orthornavirae'' and realm '' Riboviria''. They are monophyletic and descended from a common RNA virus ancestor. In the Baltimore classification system, +ssRNA viruses belong to Group IV. Positive-sense RNA viruses include patho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomato Mild Mottle Virus
The tomato is the edible berry of the plant ''Solanum lycopersicum'', commonly known as the tomato plant. The species originated in western South America, Mexico, and Central America. The Mexican Nahuatl word gave rise to the Spanish word , from which the English word ''tomato'' derived. Its domestication and use as a Horticulture, cultivated food may have originated with the indigenous peoples of Mexico. The Aztecs used tomatoes in their cooking at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, and after the Spanish encountered the tomato for the first time after their contact with the Aztecs, they brought the plant to Europe, in a widespread transfer of plants known as the Columbian exchange. From there, the tomato was introduced to other parts of the European-colonized world during the 16th century. Tomatoes are a significant source of umami flavor. They are consumed in diverse ways: raw or cooked, and in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks. While tomatoes are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squash Vein Yellowing Virus
Squash may refer to: Sports * Squash (sport), the high-speed racquet sport also known as squash racquets * Squash (professional wrestling), an extremely one-sided match in professional wrestling * Squash tennis, a game similar to squash but played with equipment more related to that of tennis * Volley squash, a form of volleyball played within a squash court or similar sized enclosed space Food and beverages * Squash (drink), a drink made of concentrated fruit syrup or fructose * Squash (fruit), the fruit of vines of the genus ''Cucurbita'' * Tuborg Squash, a Danish orange-flavoured soft drink Other uses * Squash (film), ''Squash'' (film), an Academy Award-nominated short film about a squash game * SquashFS, a read-only file system * Squatters' Action for Secure Homes, SQUASH - ''Squatters' Action for Secure Homes,'' an activist group in the United Kingdom See also * * {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cucumber Vein Yellowing Virus
Cucumber (''Cucumis sativus'') is a widely-cultivated creeping vine plant in the Cucurbitaceae family that bears usually cylindrical fruits, which are used as culinary vegetables.Cucumber " ''''. 2019. Considered an annual plant, there are three main varieties of cucumber—slicing, pickling, and —within which several [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccinia Mottle Virus
The scarlet gourds are a genus (''Coccinia'' from the Greek, ''kokkinia'' or ''kokkinias'' - "red" or "scarlet") with 25 species. It is distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and with one species, ''C. grandis'' also in South and South-east Asia, and it is also introduced into the New World. Incidentally, ''C. grandis'' is also a cultivated crop and it is used for culinary and medical purposes. Description ''Coccinia'' species are perennial climbing or creeping herbs. Climbing is supported by simple of unequally bifid tendrils. Most species develop a tuber from the hypocotyl, sometimes on roots. The cotyledons are simple, entire and have an blunt tip. The leaves are usually stalked, rarely sessile. The leaves are simple to deeply lobed, usually with teeth along the margin. The lower leaf side often bears small nectar-producing glands. ''Coccinia'' species are dioecious, meaning that individual plants produce flowers with only male or only female organs. The sepals are connected an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase
Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ITPA'' gene, by the ''rdgB'' gene in bacteria ''E.coli'' and the ''HAM1'' gene in yeast ''S. cerevisiae''; the protein is also encoded by some RNA viruses of the ''Potyviridae'' family. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. Also, at least two other transcript variants have been identified which are probably regulatory rather than protein-coding. Function The protein encoded by this gene hydrolyzes inosine triphosphate and deoxyinosine triphosphate to the monophosphate nucleotide and diphosphate. The enzyme possesses a multiple substrate-specificity and acts on other nucleotides including xanthosine triphosphate and deoxyxanthosine triphosphate. The encoded protein, which is a member of the HAM1 NTPase protein family, is found in the cytoplasm and acts as a homodimer In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helicase
Helicases are a class of enzymes thought to be vital to all organisms. Their main function is to unpack an organism's genetic material. Helicases are motor proteins that move directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two hybridized nucleic acid strands (hence '' helic- + -ase''), using energy from ATP hydrolysis. There are many helicases, representing the great variety of processes in which strand separation must be catalyzed. Approximately 1% of eukaryotic genes code for helicases. The human genome codes for 95 non-redundant helicases: 64 RNA helicases and 31 DNA helicases. Many cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, recombination, DNA repair, and ribosome biogenesis involve the separation of nucleic acid strands that necessitates the use of helicases. Some specialized helicases are also involved in sensing of viral nucleic acids during infection and fulfill a immunological function. Function Helicases are o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
