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Ixos
''Ixos'' is a genus of passerine birds in the bulbul family (biology), family, Pycnonotidae. Taxonomy and systematics The genus ''Ixos'' was introduced in 1825 by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck to accommodate the Javan bulbul. The genus name is the Ancient Greek for "mistletoe". Some authorities have advocated a complete merger of the genus ''Ixos'' with ''Hypsipetes'' – and even the entire "''Hypsipetes'' group" of bulbuls, which also includes ''Hemixos'', ''Iole (genus), Iole'' and ''Tricholestes''. Being the oldest genus name, ''Ixos'' would apply to all of them, rather than ''Hypsipetes'' as is often believed.Gregory (2000), Pasquet ''et al.'' (2001), Moyle & Marks (2006) This re-classification seems hardly appropriate however, since ''Alophoixus'' and ''Setornis'' cannot be excluded from the "''Hypsipetes'' group", and an all-out merge would turn the resultant "genus" ''Ixos'' into an ill-defined "wastebin taxon". The erroneous inclusion of ''I. viresce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javan Bulbul
The Javan bulbul (''Ixos virescens'') is a songbird species in the bulbul family (biology), family. It is the type species of the genus ''Ixos''.Gregory (2000) It is Endemism, endemic to the island of Java in Indonesia in its natural habitat of subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN. Taxonomy and systematics The Javan bulbul is sometimes classified in the genus ''Hypsipetes'', presumably based on an earlier error in the Sibley taxonomy. The specific name (zoology), specific epithet ''virescens'' was given to the present species by Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1825 and senior homonym, pre-dates the same name as given to the Nicobar bulbul by Edward Blyth in 1845. The olive bulbul has also been given the same scientific binomial, ''Hypsipetes virescens''. Alternate names for the Javan bulbul include the green mountain bulbul, green-backed bulbul, green-winged bulbul, rufous-bellied bulbul, streaked bulbul and streaked mount ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemixos
''Hemixos'' is a songbird genus in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. Taxonomy and systematics Established by Edward Blyth in 1845 for the newly discovered ashy bulbul (''H. flavala''),Gregory (2000) this genus contains four extant species. Some treatments merge the genus into ''Hypsipetes'', often together with the rest of the traditional "''Hypsipetes'' group" of bulbuls: ''Iole'', ''Ixos'', '' Microscelis'' and '' Tricholestes''. But in this case, the closely related genera '' Alophoixus'' and '' Setornis'' would probably also have to be included, and as soon as the earliest described genus, ''Ixos'', is merged with another its name would apply. In fact, ''Hemixos'' is not particularly close to ''Hypsipetes'', and a merger is not well justified. mtDNA NADH dehydrogenase subunits 2 and 3 and nDNA β-fibrinogen intron 7 sequence data puts it closer to (but still well distant from) the streaked bulbul (''Ixos malaccensis''). But whether that species represents the core g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountain Bulbul
The mountain bulbul (''Ixos mcclellandii'') is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is often placed in ''Hypsipetes'', but seems to be closer to the type species of the genus ''Ixos'', the Sunda bulbul.Gregory, Steven M. (2000): Nomenclature of the Hypsipetes Bulbuls (Pycnonotidae). ''Forktail'' 16: 164-166PDF fulltext It is found in Southeast Asia and is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN. It is named after British East India Company Surgeon John McClelland. Taxonomy and systematics The mountain bulbul was originally described in the genus ''Hypsipetes'' in 1840 by Thomas Horsfield. Alternate names for the mountain bulbul include the green-winged bulbul, McClelland's bulbul, McClelland's rufous-bellied bulbul, mountain streaked bulbul, and rufous-bellied bulbul. The common name, 'mountain bulbul', is also used as an alternate name for the Cameroon greenbul. Subspecies Nine subspecies are currently recognized: * ''I. m. mcclellandii'' - ( Hor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streaked Bulbul
The streaked bulbul (''Ixos malaccensis''), or green-backed bulbul, is a songbird species in the bulbul family (Pycnonotidae). It is found on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.BLI (2008) Taxonomy and systematics The current placement of the streaked bulbul in the genus ''Ixos'' is not fixed with any certainty. As the affiliations of the Javan bulbul (the type species of the genus) remain to be re-studied, it is not yet clear if the streaked bulbul should instead be placed in the genus ''Hemixos'' or possibly placed in a new genus.Gregory (2000), Moyle & Marks (2006) Both the alternate name 'green-backed bulbul' and the synonym ''Hypsipetes malaccensis'' are also shared with the eastern bearded greenbul. The name 'streaked bulbul' is also used as an alternate name for the Javan bulbul. Footnotes References * Gregory, Steven M. (2000): Nomenclature of the Hypsipet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicobar Bulbul
The Nicobar bulbul (''Ixos nicobariensis'') is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to the Nicobar Islands. Taxonomy and systematics The Nicobar bulbul was originally described in the genus ''Hypsipetes'' and many authorities continue to classify it as such. The synonym ''Hypsipetes virescens'' is often erroneously used to indicate the Sunda bulbul due to a major taxonomic error committed in the Sibley taxonomy, where ''Ixos virescens'' – the type species of ''Ixos'' – was placed in ''Hypsipetes''. ''Hypsipetes virescens'' has also been used as a scientific name for the Olive bulbul. Description The Nicobar bulbul is a rather drab, nondescript species of about 20 cm in length and without a crest. Its wings, back and tail are dull dusky green; the face is lighter, and the throat and underside are yellowish-white. The most prominent feature is a sooty-brown cap reaching down to eye height.BLI (2009) The Nicobar bulbul produces cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumatran Bulbul
The Sumatran bulbul (''Ixos sumatranus'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ... (Indonesia). References Sumatran bulbul Birds of Sumatra Sumatran bulbul Sumatran bulbul {{Pycnonotidae-stub Endemic fauna of Sumatra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulbul
The bulbuls are members of a family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills. The family is distributed across most of Africa and into the Middle East, tropical Asia to Indonesia, and north as far as Japan. A few insular species occur on the tropical islands of the Indian Ocean. There are 160 species in 32 genera. While different species are found in a wide range of habitats, the African species are predominantly found in rainforest, whereas Asian bulbuls are predominantly found in more open areas. Taxonomy The family Pycnonotidae was introduced by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840 as a subfamily Pycnonotinae of the thrush family Turdidae. The Arabic word ''bulbul'' (بلبل) is sometimes used to refer to the "nightingale" as well as the bulbul, but the English word ''bulbul'' refers to the birds discussed in this article. A few species that were previously considered to be memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnonotidae
The bulbuls are members of a family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills. The family is distributed across most of Africa and into the Middle East, tropical Asia to Indonesia, and north as far as Japan. A few insular species occur on the tropical islands of the Indian Ocean. There are 160 species in 32 genera. While different species are found in a wide range of habitats, the African species are predominantly found in rainforest, whereas Asian bulbuls are predominantly found in more open areas. Taxonomy The family Pycnonotidae was introduced by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840 as a subfamily Pycnonotinae of the thrush family Turdidae. The Arabic word ''bulbul'' (بلبل) is sometimes used to refer to the "nightingale" as well as the bulbul, but the English word ''bulbul'' refers to the birds discussed in this article. A few species that were previously considered to be members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cream-striped Bulbul
The cream-striped bulbul (''Hemixos leucogrammicus'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to western Sumatra (Indonesia). The cream-striped bulbul was originally described in the genus ''Ixos'' and later moved to ''Pycnonotus'', but recent phylogenetic analysis found it as sister to the three ''Hemixos'' species, leading to a genus reassignment. Alternate names for the cream-striped bulbul include the streaked bulbul (not to be confused with '' Ixos malaccensis''), striated bulbul or striated green bulbul (each not to be confused with '' Pycnonotus striatus'') and Sumatran bulbul. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-eared Bulbul
The white-eared bulbul (''Pycnonotus leucotis'') is a member of the bulbul family. It is found in south-western Asia from India to the Arabian peninsula. Taxonomy and systematics The white-eared bulbul was originally described in the genus ''Ixos''. The white-eared bulbul is considered to belong to a superspecies along with the Himalayan bulbul, white-spectacled bulbul, African red-eyed bulbul, Cape bulbul, and the common bulbul. Formerly, some authorities considered the white-eared bulbul to be a subspecies of the Himalayan Bulbul. Subspecies Two subspecies are recognized: * Arabian white-cheeked bulbul (''P. l. mesopotamia'') - Ticehurst, 1918: Found in north-eastern Arabia, southern Iraq and south-western Iran * ''P. l. leucotis'' - (Gould, 1836): Found in southern Iran, southern Afghanistan, Pakistan and north-western India Description and vocalisations The white-eared bulbul is rotund in appearance, and has a brownish-grey body. The tail of this bird is relatively long, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iole (genus)
''Iole'' is a genus of songbirds in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. They are native to tropical eastern Asia, from India to China and south through Southeast Asia to northern Indonesia. Taxonomy and systematics While some older sources merge this genus into ''Hypsipetes'', this is neither advisable nor technically correct. The two genera stand well apart, and to phylogenetically justify their merging, the entire "''Hypsipetes'' group" of bulbuls would need to be united in a single genus. That would include ''Hemixos'', ''Ixos'', '' Microscelis'' and '' Tricholestes'', and probably also ''Alophoixus'' and the monotypic '' Setornis''. The hook-billed bulbul may in fact be the closest living relative to the species in ''Iole'', but altogether the present genus may well be a quite basal lineage of the traditional "''Hypsipetes'' group" of bulbuls, with no particularly close relatives among any of these other genera.Gregory (2000), Pasquet ''et al.'' (2001), Moyle & Marks (2006) Acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Red-whiskered Bulbul
The red-whiskered bulbul (''Pycnonotus jocosus''), or crested bulbul, is a passerine bird native to Asia. It is a member of the bulbul family. It is a resident frugivore found mainly in tropical Asia. It has been introduced in many tropical areas of the world where populations have established themselves. It has a loud three or four note call, feeds on fruits and small insects and perches conspicuously on trees. It is common in hill forests and urban gardens. Taxonomy The red-whiskered bulbul was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his ''Systema Naturae'' under the binomial name ''Lanius jocosus''. The specific epithet is from Latin ''ioculus'' meaning "merry" (from ''iocus'' meaning "joke"). Linnaeus based his description on the ''Sitta Chinensis'' that had been described in 1757 by the Swedish naturalist Pehr Osbeck. Linnaeus specified the location as "China" but this was restricted to Hong Kong and Kwangtung (now Guangd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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