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Ipiranga Brook
The Ipiranga Brook (in Portuguese: ''Riacho do Ipiranga'', ), is a river of São Paulo state in southeastern Brazil, historically known as the place where Dom Pedro I declared the independence of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Its name derives from the Tupi words: "Y", which means water or river, and "Piranga", which means red. It is also mentioned in the country's national anthem. Declaration of Independence On September 2, 1822, a decree with Lisbon's demands arrived in Rio de Janeiro, while Prince Pedro was in São Paulo. Princess Maria Leopoldina, acting as Princess Regent, met with the Council of Ministers and decided to send her husband a letter advising him to proclaim Brazil's independence. The letter reached Prince Pedro on September 7, 1822. That same day, in a famous scene at the shore of the Ipiranga Brook, he declared the country's independence, ending 322 years of colonial dominance of Portugal over Brazil. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monument To The Independence Of Brazil
The Monument to the Independence of Brazil ( pt, Monumento à Independência do Brasil) is a granite and bronze sculpture located in the Independence Park in São Paulo, Brazil. It is also known as the Ipiranga Monument ( pt, Monumento do Ipiranga) or the Altar of the Fatherland ( pt, Altar da Pátria). The monument is located on the banks of the Ipiranga Brook, on the historic site where the later emperor Pedro I proclaimed the independence of the country on 7 September 1822. The monument was designed and built by Italian sculptor Ettore Ximenes (1855–1926) and Italian architect Manfredo Manfredi (1859–1927) to celebrate the first centenary of the Brazilian Independence. The crypt An Imperial Crypt and Chapel is located inside the monument. The crypt was built in 1972 to house the remains of emperor Pedro I and his wives, Maria Leopoldina of Austria and Amélie of Leuchtenberg. The crypt is consecrated as a Catholic chapel, as demanded by the then head of the Brazilian Imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian National Anthem
The "Brazilian National Anthem" ( pt, Hino Nacional Brasileiro) was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva in 1831 and had been given at least two sets of unofficial lyrics before a 1922 decree by president Epitácio Pessoa gave the anthem its definitive, official lyrics, by Joaquim Osório Duque-Estrada, after several changes were made to his proposal, written in 1909. The anthem's lyrics have been described as Parnassian in style and Romantic in content. History The melody of the Brazilian national anthem was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva, and was presented to the public for the first time in April 1831. On 7 April 1831, the first Brazilian Emperor, Pedro I, abdicated the Crown and days later left for Europe, leaving behind the then-five-year-old Emperor Pedro II. From the Brazilian proclamation of independence in 1822 until the 1831 abdication, an anthem that had been composed by Pedro I himself, celebrating the country's independence (and that now continues t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independence Day (Brazil)
The Independence Day of Brazil ( pt, Dia da Independência, ), commonly called Sete de Setembro (, 'Seven of September'), is a national holiday observed in Brazil on 7 September of every year. The date celebrates Brazil's Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves on 7 September 1822. Background In 1808, French troops commanded by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Portugal as a retaliation for the Iberian country's refusal to participate in the trade embargo against the United Kingdom. Fleeing persecution, the Portuguese monarchs transferred the Portuguese Court from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, then capital of Colonial Brazil. In 1815, prince regent John VI created the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, elevating Brazil to the rank of kingdom and increasing its administrative independence. Brazil, Portugal, and Great Britain were the three major contributors to the Independence of Brazil all three motivated by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rivers Of São Paulo
List of rivers in São Paulo (Brazilian State). The list is arranged by drainage basin from north to south, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name and ordered from downstream to upstream. All rivers in São Paulo drain to the Atlantic Ocean. By Drainage Basin Atlantic Coast * Paraíba do Sul ** Barra Mansa River ** Bananal River ** Barreiro de Baixo River ** Sesmarias River ** Do Salto River ** Itagacaba River ** Bocaina River ** Guaratinguetá River ** Buquira River ** Jaguari River *** Parateí River (Lambari-Parateí River) *** Do Peixe River *** Pilões River ** Itapeti River ** Paraibuna River *** Lourenço Velho River *** Do Peixe River *** Ipiranga River ** Paraitinga River *** Itaim River *** Jacuí River ** Comprido River * Bracuí River * Mambucaba River * Puruba River * Camburu River * Itapanhaú River * Cubatão River * Branco River * Comprido River * Guaraú River * Una do Prelado River * Ribeira de Iguape R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O Estado De S
O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''o'' (pronounced ), plural ''oes''. History Its graphic form has remained fairly constant from Phoenician times until today. The name of the Phoenician letter was '' ʿeyn'', meaning "eye", and indeed its shape originates simply as a drawing of a human eye (possibly inspired by the corresponding Egyptian hieroglyph, cf. Proto-Sinaitic script). Its original sound value was that of a consonant, probably , the sound represented by the cognate Arabic letter ع ''ʿayn''. The use of this Phoenician letter for a vowel sound is due to the early Greek alphabets, which adopted the letter as O "omicron" to represent the vowel . The letter was adopted with this value in the Old Italic alphabets, including the early Latin alphabet. In Greek, a variation of the for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1822 (book)
''1822'', subtitled ''How a wise man, a sad princess and a money crazy Scotsman helped D. Pedro to create Brazil, a country that had everything to go wrong'' (in Portuguese: ''Como um homem sábio, uma princesa triste e um escocês louco por dinheiro ajudaram D. Pedro a criar o Brasil, um país que tinha tudo para dar errado''), is a non-fiction historical book written by Laurentino Gomes, the author of ''1808'', and edited by Nova Fronteira. The name of the book refers to the year in which Prince Pedro declared the independence of Brazil with the well-remembered "Cry of Ipiranga". It is a comprehensive study of the beginnings of independent life in a giant country in the New World. The book is dedicated to all Brazilian history teachers.1822: como um homem sábio, uma princesa triste e um escocês louco por dinheiro ajudaram D. Pedro a criar o Brasil, um país que tinha tudo para dar errado / Laurentino Gomes - Rio de Janeiro : Nova Fronteira, 2010, In 2011, the book earned Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurentino Gomes
Laurentino Gomes (born 1956 in Maringá, Paraná) is a Brazilian journalist and writer. He is best known as the author of the trilogy of books that cover the history of Brazil and Portugal during the 19th century. He has already released two of the three books: ''1808'', about the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil; and ''1822'', about the Independence of Brazil. He is about to release the third and final book of the series, ''1889'', about the Proclamation of the Republic. In 2008, the first book, ''1808'', was awarded as the best essay book by Academia Brasileira de Letras. It was also awarded twice a Prêmio Jabuti, at the categories "best reportage-book" and "non-fiction book of the year". In 2011, the second book, ''1822'', earned Gomes his third and fourth Jabuti prizes, again in the categories "best reportage-book" and "non-fiction book of the year". Laurentino graduated in Journalism at the Federal University of Paraná, and then post-graduated in Managem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Leopoldina Of Austria
Dona Maria Leopoldina of Austria (22 January 1797 – 11 December 1826) was the first Empress of Brazil as the wife of Emperor Dom Pedro I from 12 October 1822 until her death. She was also Queen of Portugal during her husband's brief reign as King Dom Pedro IV from 10 March to 2 May 1826. She was born in Vienna, Austria, the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. Among her many siblings were Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria and Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, the wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. The education Maria Leopoldina had received in childhood and adolescence was eclectic and broad, with a higher cultural level and more consistent political training. Such education of the little princes and princesses of the Habsburg family was based on the educational belief initiated by their grandfather Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, who believed "that children should be inspired from an early age to have high q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independência Ou Morte (1888)
The 1888 painting ''Independence or Death'' (''Independência ou Morte'' in Portuguese), also known as the ''Cry of Ipiranga'' (''Grito do Ipiranga'' in the original), is the main artwork representing the proclamation of the Brazilian independence. Author Pedro Américo was born in 1843, in the Paraíba Province of Brazil, more specifically in the now municipality of Areia, at the time the small town of ''Brejo d'Areia''. Since his youth, he showed a vocation for painting, being 10 years old when he participated as a drawer of flora and fauna in a scientific expedition through Northeastern Brazil lead by the French naturalist Louis Jacques Brunet. At approximately 13 years old, he entered the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. His performance at the Academy made him known even to Emperor Pedro II, who sponsored a trip to Paris and studies at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, where the artist perfected his style, mainly in historical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupi Language
Old Tupi, Ancient Tupi or Classical Tupi (also spelled as Tupí) is an extinct Tupian language which was spoken by the aboriginal Tupi people of Brazil, mostly those who inhabited coastal regions in South and Southeast Brazil. It belongs to the Tupi–Guarani language family, and has a written history spanning the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries. In the early colonial period, Tupi was used as a ''lingua franca'' throughout Brazil by Europeans and aboriginal Americans, and had literary usage, but it was later suppressed almost to extinction. Today, only one modern descendant is living, the Nheengatu language. The names Old Tupi or classical Tupi are used for the language in English and by modern scholars (it is referred to as in Portuguese), but native speakers called it variously "the good language", "common language", "human language", in Old Tupi, or, in Portuguese, "general language", "Amazonian general language", "Brazilian language". History Old Tupi was firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom Of Portugal, Brazil And The Algarves
The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was a pluricontinental monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony named State of Brazil to the status of a kingdom and by the simultaneous union of that Kingdom of Brazil with the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of the Algarves, constituting a single state consisting of three kingdoms. The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed in 1815, following the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil during the Napoleonic invasions of Portugal, and it continued to exist for about one year after the return of the Court to Europe, being ''de facto'' dissolved in 1822, when Brazil proclaimed its independence. The dissolution of the United Kingdom was accepted by Portugal and formalized ''de jure'' in 1825, when Portugal recognized the independent Empire of Brazil. During its period of existence the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves did not correspond to the whole of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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