Ingleby Barwick
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Ingleby Barwick
Ingleby Barwick is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees, North Yorkshire, England. It is south of the River Tees and north-east of the River Leven. Large scale development of the town started in the late 1970s on farm land south-west of Thornaby, the first development being officially opened on 30 July 1981 by the mayor of Langbaurgh. At a parish council meeting in February 2007, the parish gained town status in with the passing of a resolution under the Local Government Act 1972 s245(6). In 2011, the population of the civil parish of Ingleby Barwick was 20,378, its two electoral wards (which also include the settlements of Hilton, Maltby, High Leven and Low Leven) had a population of 21,045. Etymology Ingleby Barwick was originally two settlements under a single joint parish, it is common to shorten the name to Ingleby in speech unless disambiguation is needed. Ingleby is derived from Old Norse Englar+by, a group of Angles' place. Barwick is of Anglo- ...
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List Of Towns In England
This is a list of towns in England. Historically, towns were any settlement with a charter, including market towns and ancient boroughs. The process of incorporation was reformed in 1835 and many more places received borough charters, whilst others were lost. All existing boroughs were abolished on 1 April 1974 and Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough status was reformed as a civic honour for local government districts. At the same time a limited number of former boroughs and other settlements became successor parishes, with the right to be known as a town and preserve their charter. Boroughs that did not become successor parishes formed unparished areas, but were able to preserve their charters without a corporate body by appointing charter trustees. Since 1 April 1974 any parish council in England has the right to resolve to call itself a town council and many communities have taken up this right, including areas that preserved continuity with charter trustees. However, ...
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Old Norse
Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian, is a stage of development of North Germanic languages, North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their Viking expansion, overseas settlements and chronologically coincides with the Viking Age, the Christianization of Scandinavia and the consolidation of Scandinavian kingdoms from about the 7th to the 15th centuries. The Proto-Norse language developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid-to-late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse. These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century. Old Norse was divided into three dialects: Old West Norse, ''Old West Norse'' or ''Old West Nordic'' (often referred to as ''Old Norse''), Old East Norse, ''Old East Norse'' or ''Old East Nordic'', and ''Ol ...
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Cist
A cist ( or ; also kist ; from grc-gre, κίστη, Middle Welsh ''Kist'' or Germanic ''Kiste'') is a small stone-built coffin-like box or ossuary used to hold the bodies of the dead. Examples can be found across Europe and in the Middle East. A cist may have been associated with other monuments, perhaps under a cairn or long barrow. Several cists are sometimes found close together within the same cairn or barrow. Often ornaments have been found within an excavated cist, indicating the wealth or prominence of the interred individual. This old word is preserved in the Nordic languages as "" in Swedish and "" in Danish and Norwegian, where it is the word for a funerary coffin. In English it is related to "cistern".''cistern'' Regional examples ;Sri Lanka * Bellanbedipalassa * Pothana * Ibbankatuwa Megalithic Stones * Udaranchamadama ;England * Bellever Forest, Dartmoor * Hepburn woods, Northumberland ;Estonia * Jõelähtme (Rebala) stone-cist graves, Harju County ;Gu ...
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Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly applied to Iron Age Europe and the Ancient Near East, but also, by analogy, to other parts of the Old World. The duration of the Iron Age varies depending on the region under consideration. It is defined by archaeological convention. The "Iron Age" begins locally when the production of iron or steel has advanced to the point where iron tools and weapons replace their bronze equivalents in common use. In the Ancient Near East, this transition took place in the wake of the Bronze Age collapse, in the 12th century BC. The technology soon spread throughout the Mediterranean Basin region and to South Asia (Iron Age in India) between the 12th and 11th century BC. Its further spread to Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and Central Europe is somewhat dela ...
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Flint
Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Flint was widely used historically to make stone tools and start fires. It occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones.''The Flints from Portsdown Hill''
Inside the nodule, flint is usually dark grey, black, green, white or brown in colour, and often has a glassy or waxy appearance. A thin layer on the outside of the nodules is usually different in colour, typically white and rough in texture. The nodules can often be found along s and

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Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with the advent of metalworking. Though some simple metalworking of malleable metals, particularly the use of gold and copper for purposes of ornamentation, was known in the Stone Age, it is the melting and smelting of copper that marks the end of the Stone Age. In Western Asia, this occurred by about 3,000 BC, when bronze became widespread. The term Bronze Age is used to describe the period that followed the Stone Age, as well as to describe cultures that had developed techniques and technologies for working copper alloys (bronze: originally copper and arsenic, later copper and tin) into tools, supplanting stone in many uses. Stone Age artifacts that have been discovered include tools used by modern humans, by their predecessor species in the ...
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Teesside Gazette
TeessideLive is a regional news website serving the Teesside area of England. The website feeds ''The Gazette'' daily newspaper and the ''Sunday Sun'', England’s best-selling regional Sunday newspaper. Formerly known as ''Teesside Gazette'', the website, mobile app and social media accounts changed to ''TeessideLive'' on 5 June 2018. ''The Gazette'' is the most popular daily newspaper in Teesside, and has been an integral part of life in the area since 1869, when it was founded as the ''North-Eastern Daily Gazette'' by the Scot, and eventual Liberal Member of Parliament for Aston Manor, Hugh Gilzean Reid. It was also at this time, that a first premises were established on Zetland Road, Middlesbrough. Historical copies of the ''Daily Gazette'', dating back to 1870, are available to search and view in digitised form at The British Newspaper Archive. Later The Gazette Media Company Ltd who also publish the free '' Herald & Post'' newspaper. The ''Teesside Gazette'' occupied t ...
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Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed (), sometimes known as Berwick-on-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, south of the Anglo-Scottish border, and the northernmost town in England. The 2011 United Kingdom census recorded Berwick's population as 12,043. The town is at the mouth of the River Tweed on the east coast, south east of Edinburgh, north of Newcastle upon Tyne, and north of London. Uniquely for England, the town is slightly further north than Denmark's capital Copenhagen and the southern tip of Sweden further east of the North Sea, which Berwick borders. Berwick was founded as an Anglo-Saxon settlement in the Kingdom of Northumbria, which was annexed by England in the 10th century. A civil parish and town council were formed in 2008 comprising the communities of Berwick, Spittal and Tweedmouth. It is the northernmost civil parish in England. The area was for more than 400 years central to historic border wars between the Kingdoms of Engla ...
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Ingleby Greenhow
Ingleby Greenhow is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. It is on the border of the North York Moors and south of Great Ayton. The parish of Ingleby Greenhow has records of a John Thomasson de Grenehow, a member of the clergy, who in 1376 "''had to appear before a Commission appointed to be tried with several others for either poaching or cutting down timber, or destroying property belonging to Peter de Malo Luca the 6th, of Mulgrave Castle''". The name may derive from the Saxon for Englishman's green hill. How, derived from the Old Norse word ''haugr'', means hill or mound. The manor was bought by a Scottish courtier David Foulis in 1608. The parish church, St Andrew, was almost entirely rebuilt in 1741, but has an early Norman chancel arch inside. In 1931, British altitude and distance records for gliders were established over the moors near here, as recounted by the novelist, pilot, and aeronautical engineer Nevil Shute in his ...
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Ingleby Arncliffe
Ingleby Arncliffe is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated between the A172 and A19 roads, north-east from Northallerton and south-east from the small market town of Stokesley, and is on the edge of the North York Moors National Park. The village is conjoined to its smaller neighbour, Ingleby Cross. Ingleby Arncliffe lies in the historic county of the North Riding of Yorkshire. History According to ''A Dictionary of British Place Names'', Ingleby is derived from the Old Scandinavian "Englar + by", meaning "farmstead or village of the Englishmen", and Arncliffe, Old English "earn + cliff", meaning "eagles' cliff". Ingleby Arncliffe Grade II* listed Anglican church is dedicated to All Saints. It dates from 1821 but includes 14th-century effigies An effigy is an often life-size sculptural representation of a specific person, or a prototypical figure. The term is mostly used for the makeshift dummies used for ...
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By-laws In The United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, byelaws are laws of local or limited application made by local councils or other bodies, in specific areas using powers granted by the relevant Acts of Parliament, and so are a form of delegated legislation. Some byelaws are also made by private companies or charities that exercise public or semi-public functions, such as airport operators, water companies or the National Trust. Formerly, because byelaws created criminal offences that can be prosecuted in magistrates' courts or Justice of the Peace Courts in Scotland, they had to be approved by central government before they came into force. However, due to the Local Government Byelaws (Wales) Act 2012 and the Byelaws (Alternative Procedure) (England) Regulations 2016, there is a simplified procedure for making new byelaws and amending byelaws, including replacing the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government’s role in confirming byelaws. This is now a matter for the local council conc ...
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Coulby Newham
Coulby Newham is an area in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England, with a resident population of 10,700, measured at 8,967 (Coulby Newham Ward) at the 2011 Census. It is in the TS8 postcode. History Early Coulby Newham began as farmland and this is reflected in the names of many of the streets such as Lingfield, Manor Farm Way and Paddock Wood. 'Colebi' and 'Nieweham', were separate medieval hamlets when identified in the Domesday Book of 1086, formerly covered this site. The agricultural legacy of the area, reminiscent indeed of that of the entire wider Middlesbrough area, is still touched on today by the working Newham Grange Leisure farm, itself harking as far back to life in this particular spot of rural Yorkshire as the 17th century. Modern By the 1970s, Middlesbrough's continual southerly urban expansion reached the area. The area's construction in 1978 was featured in the 1980 BBC TV Play for Today, Alan Bleasdale's "The Black Stuff". It is a blac ...
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