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Islamic State – Somalia Province
Islamic State – Somalia Province or Abnaa ul-Calipha is an affiliate of the Islamic State that primarily operates in the mountainous regions of Puntland, northern Somalia, and has claimed responsibility for multiple attacks across the country. The group first appeared in the latter half of 2015 when pro-Islamic State fighters within Al-Shabaab (militant group), al-Shabaab defected and pledged allegiance to IS caliph Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Led by Sheikh Abdul Qadir Mumin, the group has an estimated 500-700 fighters. ISS remained dormant for a year after its founding but gained attention in 2016 by briefly capturing the port of Qandala. It controls a small, sparsely populated area in northern Somalia’s mountains and was officially recognized by IS leadership as Somalia Province ("Wilayat al Somal") in December 2017. While cells have periodically appeared in southern Somalia and Kenya, the primary area of operations for ISS is the Cal Madow, Al-Madow and Golis Mountains in Puntland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali Civil War (2009–present)
The Somali Civil War (2009–present) (; ) is the List of ongoing military conflicts, ongoing phase of the Somali Civil War which is concentrated in southern and central Somalia. It began in late January 2009 with the present conflict mainly between the forces of the Federal Government of Somalia assisted by African Union peacekeeping troops and Al-Shabaab (militant group), al-Shabaab militants who pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda during 2012. During the insurgency that followed the 2006 War in Somalia (2006–2009), Ethiopian invasion of Somalia, al-Shabaab rose to prominence and made major territorial gains. Several weeks before the end of the military occupation, Islamist insurgents had seized most of the south and Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was on the verge of collapse. In early 2009, Ethiopian troops withdrew from Somalia and former Islamic Courts Union leader Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Sharif Ahmed was elected president TFG, marking a new phase of the civil war. Al-Shaba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puntland
Puntland is an autonomous state that considers itself to be part of Somalia, despite not accepting the legitimacy of Somalia's current governing administration. It was formed in 1998, and was a federal member state of Somalia from its founding until 2024. Puntland is located northeast of Somalia and east of Somaliland. Its capital is the city of Garoowe in the Nugal region. The state had a population of 4,334,633 in 2016. Puntland is bordered by Somaliland to its west, the Gulf of Aden in the north, the Guardafui Channel in the northeast, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, Somalia, more specifically the central Galmudug region in the south, and Ethiopia in the southwest. There are several major geographical apexes in Puntland, including the Cape Guardafui, which forms the tip of the Horn of Africa, Ras Hafun the easternmost place on the entire African continent, and the beginning of the Karkaar mountain range. The name "Puntland" is derived from the Land of Punt me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galgala Campaign
The Galgala campaign was a military campaign autonomous Puntland region of Somalia, that took place periodically from 8 August until 1 October 2014. It was aimed at re-gaining control of the Galgala hills,allafricabr>Somaliland 'Loots' Air Cargo After Plane Makes Emergency Landing 30 December 2010 which had fallen in hands of al-Qaeda-linked al-Shabaab commander Sheikh Mohamed Said Atom and his militia. Background Mohamed Said known as Atom has been involved in smuggling arms from Puntland to al-Shabaab fighters in Southern Somalia and has been implicated in incidents of piracy, kidnapping, and terrorism. Campaign The campaign started on 8 August, in response to an al-Shabaab attack on 26 July which left 2 Puntland soldiers dead. In response to the crackdown, al-Shabaab launched several bombings, targeting civilian centers such as the city of Bosaso. The campaign ended when Puntland forces seized the villages of Dhagah Barur, Dhagahdheer, and Dindigle on 17 October. Dindigle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Said Atom
Sheikh Mohamed Said Atom (, ; born 1966) is a Somali arms-smuggler, faction leader and al-Shabaab commander. On 7 June 2014, Atom surrendered to the Somali government. He is from the Warsangali clan. Al-Shabaab operative An arms-smuggler on both U.S. and U.N. security watch-lists, Atom has been tied to the Al-Qaeda-linked al-Shabaab group of Islamist militants that is waging war against Somalia's Transitional Federal Government. According to a 2008 United Nations Monitoring Group report, he is “aligned with al-Shabaab and may take instructions from Shabaab leader Fu’ad Muhammad Khalaf ‘Shangole.’” Galgala conflict In 2010, Atom's militia was stationed in Galgala, Bari region of Puntland. That same year, he declared war on the autonomous state, announcing on July 28 that: "''We are members of the Shabab, and the Shabab are members of us. We have good contacts. We are united in our objectives."'' On August 8, 2010, Puntland Security Force launched an offensive aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Targeted Killing
Targeted killing is a form of assassination carried out by governments Extrajudicial killing, outside a judicial procedure or a battlefield. Since the late 20th century, the legal status of targeted killing has become a subject of contention within and between various nations. Historically, at least since the mid-eighteenth century, Western thinking has generally considered the use of assassination as a tool of statecraft to be illegal. Some academics, military personnel and officials describe targeted killing as legitimate within the context of self-defense, when employed against terrorists or combatants engaged in asymmetrical warfare. They argue that unmanned combat aerial vehicles (drones) are more humane and more accurate than manned vehicles. Scholars are also divided as to whether targeted killings are an effective counterterrorism strategy. Africa Targeted killings have also been used in Kenya and American intervention in Libya (2015–present), Libya. Somalia and Rwan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambush
An ambush is a surprise attack carried out by people lying in wait in a concealed position. The concealed position itself or the concealed person(s) may also be called an "". Ambushes as a basic military tactics, fighting tactic of soldiers or of criminals have been used consistently throughout history, from ancient warfare, ancient to modern warfare. The term "ambush" is also used in Ambush predators, animal behavior studies, Journalism_genres#Ambush_journalism, journalism, and Ambush marketing, marketing to describe methods of approach and strategy. In the 20th century, a military ambush might involve thousands of soldiers on a large scale, such as at a choke point like a mountain pass. Conversely, it could involve a small irregulars , irregular band or insurgent group attacking a Regular army, regular armed-force patrol. Theoretically, a single well-armed, and concealed soldier could ambush other troops in a surprise attack. In recent centuries, a military ambush can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voice Of America
Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international broadcasting network funded by the federal government of the United States that by law has editorial independence from the government. It is the largest and oldest of the American international broadcasters, producing digital, TV, and radio content in 48 languages for affiliate stations around the world.* * by * Its targeted and primary audience is non-Americans outside the American borders, especially those living in countries without press freedom or independent journalism. VOA was established in 1942, during World War II. Building on American use of shortwave radio during the war, it initially served as an anti-propaganda tool against Axis misinformation but expanded to include other forms of content like American music programs for cultural diplomacy. During the Cold War, its operations expanded in an effort to fight communism and played a role in the decline of communism in several countries. Throughout its operation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopians
Ethiopians are the native inhabitants of Ethiopia, as well as the global Ethiopian diaspora, diaspora of Ethiopia. Ethiopians constitute #Ethnicity, several component ethnic groups, many of which are closely related to ethnic groups in neighboring Eritrea and other parts of the Horn of Africa. The first documented use of the name "Ethiopia" from Greek name , was in the 4th century during the reign of Kingdom of Aksum, Aksumite king Ezana of Axum, Ezana. There were three ethnolinguistic groups in the Kingdom of Aksum; Semitic languages, Semitic, Cushitic languages, Cushitic, and Nilo-Saharan languages, Nilo-Saharan (ancestors of the modern-day Kunama people, Kunama and Nara people, Nara). The Kingdom of Aksum remained a geopolitically influential entity until the Kingdom of Aksum#Decline, decline of its capital — also named Axum — beginning in the 7th century. Nevertheless, the core Aksumite civilization was preserved and continued into the successive Zagwe dynasty. By this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iskushuban District
Iskushuban District () is a district in the northeastern Bari region of Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th .... Its capital lies at Iskushuban. References External links Administrative map of Iskushuban District Districts of Somalia Bari, Somalia {{coord missing, Somalia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Majeerteen
The Majeerteen, (, ; also spelled Majerteen, Macherten, Majertain, or Mijurtin) alternately known as Mohammed Harti, are a Somali sub-clan part of the Harti branch of the Darod, Darod clan. Traditionally, they inhabit extensive territories in the Bari, Somalia, Bari, Nugal, Somalia, Nugaal, and Mudug regions of Somalia, spanning from Bosaso to Garacad, mainly in Puntland state. Additionally, Majeerteen populations are present in southern towns such as Kismayo. Overview The #Majeerteen Sultanates, Majeerteen Sultanates played an important role in the pre-independence era of Somalia. The Majeerteen also held many other significant government posts in the 1960s and 1970s, and continue to play a key role in Puntland state and Somalia as a whole. For the treaty between the Majeerteen and colonial powers, see "treaties". Distribution The Majeerteen are traditionally settled in Somalia's northern regions of Bari, Somalia, Bari, Nugal, Somalia, Nugal and Mudug.Royal African Society, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golis Mountains
The Golis Mountains (Golis range, ) are a mountain range in Somaliland. Also known as ''Qar Golis'', they cut through the Togdheer region, and end near the Gan Libah. The original meaning of Golis Mountains is a mountain range near Golis mountain, but since the Somali Civil War, the entire so-called Karkaar mountains are often referred to as the Golis Mountains. Golis mountains in its original meaning The mountain range near Sheikh is the Golis Mountains in its original sense, and also the Golis Mountains in today's narrower sense. Area In 1898, a map published in ''Two Recent Journeys in Northern Somaliland'' shows the Golis Range as being around 10 degrees north latitude and 44 degrees 30 minutes to 45 degrees 30 minutes east longitude. The ''North-Eastern British Somaliland'' of 1931 lists the area from 45°E to 46°E as the "Golis mountains" and the area near the border with Italian Somaliland as the "Al hills". ''A general survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cal Madow
Cal Madow (also Calmadow, Al Madow, Al Medu, or Al Mado; ; ) is a mountain range in Somalia. It stretches across the area of Sanaag. Its peak sits at almost in Shimbiris, northwest of Erigavo. Cal Madow was a tourist destination in the late 1980s. The local population of the Sanaag region is primarily responsible for preserving the habitat, which continues to face the risk of deforestation. Ecology The dense mountain forest sits at an altitude of between above sea level, and has a mean annual rainfall of . In addition to rainfall, Cal Madow receives additional Precipitation (meteorology), precipitation in the form of fog and winter rains, which sustain isolated forests of ''Juniperus procera, Buxus hildebrandtii'', and others. Mist also appears to be important in the distribution of juniperus (''dayib''), one of the species locals use for timber. For timber production, the buxus (''dhoqos''), buxus and celtis (''boodaar'') poles are cut from living trees in the evergreen fore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
