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Isovoacangine
Isovoacangine is a naturally occurring substance that has action on heart muscles in pigs Chemistry Derivatives 3-Hydroxyisovoacangine and 3-(2'-oxopropyl)isovoacangine are derivates of isovoacangine. Natural occurrence It occurs naturally in many ''Tabernaemontana'' (milkwood) species such as ''Tabernaemontana pachysiphon'' and ''Tabernaemontana divaricata''. See also * Voacangine * Tabernanthine * Ibogaline * Vinervine References Indole alkaloids {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabernaemontana
''Tabernaemontana'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. It has a pan-tropical distribution, found in Asia, Africa, Australia, North America, South America, and a wide assortment of oceanic islands. These plants are evergreen shrubs and small trees growing to 1–15 m tall. The leaves are opposite, 3–25 cm long, with milky sap; hence it is one of the diverse plant genera commonly called "milkwood". The flowers are fragrant, white, 1–5 cm in diameter. The cultivar '' T. divaricata'' cv. 'Plena', with doubled-petaled flowers, is a popular houseplant. Some members of the genus ''Tabernaemontana'' are used as additives to some versions of the psychedelic drink ayahuasca; the genus is known to contain ibogaine (e.g. in bëcchëte, ''T. undulata''), conolidine (present in minor concentration in ''T. divaricata'') and voacangine ('' T. alba'', '' T. arborea'', '' T. africana''). Because of presence of coronaridine and voacangine in Mexican ''Tabernae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabernaemontana Pachysiphon
''Tabernaemontana pachysiphon'' grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Its fragrant flowers feature white to pale yellow corolla lobes. The fruit is green, almost spherical, up to in diameter. Its habitat is forests from sea level to altitude. Its numerous local medicinal uses include as a styptic, and as a treatment for headache, hypertension Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms. Long-term high bl ... and to relieve cramps. The species is native to tropical Africa. References pachysiphon Plants described in 1894 Plants used in traditional African medicine Flora of Africa {{Apocynaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabernaemontana Divaricata
''Tabernaemontana divaricata'', commonly called pinwheel flower, crape jasmine, East India rosebay, and Nero's crown, is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to South Asia, Southeast Asia and China. In zones where it is not hardy it is grown as a house/glasshouse plant for its attractive flowers and foliage. The stem exudes a milky latex when broken, whence the name milk flower. Description The plant generally grows to a height of and is dichotomously branched. The large shiny leaves are deep green and about in length and in width. The waxy blossoms are found in small clusters on the stem tips. The (single) flowers have the characteristic 'pinwheel' shape also seen in other genera in the family Apocynaceae such as ''Vinca'' and ''Nerium''. Both single and double-flowered forms are cultivated, the flowers of both forms being white. The plant blooms in spring but flowers appear sporadically all year. The flowers have a pleasing fragrance. More than 66 alkaloids are found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voacangine
Voacangine (12-methoxyibogamine-18-carboxylic acid methyl ester) is an alkaloid found predominantly in the root bark of the ''Voacanga africana'' tree, as well as in other plants such as ''Tabernanthe iboga'', ''Tabernaemontana africana'', ''Trachelospermum jasminoides'', ''Tabernaemontana divaricata'' and ''Ervatamia yunnanensis''. It is an iboga alkaloid which commonly serves as a precursor for the semi-synthesis of ibogaine. It has been demonstrated in animals to have similar anti-addictive properties to ibogaine itself. It also potentiates the effects of barbiturates. Under UV-A and UV-B light its crystals fluoresce blue-green, and it is soluble in ethanol. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Voacangine exhibits AChE inhibitory activity. Docking simulation reveals that it has inhibitory effect on VEGF2 kinase and reduces angiogenesis. Like ibogaine, its a potent HERG blocker in vitro. It also acts as antagonist to TRPM8 and TRPV1 receptor but agonist of TRPA1. Pharmacokinetics The a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabernanthine
Tabernanthine is an alkaloid found in ''Tabernanthe iboga''. It has been used in laboratory experiments to study how addiction affects the brain. Tabernanthine persistently reduced the self-administration of cocaine and morphine in rats. Pharmacology It is kappa opioid agonist (Ki = 0.15 μM) and NMDA receptor (Ki = 10.5 μM) antagonist. Compared to ibogaine, it binds weakly to σ1 and σ2 receptor. See also * Coronaridine * Ibogamine * Voacangine Voacangine (12-methoxyibogamine-18-carboxylic acid methyl ester) is an alkaloid found predominantly in the root bark of the ''Voacanga africana'' tree, as well as in other plants such as ''Tabernanthe iboga'', ''Tabernaemontana africana'', ''Trach ... * Tabernaemontanine * Tabernanthalog References Alkaloids found in Iboga NMDA receptor antagonists Azepines Quinuclidine alkaloids Tryptamine alkaloids {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibogaline
Ibogaline is an alkaloid found in ''Tabernanthe iboga'' along with the related chemical compounds ibogaine, ibogamine, and other minor alkaloids. It is a relatively smaller component of ''Tabernanthe iboga'' root bark total alkaloids (TA) content. It is also present in ''Tabernaemontana'' species such as '' Tabernaemontana australis'' which shares similar ibogan-biosynthetic pathways. The percentage of ibogaline in ''T. iboga'' root bark is up to 15% TA with ibogaine constituting 80% of the alkaloids and ibogamine up to 5%. Chemistry Derivatives Kisantine and Gabonine are thought to be ibogaline's oxidation byproducts. Adverse effect In rodents, ibogaline induces more body tremor and ataxia compared to ibogaine and ibogamine. Among a series of iboga and harmala alkaloids evaluated in rats, the study authors found the following order of potency in causing tremors: * ED50 (μmol/kg, sc): tabernanthine (4.5) > ibogaline (7.6) > harmaline (12.8) > harmine (13.7) > ibogaine (34.8) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vinervine
Vinervine is a monoterpene indole alkaloid of the Vinca sub-group. It is a derivative of akuammicine, with one additional hydroxy (OH) group in the indole portion, hence it is also known as 12-hydroxyakuammicine. History The alkaloids are a large group of natural products which are classified according to the part-structure which members of a particular group contain. Vinervine is a monoterpene indole alkaloid of the Vinca sub-group which shares a common biosynthesis with other members, namely that they are derived from strictosidine. It was first characterised in 1964 and the structures of closely related materials including akuammicine were confirmed in 1983. Natural occurrence Vinervine is found in a variety of plants of the Apocynaceae family, including ''Vinca erecta'', ''Tabernaemontana divaricata'' and several other flowering plants species that are native to Africa, Asia, and Europe. Biosynthesis As with other indole alkaloids, the biosynthesis of vinervine starts fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
