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International Wargames Federation
The International Wargames Federation (IWF) is the international body uniting national wargaming federations of South Africa and was founded in 1991. The IWF members are part of a greater movement toward integration of Mind Sports in the regular sports arena. History The International Wargames Federation was founded by the Derby Wargames Club and Mind Sports South Africa in 1991. It is the international controlling body for historical miniatures games other types of wargames and promotes all wargames on a worldwide level. As a result of the International Wargames Federation being formed, members like Mind Sports South Africa have been allowed to affiliate with the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee, and award officially accredited national colours to players who represent South Africa in official test matches and world championships. World Championships Today world 'championships' are played annually. The World Championships have been played at the fol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germiston
Germiston, also known as kwaDukathole, is a small city in the East Rand region of Gauteng, South Africa, administratively forming part of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality since the latter's establishment in 2000. It functions as the municipal seat of Ekurhuleni, hosting the municipal council and administration. History Germiston was established in the early days of the Witwatersrand Gold Rush, gold rush when two prospectors, John Jack from the farm of Germiston, Glasgow, Germiston near Glasgow and August Simmer from Vacha, Germany, Vacha in Germany, struck paydirt on the farm of ''Elandsfontein''. In August 1887, the pair were on their way to the Eastern Transvaal when they ''outspanned'' (rested their pack animals) on the farm ''Elandsfontein'' and decided to stay and buy the land. Both men made fortunes and the town sprang up 2 km from the Simmer and Jack mine named after Jack's fathers farm. In 1921, the world's largest gold refinery, the Rand Refine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black South Afri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wargaming
A wargame is a strategy game in which two or more players command opposing armed forces in a realistic simulation of an armed conflict. Wargaming may be played for recreation, to train military officers in the art of strategic thinking, or to study the nature of potential conflicts. Many wargames recreate specific historic battles, and can cover either whole wars, or any campaigns, battles, or lower-level engagements within them. Many simulate land combat, but there are wargames for naval and air combat as well. Generally, activities where the participants actually perform mock combat actions (e.g. friendly warships firing dummy rounds at each other) are not considered wargames. Some writers may refer to a military's field training exercises as "live wargames", but certain institutions such as the US Navy do not accept this.''War Gamer's Handbook'' (US Naval War College), p. 4: "The .S. Naval War College's War Gaming Departmentuses the Perla (1990) definition, which describes w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mind Sports South Africa
Mind Sports South Africa (MSSA) is recognised by Act of Parliament as the national controlling body for mind sports in South Africa. Mind Sports South Africa (MSSA) is also an affiliate of the International eSports Federation, Fédération Mondiale du Jeu de Dames, and the International Wargames Federation. Due to its membership of such international bodies, the MSSA is the sole authority for the games that it caters for in terms of the Sport and Recreation Act, number 110 of 1998 (as amended). History Mind Sports South Africa was formally constituted on 14 December 1985. However, it was not until 1990 that the MSSA became a member of NOCSA in 1990, and in 1991 that the MSSA became affiliated to the Confederation of South African Sports Confederation (COSAS). The MSSA was one of the members that encouraged unity during the apartheid era, and thus voted in favour of the unifying of sport. As a consequence of the actions of the many National Federations, the National Sports Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 In Games
__NOTOC__ This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 1991. For video games, see 1991 in video gaming. Games Released or Invented in 1991 Game awards given in 1991 * Spiel des Jahres: '' Drunter und Drüber'' * Deutscher Spiele Preis: ''Master Labyrinth'' * Origins Awards: ** Best Roleplaying Rules: '' Vampire: The Masquerade'' ** Best Pre-20th Century Boardgame: ''Blackbeard'' ** Best Modern-day Boardgame: ''East Front'' ** Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Boardgame: ''Cosmic Encounter'' ** Best Roleplaying Supplement: ''GURPS Time Travel'' ** Best Roleplaying Adventure: ''Horror on the Orient Express'' (for '' Call of Cthulhu'') * Games: ''Trumpet'' Significant games-related events in 1991 *White Wolf, Inc. founded. See also * 1991 in video gaming {{DEFAULTSORT:1991 In Games Games A game is a structured form of play, usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miniature Figure (gaming)
In miniature wargaming, players enact simulated battles using scale models called miniature models, which can be anywhere from 2 to 54 mm in height, to represent warriors, vehicles, artillery, buildings, and terrain. These models are colloquially referred to as miniatures or minis. Miniature models are commonly made of metal, plastic, or paper. They are used to augment the visual aspects of a game and track position, facing, and line of sight of characters. Miniatures are typically painted and can be artfully sculpted, making them collectible in their own right. Pre-painted plastic figures, such as ''Clix'' miniatures produced by WizKids and unpainted plastic figures for ''Warhammer'' by Games Workshop, have become popular. The hobby of painting, collecting, and playing with miniatures originated with toy soldiers, though the latter were generally sold pre-painted. Materials Traditionally, miniatures were cast in white metal, an alloy of lead and tin. A small amount of ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pike And Shot
Pike and shot was a historical infantry tactical formation that first appeared during the Italian Wars of the late 15th and early 16th centuries, and was used until the development of the bayonet in the late 17th century. This type of formation combined soldiers armed with pikes and soldiers armed with arquebuses and/or muskets. Other weapons such as swords, halberds, and crossbows were also sometimes implemented. The formation was initially developed by the armies of the Holy Roman Empire (''Landsknechte'') and of the Spanish Crown (''Tercios''), and later by the Dutch and Swedish armies in the 17th century. Origin By the end of the fifteenth century, late-medieval troop types that had proven most successful in the Hundred Years' War and Burgundian Wars dominated European warfare, especially the heavily armoured ''gendarme'' (a professional version of the medieval knight), the Swiss and Landsknecht mercenary pikemen. The emerging artillery corps of heavy cannons was a rapidly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morabaraba
''Morabaraba'' is a traditional two-player strategy board game played in South Africa and Botswana with a slightly different variation played in Lesotho. The game is known by many names in many languages, including ''mlabalaba'', ''mmela'' (in Setswana), ''muravava'', and ''umlabalaba''. The game is similar to twelve men's morris, a variation on the Roman board game nine men's morris. While some believe that ''morabaraba'' was introduced to Southern Africa by British settlers, morris variants exist in many parts of the world, e.g., India (''char bhar''), Ghana (''achi''), Kenya (''shisimia''), Somalia ('' shax''), Zimbabwe (''tsoro yemutwelve''),Iran(''dooz''), the Philippines (''tapatan'') and Mongolia (''gurgaldaj''). It is claimed that ''morabaraba'' boards carved in rock are dated to be at least 800 years old, which would exclude a European origin. However, many rock art images do not actually show ''morabaraba'', but the ''mancala''-type game of ''moruba'' (using of cupules ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
