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Interconnectors
An interconnector (also known as a DC tie in the USA) is a structure which enables high voltage DC electricity to flow between electrical grids. An electrical interconnector allows electricity to flow between separate AC networks, or to link Wide area synchronous grid, synchronous grids. They can be formed of submarine power cables or Undergrounding, underground power cables or overhead power lines. The longest interconnection as of July 2022 was the 2,210 km Southern Hami–Zhengzhou UHVDC, Hami - Zhengzhou delivering 8 GW of High-voltage direct current, high voltage direct current power. The longest proposed connector is the 3,800 km, 3.6 GW Xlinks Morocco-UK Power Project. Economy Interconnectors allow the Trade, trading of electricity between territories. For example, the East–West Interconnector allows the trading of electricity between the UK and Republic of Ireland, Ireland. A territory which generates more energy than it requires for its own activit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of HVDC Projects
This is a list of notable high-voltage direct-current power transmission projects. HVDC projects for long-distance transmission have two (or rarely, more) converter stations and a transmission line interconnecting them. Generally overhead lines are used for interconnection, but an important class of HVDC projects use submarine power cables. A back-to-back station has no transmission line and connects two AC grids at different frequencies or phase counts. Historical HVDC systems used the Thury system of motor-generators but these have all been made obsolete by later developments such as mercury-arc valves (now also obsolete), thyristors, and IGBT power transistors. Legend Line type: * Thury = Series-connected generators as designed by René Thury * Merc = Mercury-arc valve rectifier and inverter * Thyr = Thyristor rectifier and inverter * IGBT = Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors Line status: Africa Australia and Oceania Asia Europe 2 As of 9 December 2015, Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submarine Power Cable
A submarine power cable is a transmission cable for carrying electric power below the surface of the water.Underwater Cable an Alternative to Electrical Towers Matthew L. Wald, '''', 2010-03-16, accessed 2010-03-18. These are called "submarine" because they usually carry electric power beneath (arms of the , |
Wide Area Synchronous Grid
A wide area synchronous grid (also called an "interconnection" in North America) is a three-phase electric power grid that has regional scale or greater that operates at a synchronized utility frequency and is electrically tied together during normal system conditions. Also known as ''synchronous zones'', the most powerful is the Northern Chinese State Grid with 1,700 gigawatts (GW) of generation capacity, while the widest region served is that of the IPS/UPS system serving most countries of the former Soviet Union. Synchronous grids with ample capacity facilitate electricity trading across wide areas. In the ENTSO-E in 2008, over 350,000 megawatt hours were sold per day on the European Energy Exchange (EEX). Neighbouring interconnections with the same frequency and standards can be synchronized and directly connected to form a larger interconnection, or they may share power without synchronization via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East–West Interconnector
The East–West Interconnector is a 500MW high-voltage direct current submarine and subsoil power cable which connects the Irish and British electricity markets. The project was developed by the Irish national grid operator EirGrid. Aim The interconnector is aimed to increase competition and security of supply, and better use the capacity of wind energy. The additional capacity headroom provided by the interconnection will assist in reducing the Electricity Supply Board's dominant position in the Irish electricity market. By joining the two markets it will allow Irish suppliers to access power in the British mainland market and for British suppliers to enter the Irish market without initially having to commit to large capital expenditure, significantly reducing barriers to entry. Irish renewable generators will benefit from the interconnection as it will increase their available market and may make it more economically attractive to construct more large scale renewable gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrical Grid
An electrical grid is an interconnected network for electricity delivery from producers to consumers. Electrical grids vary in size and can cover whole countries or continents. It consists of:Kaplan, S. M. (2009). Smart Grid. Electrical Power Transmission: Background and Policy Issues. The Capital.Net, Government Series. Pp. 1-42. * power stations: often located near energy and away from heavily populated areas * electrical substations to step voltage up or down * electric power transmission to carry power long distances * electric power distribution to individual customers, where voltage is stepped down again to the required service voltage(s). Grids are nearly always synchronous, meaning all distribution areas operate with three phase alternating current (AC) frequencies synchronized (so that voltage swings occur at almost the same time). This allows transmission of AC power throughout the area, connecting a large number of electricity generators and consumers and potenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solid-state Transformer
A solid-state transformer (SST), power electronic transformer (PET), or electronic power transformer is actually an AC-to-AC converter, a type of electric power converter that replaces a conventional transformer used in AC electric power distribution. It is more complex than a conventional transformer operating at utility frequency, but it can be smaller and more efficient than a conventional transformer because it operates at high frequency. The main types are "true" AC-to-AC converter (with no DC stages) and AC-to-DC-to-DC-to-AC converter (in which an active rectifier supplies power to a DC-to-DC converter, which supplies power to a power inverter). A solid-state transformer usually contains a transformer, inside the AC-to-AC converter or DC-to-DC converter, which provides electrical isolation and carries the full power. This transformer is smaller due to smaller DC-DC inverting stages between transformer coils, which consequently mean smaller transformer coils required to step ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variable-frequency Transformer
A variable-frequency transformer (VFT) is used to transmit electricity between two ( asynchronous or synchronous) alternating current frequency domains. The VFT is a relatively recent development. Most asynchronous grid inter-ties use high-voltage direct current converters, while synchronous grid inter-ties are connected by lines and "ordinary" transformers, but without the ability to control power flow between the systems. It can be thought of as a very high power synchro, or a rotary converter acting as a frequency changer, which is more efficient than a motor–generator of the same rating. Construction and operation A variable-frequency transformer is a doubly fed electric machine resembling a vertical shaft hydroelectric generator with a three-phase wound rotor, connected by slip rings to one external power circuit. The stator is connected to the other. With no applied torque, the shaft rotates due to the difference in frequency between the networks connected to the rotor an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HVDC Europe
A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system (also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway) uses direct current (DC) for electric power transmission, in contrast with the more common alternating current (AC) transmission systems. Most HVDC links use voltages between 100 kV and 800 kV. However, a 1,100 kV link in China was completed in 2019 over a distance of with a power capacity of 12 GW. With this dimension, intercontinental connections become possible which could help to deal with the fluctuations of wind power and photovoltaics. HVDC allows power transmission between AC transmission systems that are not synchronized. Since the power flow through an HVDC link can be controlled independently of the phase angle between source and load, it can stabilize a network against disturbances due to rapid changes in power. HVDC also allows the transfer of power between grid systems running at different frequencies, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Super Grid
The European super grid is a possible future super grid that would ultimately interconnect the various European countries and the regions around Europe's borders – including North Africa, Kazakhstan, and Turkey – with a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power grid. It is envisaged that a European super grid would: * lower the cost of power in all participating countries by allowing the entire region to share the most efficient power plants; * pool load variability and power station unreliability, reducing the margin of inefficient spinning reserve and standby that have to be supplied; * allow for wider use of renewable energy, particularly wind energy, from the concept that "it is always windy somewhere" – in particular it tends to be windy in the summer in North Africa, and windy in the winter in Europe; * allow wide sharing of the total European hydro power resource, which is about 6 weeks of full load European output; * decrease Europe's dependence on im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nord Pool Spot
Nord Pool AS is a pan-European power exchange. Nord Pool has a main office in Oslo and further offices in Stockholm, Helsinki, Tallinn, Berlin and London. The company is owned by the European exchange operator Euronext as well as TSO Holding, which represents the continental Nordic and Baltic countries' transmission system operators (TSOs: Fingrid, Energinet, Statnett, Svenska Kraftnät, and Litgrid). Nord Pool has two subsidiaries, Nord Pool AB and Nord Pool Finland Oy. History 1932-1991: Norwegian origins Nord Pool traces its origin to ' (lit. the ''Coordination Association''), a power exchange formed by eastern Norwegian electricity companies in 1932 on the initiative of Augustin Paus, and which soon encompassed all the electricity companies in eastern Norway. In 1971 the exchange merged with the regional exchanges in other parts of Norway, and became ' (literally the ''Coordination of Power Stations in Norway''), with 118 power companies as members as of 1988. 1991-20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Ireland
Ireland ( ga, Éire ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (), is a country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, on the eastern side of the island. Around 2.1 million of the country's population of 5.13 million people resides in the Greater Dublin Area. The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, St George's Channel to the south-east, and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The legislature, the , consists of a lower house, ; an upper house, ; and an elected President () who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the (Prime Minister, literally 'Chief', a title not used in English), who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
