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Internet Censorship In Egypt
The Internet is accessible to the majority of the population in Egypt, whether via smartphones, internet cafes, or home connections. Broadband Internet access via VDSL is widely available. Under the rule of Hosni Mubarak, Internet censorship and surveillance were severe, culminating in a total shutdown of the Internet in Egypt during the 2011 Revolution. Although Internet access was restored following Mubarak's order, government censorship and surveillance have increased since the 2013 coup d'état, leading the NGO Freedom House to downgrade Egypt's Internet freedom from "partly free" in 2011 to "not free" in 2015, which it has retained in subsequent reports including the most recent in 2021. Penetration Egypt's internet penetration rate grew from less than one percent in 2000, to 5% in 2004, 24% in 2009, 54.6% in 2014, and 71.9% in 2022. Egypt has continued to grow internet penetration by investing in the information and communications technology sector, spending in 2008 whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing. The origins of the Internet date back to the development of packet switching and research commissioned by the United States Department of Defense in the 1960s to enable time-sharing of computers. The primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1970s to enable resource shari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority
The National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (Arabic: Al-Gehaz Al-Qawmy l-Tanzeem Al-Etisalat), commonly known as NTRA, is the Egypt government-approved regulatory and competition authority that was established in accordance of the Egyptian telecommunication regulation law No. 10/ 2003 as the national authority equipped to regulate and administer the telecommunications region. Regulating the competition environment between the operators inside the industry according to the Egyptian constitution was a huge mandatory case after the huge rate of telecommunication technology growth, as well as ensuring the availability of qualitative and green telecommunications services. The Egyptian Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) corporations have supported the Egyptian constitutions rules through a selection of channels, of strong nationwide telecommunications infrastructure paved the manner for the development of a number of important telecommunications s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MENA (cable System)
Middle East North Africa (MENA) is a submarine communications cable system that is planned to connect Italy, Greece, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and India. It will be about long and is planned to deliver up to 5.76 terabits per second. In 2018, Telecom Egypt announced its acquisition of the cable from Orascom Telecom Media and Technology Holding. Cable landing stations It will have cable landing points at: * Mazara, Italy * Crete, Greece * Alexandria, Egypt Then overland to * Za'frana, Egypt Then onwards as a submarine cable again to * Jeddah, Saudi Arabia * Seeb, Oman * Mumbai Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' fin ..., India Total length of the Cable is . References {{Submarine communications cables in the Mediterranean Sea Submarine communications cable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orascom
Orascom Construction PLC (OC) is an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor based in Cairo, Egypt. The company was Egypt's first multinational corporation and stands at the core of the Orascom Group companies. OC is active in more than 25 countries. History OC was established in Egypt in 1950 and owned by Onsi Sawiris. It owned and operated cement plants in Egypt, Algeria, Turkey, Pakistan, Iraq, North Korea and Spain, which had a combined annual production capacity of 21 million tonnes. In December 2007, OC announced the divestment of its cement group, Orascom Building Materials Holding (OBMH), the holding company for its cement group assets, to the French Lafarge. In July 2011, Orascom Construction won a $450 million bid in Saudi Arabia. In September 2012, Orascom Construction expanded in the US by building a nitrogen fertilizer plant in Iowa and buying out The Weitz Company. In 2013, Cascade Investment invested $1 billion in Orascom Construction. Followin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TE North
TE North (Telecom Egypt North) is a submarine telecommunications cable linking France and Egypt developed by Alcatel-Lucent. The cable system is 3,100 km long with a capacity of up to 1.28 Tbit/s over 8 fibre pairs. The cable system expands the service footprint of the existing TE transit corridor by offering additional transit services in the Mediterranean. The cable was launched in 2010 and was later upgraded to use 40G channels in the summer of 2011, becoming the first cable in the Mediterranean to use this technology. The cable has landing points in: #Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France #Abu Talat, Alexandria Governorate Alexandria Governorate is one of the governorates of Egypt. The city of Alexandria was historically the capital of Egypt until the foundation of Fustat, which was later absorbed into Cairo. Today the Alexandria governorate is considered second ..., Egypt References Submarine communications cables in the Mediterranean Sea Egypt–France re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiber-Optic Link Around The Globe
Fibre-optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) is a fibre optic mostly-submarine communications cable that connects the United Kingdom, Japan, India, and many places in between. The cable is operated by Global Cloud Xchange, a subsidiary of RCOM. The system runs from the eastern coast of North America to Japan. Its Europe-Asia segment was the fourth longest cable in the world in 2008. The Europe-Asia segment was laid by Cable & Wireless Marine in the mid-1990s, and was the subject of an article in ''Wired'' magazine in December 1996 by Neal Stephenson. Description The FLAG cable system was first placed into commercial service in late 1997. FLAG offered a speed of 10 Gbit/s, and uses synchronous digital hierarchy technology. It carries over 120,000 voice channels via of mostly undersea cable. FLAG uses erbium-doped fibre amplifiers, and was jointly supplied by AT&T Submarine Systems and KDD-Submarine Cable Systems. Its design, development, installation, and service conformed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etisalat Egypt
Etisalat Egypt S.A.E. is the third mobile operator to enter the Egyptian market and the first integrated operator for telecom services in Egypt. It officially started its business in 2007 and managed to attract one million subscribers in the first fifty days of the launch of its operations. Etisalat was the first company to provide 3.5G services, and was also the first to provide 4G services without the need for its customers to change their SIM cards, in addition to constantly developing its network. Etisalat Egypt is one of the companies operating under Emirates Telecommunication Group Company, which was established in 1976 and later expanded to operate in 16 countries across the Middle East, Africa and Asia, serving more than 148 million subscribers with its services. Etisalat provides mobile, fixed line, mobile Internet and fixed Internet services. Etisalat's Share in the Egyptian Market Within two years of operation, the company was able to attract more than 15 million s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet Service Provider
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. ISPs can be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. Internet services typically provided by ISPs can include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. An ISP typically serves as the access point or the gateway that provides a user access to everything available on the Internet. Such a network can also be called as an eyeball network. History The Internet (originally ARPAnet) was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. Other companies and organizations joined by direct connection to the backbone, or by arrangements through other connected companies, sometimes using dialup tools such as UUCP. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governorates Of Egypt
Egypt has a Centralisation, centralised system of local government officially called local administration as it is a branch of the Executive (government), Executive. The country is divided into twenty-seven governorates ( '; ; genitive case#Arabic, genitive case: ; plural: '), the top tier of local administration. A governorate is administered by a governor, who is appointed by the President of Egypt and serves at the president's discretion. Governors have the civilian rank of minister and report directly to the Prime Minister of Egypt, prime minister, who chairs the Board of Governors ''(majlis al-muhafzin)'' and meets with them on a regular basis. The Ministry of Local Development, Minister of Local Development coordinates the governors and their governorate's budgets. Overview Egypt generally has four tiers of local administration units: governorates, cities, counties ''(marakiz)'', districts (subdivisions of cities) and villages (subdivisions of counties). There is a tie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandria
Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation, eventually replacing Memphis, in present-day Greater Cairo, as Egypt's capital. During the Hellenistic period, it was home to the Lighthouse of Alexandria, which ranked among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, as well as the storied Library of Alexandria. Today, the library is reincarnated in the disc-shaped, ultramodern Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Its 15th-century seafront Qaitbay Citadel is now a museum. Called the "Bride of the Mediterranean" by locals, Alexandria is a popular tourist destination and an important industrial centre due to its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. The city extends about along the northern coast of Egypt, and is the largest city on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
