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Iltutmish
Shams ud-Din Iltutmish ( fa, شمس الدین ایلتتمش; died 30 April 1236, ) was the third of the Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi, and is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate. Sold into slavery as a young boy, Iltutmish spent his early life in Bukhara and Ghazni under multiple masters. In the late 1190s, the Ghurid slave-commander Qutb ud-Din Aibak purchased him in Delhi, thus making him the slave of a slave. Iltutmish rose to prominence in Aibak's service, and was granted the important iqta' of Badaun. His military actions against the Khokhar rebels in 1205–1206 gained attention of the Ghurid Emperor Mu'izz ad-Din, who manumitted him even before his master Aibak was manumitted. After Mu'izz ad-Din's death in 1206, Aibak became a practically independent ruler of the Ghurid territories in India, with his headquarters at Lahore. After Aibak's death, Ilt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Razia
Raziyyat-Ud-Dunya Wa Ud-Din ( fa, ) (died 15 October 1240, ), popularly known as Razia Sultana, was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. She was the first female Muslim ruler of the subcontinent, and the only female Muslim ruler of Delhi. A daughter of Mamluk Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish, Razia administered Delhi during 1231–1232 when her father was busy in the Gwalior campaign. According to a possibly apocryphal legend, impressed by her performance during this period, Iltutmish nominated Razia as his heir apparent after returning to Delhi. Iltutmish was succeeded by Razia's half-brother Ruknuddin Firuz, whose mother Shah Turkan planned to execute her. During a rebellion against Ruknuddin, Razia instigated the general public against Shah Turkan, and ascended the throne after Ruknuddin was deposed in 1236. Razia's ascension was challenged by a section of nobles, some of whom ultimately joined her, while the others were defeated. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamluk Dynasty (Delhi)
The Mamluk dynasty ( fa, سلطنت مملوک, Salṭanat Mamlūk) was founded in Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave-general of the Ghurid Empire from Central Asia. The Mamluk dynasty ruled from 1206 to 1290; it was the first of five unrelated dynasties to rule as the Delhi Sultanate until 1526.Walsh, pp. 68-70Anzalone, p. 100 Before the establishment of the Mamluk dynasty, Qutb al-Din Aibak's tenure as a Ghurid dynasty administrator lasted from 1192 to 1206, a period during which he led forays into the Gangetic plain and established control over some of the new areas. History A Mamluk was a soldier of slave origin who had converted to Islam. The phenomenon started in the 9th century and gradually the Mamluks became a powerful military class in various Muslim societies. Mamluks held political and military power most notably in Egypt, but also in the Levant, Iraq, and India. In 1206, Muhammad of Ghor, Sultan of the Ghurid Empire, was assassinated. Since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rukn Ud Din Firuz
Rukn-ud-din Firuz ( fa, رکنالدین فیروز), also transliterated as Rukn al-Din Firoz (died 19 November 1236), was a ruler of Delhi sultanate for less than seven months in 1236. As a prince, he had administered the Badaun and Lahore provinces of the Sultanate. He ascended the throne after the death of his father Iltutmish, a powerful Mamluk ruler who had established the Sultanate as the most powerful kingdom in northern India. However, Ruknuddin spent his time in pursuing pleasure, and left his mother Shah Turkan in control of the administration. The misadministration led to rebellions against Ruknuddin and his mother, both of whom were arrested and imprisoned. The nobles and the army subsequently appointed his half-sister Razia on the throne. Early life Ruknuddin was born to the Delhi Sultan Iltutmish and his wife ''Khudawanda-i-Jahan'' Shah Turkan, who was a hand-maid of Turkic origin. As a prince, he was assigned the iqta' of Badaun in 1228. He administered Bad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruknuddin Firuz
Rukn-ud-din Firuz ( fa, رکنالدین فیروز), also transliterated as Rukn al-Din Firoz (died 19 November 1236), was a ruler of Delhi sultanate for less than seven months in 1236. As a prince, he had administered the Badaun and Lahore provinces of the Sultanate. He ascended the throne after the death of his father Iltutmish, a powerful Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi), Mamluk ruler who had established the Sultanate as the most powerful kingdom in northern India. However, Ruknuddin spent his time in pursuing pleasure, and left his mother Shah Turkan in control of the administration. The misadministration led to rebellions against Ruknuddin and his mother, both of whom were arrested and imprisoned. The nobles and the army subsequently appointed his half-sister Razia Sultana, Razia on the throne. Early life Ruknuddin was born to the Delhi Sultan Iltutmish and his wife ''Khudawanda-i-Jahan'' Shah Turkan, who was a hand-maid of Turkic origin. As a prince, he was assigned the iqta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasir Ad-Din Qabacha
Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha or Kaba-cha ( fa, ناصرالدین قباچه) was the Muslim Turkic Kipchak governor of Multan, appointed by the Ghurid ruler Muhammad Ghori in 1203. Successors of Ghori Ghori had no offspring, but he treated thousands of his Turkic slaves as his sons, who were trained both as soldiers and administrators and provided with the best possible education. Many of his hardworking and intelligent slaves rose to positions of importance in Ghori's army and government. When a courtier lamented that the Sultan had no male heirs, Ghori retorted: "Other monarchs may have one son, or two sons; I have thousands of sons, my Turkic slaves who will be the heirs of my dominions, and who, after me, will take care to preserve my name in the Khutbah (Friday sermon) throughout these territories." Ghori's prediction proved true. After his assassination, his vast empire was divided amongst his Turkic slaves. Most notably: * Qutb ud-Din Aibak became ruler of Lahore in 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutb Complex
The Qutb Minar complex are monuments and buildings from the Delhi Sultanate at Mehrauli in Delhi, India. Construction of the Qutub Minar "victory tower" in the complex, named after the religious figure Sufi Saint Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, was begun by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who later became the first Sultan of Delhi of the Mamluk dynasty (Gulam Vansh). It was continued by his successor Iltutmish (a.k.a. Altamash), and finally completed much later by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a Sultan of Delhi from the Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1412) in 1368 AD. The Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque (Dome of Islam), later corrupted into Quwwat-ul Islam, stands next to the Qutb Minar.Epigraphia Indo Moslemica, 1911–12, p. 13. Many subsequent rulers, including the Tughlaqs, Alauddin Khalji and the British added structures to the complex. Apart from the Qutb Minar and the Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque, other structures in the complex include the Alai Darwaza gate, the Alai Minar and the Iron pillar. The Quwwat ul-Islam M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutub-ud-din Aibak
Qutb ud-Din Aibak ( fa, قطبالدین ایبک), (1150 – 14 November 1210) was a Turkic general of the Ghurid king Muhammad Ghori. He was in charge of the Ghurid territories in northern India, and after Muhammad Ghori's assassination in 1206, he established the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526), and started the Mamluk dynasty, which would rule the Sultanate until 1290. A native of Turkestan, Aibak was sold into slavery as a child. He was purchased by a Qazi at Nishapur in Persia, where he learned archery and horse-riding among other skills. He was subsequently resold to Muhammad Ghori in Ghazni, where he rose to the position of the officer of the royal stables. During the Khwarazmian-Ghurid wars, he was captured by the scouts of Sultan Shah; after the Ghurid victory, he was released and highly favoured by Muhammad Ghori. After the Ghurid victory in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192, Muhammad Ghori made Aibak in charge of his Indian territories. Aibak expanded the Gh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qutb Ud-Din Aibak
Qutb ud-Din Aibak ( fa, قطبالدین ایبک), (1150 – 14 November 1210) was a Turkic peoples, Turkic general of the Ghurid king Muhammad of Ghor, Muhammad Ghori. He was in charge of the Ghurid territories in northern India, and after Muhammad Ghori's assassination in 1206, he established the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526), and started the Mamluk Dynasty (Delhi), Mamluk dynasty, which would rule the Sultanate until 1290. A native of Turkestan, Aibak was sold into slavery as a child. He was purchased by a Qazi at Nishapur in Persia, where he learned archery and horse-riding among other skills. He was subsequently resold to Muhammad Ghori in Ghazni, where he rose to the position of the officer of the royal stables. During the Khwarazmian dynasty, Khwarazmian-Ghurid wars, he was captured by the scouts of Sultan Shah of Khwarezm, Sultan Shah; after the Ghurid victory, he was released and highly favoured by Muhammad Ghori. After the Ghurid victory in the Second Battle of Tar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah, Sultan Of Delhi
Nasir ud din Mahmud Shah (1229/1230 – 19 November 1266, reigned: 1246–1265) was the eighth sultan of the Mamluk Sultanate (Slave dynasty). The Tabaqat-i Nasiri, written by the court historian Minhaj-i-Siraj, is dedicated to him. His father-in-law Ghiyas ud din Balban handled the state affairs during his reign. Early life ''Tabaqat-i Nasiri'', written by the Sultan's court historian Minhaj-i-Siraj, calls him a son (''ibn'') of Iltutmish. According to Minhaj's account, Nasiruddin was born in the year of 626 Hijri (1229-1230 CE), in Delhi's Kasr-Bagh (the Garden Castle). His mother was a concubine ( who later, during his son's reign, was given the title of Malikah-i-Jahan). He was born sometime after the untimely death of Iltutmish's eldest son and heir apparent Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah. Iltutmish named the child after the deceased prince, and sent him and his mother to live in a palace in the Loni (or Luni) village. Isami and Firishta describe the Sultan as a grandson of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).Delhi Sultanate Encyclopædia Britannica Following the invasion of by the , five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the |
Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest Son Of Iltutmish)
Nāṣir ad-Dīn Maḥmūd ( fa, ; r. 1227–1229) was the eldest son of the Delhi Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish and his chief consort Turkan Khatun, (as the court historian Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani clearly mentioned in the Tabaqat-i Nasiri, the only contemporary source of history of that time), the daughter of Qutb ud-Din Aibak. He was, in all probabilities, the full brother of Razia Sultana. He was the governor of Awadh and later served as the governor of Bengal (Preceded by Iwaz Khalji) until his death in 1229. Then in 1230 the son of Iwaz Khalji, Balka Khalji declared himself as independent king of Bengal. Thus in 1231 Iltutmish marched against him and defeated him and made Alauddin Jani as the next governor of Bengal. History When Iwaz Khalji rebelled against Delhi Sultan Iltutmish, he sent his son Nasiruddin Mahmud along with Alauddin Jani to lead an invasion against Iwaz. Iwaz was defeated and killed, and Nasiruddin became the governor of Bengal. He received the title ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aram Shah
Aram Shah ( fa, آرام شاه) (died in June 1211, r. 1210–1211) was the second Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. He briefly held the throne from Lahore after the unexpected death of Qutb ud-Din Aibak before being defeated and dethroned by Iltutmish who began ruling from Delhi. Origins Aram Shah is an obscure figure, and his relationship to his predecessor Qutb al-Din Aibak is not certain. In some manuscripts of Minhaj-i-Siraj's ''Tabaqat-i Nasiri'', the words "bin Aibak" ("son of Aibak") appear after his name in a chapter heading, and later writers believed him to be a son of Aibak. However, the words "bin Aibak" in the headline may have been an erroneous addition made by a scribe. Minhaj-i-Siraj refers to only three daughters of Aibak elsewhere in the text, and Ata-Malik Juvayni's ''Tarikh-i Jahangushay'' explicitly states that Aibak did not have any son. What is known is that he succeeded Aibak in city of Lahore. Reign In 1210, Qutb al-Din Aibak died unexpectedly in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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