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IMP321
Eftilagimod alpha (International Nonproprietary Name, INN; development code IMP321 or efti) is a large molecule, large-molecule cancer drug being developed by the clinical-stage biotechnology company Immutep. Efti is a soluble version of the immune checkpoint molecule LAG3, LAG-3. It is an APC Activator used to increase an immune response to tumors, and is administered by subcutaneous injection. Efti has three intended clinical settings: * as adjuvant to cancer vaccines (in a low, effective dose of ~250 µg) * as Therapy, first-line 'chemo-immunotherapy,' that is, combined with standard chemotherapy (e.g. paclitaxel) * in combination immunotherapy with PD-1 treatments (e.g. pembrolizumab) Eftilagimod alpha is in Phase II clinical testing. Currently, the main indications for the drug are metastatic breast cancer, Non-small-cell lung carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and Head and neck cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Background Eftilagimod a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immutep
Immutep Ltd (formerly Prima Biomed) is a biotechnology company working primarily in the field of cancer immunotherapy using the LAG3 immune control mechanism. The company was originally built on CVac, a therapeutic cancer vaccine. In late 2014 the privately held French immunotherapy company Immutep SA was purchased by Prima Biotech. Prima currently has three main products in its pipeline, all acquired with Immutep: Eftilagimod alpha, (lab name: IMP321) which is recombinant soluble LAG-3, used as an activator of antigen presenting cells. This product has completed a Phase IIa clinical study, where it doubled the expected response rate in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. IMP731, a depleting monoclonal antibody for autoimmune diseases, targeting LAG-3+ activated T cells. This antibody has been licensed to GlaxoSmithKline. IMP701, an antagonist monoclonal antibody to LAG3 for use in cancer. This product has been licensed to Novartis History Immutep (formerly Prima B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antigen-presenting Cell
An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface; this process is known as antigen presentation. T cells may recognize these complexes using their T cell receptors (TCRs). APCs process antigens and present them to T-cells. Almost all cell types can present antigens in some way. They are found in a variety of tissue types. Professional antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells, present foreign antigens to helper T cells, while virus-infected cells (or cancer cells) can present antigens originating inside the cell to cytotoxic T cells. In addition to the MHC family of proteins, antigen presentation relies on other specialized signaling molecules on the surfaces of both APCs and T cells. Antigen-presenting cells are vital for effective adaptive immune response, as the functioning of both cytotoxic and helper T cells is dependent on APCs. Antigen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frédéric Triebel
Frédéric Triebel (born 20 November 1954) is a French immunologist who is best known for his 1990 discovery of the LAG3 immune control mechanism. Triebel worked through the 1990s in a collaboration between Institut Gustave Roussy and Merck Serono to establish LAG-3's mechanism of action in T cells and dendritic cells. In 2001 he founded Immutep SA, a biotech company, to develop the therapeutic potential of LAG3. In 2014 this company was acquired by Prima BioMed, where Triebel remains Chief Scientific and Medical Officer. Early life and education He completed his Doctor of Medicine degree at Poitiers University in 1981 and then a four-year clinical hematology fellowship in Paris hospitals. In 1983, Frédéric Triebel received the Gold Medal of the Paris Medicine University. In parallel, Triebel gained a PhD in Immunology at the University of Paris VI in 1985. His PhD thesis was in the field of immunogenetics, focused on the mechanisms that activate human antigen-specific T-cel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APC Activator
APC Activators (or Antigen-presenting cell activators) are a type of immunotherapy which leverages antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to drive an adaptive immune response. APC Activators are agonists to APC surface-expressed ligands that, when bound, induce the maturation and activation of APCs. Professional antigen-presenting cells – including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells – serve an indispensable role in the adaptive immune response through their unique ability to phagocytose, digest, and present exogenous (circulating) antigens to T cells, facilitating antigen-specific immune responses. __TOC__ Background Professional APCs express MHC class II and CD40 molecules as surface receptors, and can be activated through direct interactions with T cells expressing these receptors' corresponding ligands, LAG-3 and CD40-L, respectively. A third class of receptors that can activate APCs are called toll-like receptors (TLRs); these receptors bind foreign ligands which are stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LAG3
Lymphocyte-activation gene 3, also known as LAG-3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''LAG3'' gene. LAG3, which was discovered in 1990 and was designated CD223 (cluster of differentiation 223) after the Seventh Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigen Workshop in 2000, is a cell surface molecule with diverse biologic effects on T cell function. It is an immune checkpoint receptor and as such is the target of various drug development programs by pharmaceutical companies seeking to develop new treatments for cancer and autoimmune disorders. In soluble form it is also being developed as a cancer drug in its own right. Gene The LAG3 gene contains 8 exons. The sequence data, exon/ intron organization, and chromosomal localization all indicate a close relationship of LAG3 to CD4. The gene for LAG-3 lies adjacent to the gene for CD4 on human chromosome 12 (12p13) and is approximately 20% identical to the CD4 gene. Protein The LAG3 protein, which belongs to immunoglob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merck Serono
Merck Serono (EMD Serono in the United States and Canada) is a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Darmstadt, Germany, and a brand and division of Merck focused on biopharmaceuticals. In September 2006, Merck KGaA announced its intent to purchase the majority of Serono shares from Ernesto Bertarelli and the Bertarelli family. The Merck-Serono merger was announced on 21 September 2006. Merck KGaA and Serono operated as distinct entities until at least January 2007. As of January 5, 2007, Merck held the majority shares of Serono. The new company is called Merck Serono international SA. In 2012, Merck Serono moved its headquarters from Geneva, Switzerland to Darmstadt. Drugs they market include Erbitux, UFT, Rebif, Mavenclad, Novantrone, Gonal, Ovidrel/ Ovitrelle, Zorbtive, Luveris, Saizen, Serostim, Glucophage, Concor and Euthyrox. Raptiva was withdrawn in 2007. In the U.S. and Canada, Merck Serono is known as EMD Serono, as the former Merck subsidiary Merck & Co. h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memory T Cell
Memory T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that might have some of the same functions as memory B cells. Their lineage is unclear. Function Antigen-specific memory T cells specific to viruses or other microbial molecules can be found in both central memory T cells (TCM) and effector memory T cells (TEM) subsets. Although most information is currently based on observations in the cytotoxic T cells (CD8-positive) subset, similar populations appear to exist for both the helper T cells ( CD4-positive) and the cytotoxic T cells. Primary function of memory cells is augmented immune response after reactivation of those cells by reintroduction of relevant pathogen into the body. It is important to note that this field is intensively studied and some information may not be available as of yet. * Central memory T cells (TCM): TCM lymphocytes have several attributes in common with stem cells, the most important being the ability of self-renewal, mainly because of high level of phosphoryl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut Gustave Roussy
Gustave Roussy is the first leader cancer-research hospital in Europe and ranked among the top 3 best specialized hospitals in the world . It is a centre for high quality patient care, research and teaching. It is highly-known for the treatment of (among others): skin cancers like melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer. It provides access to care with many expert doctors who have historically revolutionized the treatment of cancer and contributed to the surge of new molecules in the treatment of cancers and tumors. It is located in the Parisian area. It is named after Gustave Roussy, a Swiss-French neuropathologist. In April 2019, three new interventional radiology rooms were inaugurated, making it the largest platform of this type in Europe, entirely dedicated to oncology. Interventional radiology is a so-called "minimally invasive" diagnostic and treatment technique, which uses images to guide access to deep-lying organs, without having to "open up" patients. Gustave Roussy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemoimmunotherapy
Chemoimmunotherapy is chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. Chemotherapy uses different drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells; immunotherapy uses treatments to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight cancer. A common chemoimmunotherapy regimen is CHOP combined with rituximab (CHOP-R) for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. External links NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms - Definition of chemoimmunotherapy Introduction Cancer therapy has evolved to strategically integrate distinct treatment modalities in order to optimize the chance of cure. Surgery and radiation therapy are used to achieve locoregional control, whereas systemic therapies (chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, molecularly targeted therapies, and adjunctive therapies (bisphosphonates)) are used to control diffuse disease (in hematologic malignancies) or disease that has spread beyond the primary site (in solid tumors). Combination of different therapies in cancer has become a trend, not j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Washington University School Of Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM) is the medical school of Washington University in St. Louis in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1891, the School of Medicine has 1,260 students, 604 of which are pursuing a medical degree with or without a combined Doctor of Philosophy or other advanced degree. It also offers doctorate degrees in biomedical research through the Division of Biology and Biological Sciences. The School has developed large physical therapy (273 students) and occupational therapy (233 students) programs, as well as the Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences (100 students) which includes a Doctor of Audiology (Au.D.) degree and a Master of Science in Deaf Education (M.S.D.E.) degree. There are 1,772 faculty, 1,022 residents, and 765 fellows. The clinical service is provided by Washington University Physicians, a comprehensive medical and surgical practice providing treatment in more than 75 medical specialties. Washington University Physicians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gemcitabine
Gemcitabine, with brand names including Gemzar, is a chemotherapy medication. It treats cancers including testicular cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bladder cancer. It is administered by intravenous infusion. It acts against neoplastic growth, and it inhibits the replication of Orthohepevirus A, the causative agent of Hepatitis E, through upregulation of interferon signaling. Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, liver and kidney problems, nausea, fever, rash, shortness of breath, mouth sores, diarrhea, neuropathy, and hair loss. Use during pregnancy will likely result in fetal harm. Gemcitabine is in the nucleoside analog family of medication. It works by blocking the creation of new DNA, which results in cell death. Gemcitabine was patented in 1983 and was approved for medical use in 1995. Generic versions were introduced in Europe in 2009 and in the US in 2010. It is on the WHO Model List of Essentia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
