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Isamu Shiina
is professor of chemistry at Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Japan. He completed his BSc and MSc at TUS, and he joined the group of Prof. Teruaki Mukaiyama at TUS as an assistant professor in 1992. After receiving his PhD from the University of Tokyo (UT) in 1997, he was promoted to lecturer at the TUS, and then appointed to an associate professor (2003) and a full professor (2008). He has received the Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ) Award for Young Chemists (1997), the CSJ Award for Creative Work (2013), and the Commendation for Science and Technology Prizes by the Ministries of Japan (2015). His research interests include the development of useful synthetic methods and the total synthesis of natural products. In particular, the dehydration condensation reaction using 2-Methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride, MNBA (Shiina esterification and Shiina macrolactonization) is suitable for synthesis of unstable molecules and is now being widely used around the world in fields such as pharmace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokyo University Of Science
, formerly "Science University of Tokyo" or TUS, informally or simply is a private research university located in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. History Tokyo University of Science was founded in 1881 as The Tokyo Academy of Physics by 21 graduates of the Department of Physics in the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo (then the Imperial University). In 1883, it was renamed the Tokyo College of Science, and in 1949, it attained university status and became the Tokyo University of Science. The leading character appearing in Japanese novelist Soseki Natsume's novel Botchan graduated from Tokyo University of Science. , it is the only private university in Japan that has produced a Nobel Prize winner and the only private university in Asia to produce Nobel Prize winners within the natural sciences field. Academic rankings Global university rankings Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked Tokyo University of Science in equal 13th place in Japan. Graduate school rankings E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bull
A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species ''Bos taurus'' (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e., cows), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in beef ranching, dairy farming, and a variety of sporting and cultural activities, including bullfighting and bull riding. Due to their temperament, handling requires precautions. Nomenclature The female counterpart to a bull is a cow, while a male of the species that has been castrated is a ''steer'', '' ox'', or ''bullock'', although in North America, this last term refers to a young bull. Use of these terms varies considerably with area and dialect. Colloquially, people unfamiliar with cattle may refer to both castrated and intact animals as "bulls". A wild, young, unmarked bull is known as a ''micky'' in Australia.Sheena Coupe (ed.), ''Frontier Country, Vol. 1'' (Weldon R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teruaki Mukaiyama
was a Japanese organic chemist. One of the most prolific chemists of the 20th century in the field of organic synthesis, Mukaiyama helped establish the field of organic chemistry in Japan after World War II. Education Mukaiyama studied chemistry at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, earning his BSc in synthetic organic chemistry in 1948. He became assistant professor at Gakushuin University in 1953, where he stayed until he received his Ph.D. in synthetic organic chemistry from the University of Tokyo in 1957. Research and career Early work Mukaiyama became an assistant professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1958 and earned his full professorship in 1963. During this time, his main focus was on organophosphorus chemistry. While examining deoxygenation reactions involving phosphines, Mukaiyama found that the mercury(II) acetate employed as a catalyst would react with phosphorus(III) compounds to produce acetic anhydride. This initial example expanded into the concept o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Tokyo
, abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project by the Japanese government. UTokyo has 10 faculties, 15 graduate schools and enrolls about 30,000 students, about 4,200 of whom are international students. In particular, the number of privately funded international students, who account for more than 80%, has increased 1.75 times in the 10 years since 2010, and the university is focusing on supporting international students. Its five campuses are in Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is considered to be the most selective and prestigious university in Japan. As of 2021, University of Tokyo's alumni, faculty members and researchers include seventeen prime ministers, 18 Nobel Prize laureates, four Pritzker Prize laureates, five astronauts, and a Fields Medalist. Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Society Of Japan
The (CSJ) is a learned society and professional association founded in 1878 in order to advance research in chemistry. The mission of the CSJ is to promote chemistry for science and industry in collaboration with other domestic and global societies.Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ) About CSJ/ref> History The organization was modeled after the British Chemical Society. This learned society in London was the precursor of the Royal Society of Chemistry. Like its British counterpart, the Japanese association sought to foster the communication of new ideas and facts throughout Japan and across international borders.Lagowski, J. J. (1991) "A British Sesquicentennial,"''Journal of Chemical Education,'' Vol 68, No. 1, p. 1; acknowledging the sesquicentennial of The Chemical Society in London, which eventually became The Royal Society of Chemistry. Membership was expanded in 1948 in a merger with the Society of Chemical Industry. In 2018 the first woman was announced as president, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministries Of Japan
The or are the most influential part of the executive (government), executive branch of the Government of Japan. Each Ministry (government department), ministry is headed by a Minister of State appointed by the Prime Minister of Japan, Prime Minister. In postwar politics, the posts of ministers have been given to senior legislators, mostly of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), LDP. However, few ministers serve for more than one or two years to develop the necessary grasp of the organisation to become really influential. Thus, most of the power lies within the ministries, with the senior Bureaucrat, bureaucrats. The current 15 Cabinet-level ministries of the Government of Japan include: * the Cabinet Office (Japan), Cabinet Office (内閣府, ''Naikaku-fu'') * 1 Cabinet-level commission (委員会, ''īnkai'') * 2 Cabinet-level Government agency, agencies (官庁, ''kanchō'') * 11 ministries (省, ''shō'') The Board of Audit, Board of Audit of Japan is responsible for e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-Methyl-6-nitrobenzoic Anhydride
2-Methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride is an organic acid anhydride also known as the Shiina reagent, having a structure wherein carboxylic acids undergo intermolecular dehydration reaction, dehydration condensation. It was developed in 2002 by Isamu Shiina, Prof. Isamu Shiina (Tokyo University of Science, Japan). The chemical compound, compound is often abbreviated MNBA. Abstract The reagent is used for synthetic chemical reaction, reactions wherein medium- and large-sized lactones are formed from omega hydroxy acid, hydroxycarboxylic acids via intramolecular ring closure (Shiina macrolactonization). The reaction proceeds at room temperature under Base (chemistry), basic or neutral conditions. This reagent can be used not only for macrolactonization but also for esterification, amide, amidation, and peptide synthesis, peptide coupling. See also * Condensation reaction * Fischer-Speier esterification * Mitsunobu reaction * Shiina esterification * Steglich esterification * Yamaguchi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiina Esterification
Shiina esterification is an organic chemical reaction that synthesizes carboxylic esters from nearly equal amounts of carboxylic acids and alcohols by using aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides as Dehydration reaction, dehydration condensation agents. In 1994, Prof. Isamu Shiina (Tokyo University of Science, Japan) reported an acidic coupling method using Lewis acid, and, in 2002, a basic esterification using nucleophilic catalyst. Mechanism The successive addition of carboxylic acids and alcohols into a system containing aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride and catalyst produces corresponding carboxylic esters through the process shown in the following figure. In acidic Shiina esterification, Lewis acid catalysts are used, while nucleophilic catalysts are used for Shiina esterification under basic conditions. In the acidic reaction, 4-trifluoromethylbenzoic anhydride (TFBA) is mainly used as a dehydration condensation agent. First, the Lewis acid catalyst activates the TFBA, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiina Macrolactonization
Shiina macrolactonization (or Shiina lactonization) is an organic chemical reaction that synthesizes cyclic compounds by using aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides as dehydration condensation agents. In 1994, Prof. Isamu Shiina (Tokyo University of Science, Japan) reported an acidic cyclization method using Lewis acid catalyst, and, in 2002, a basic cyclization using nucleophilic catalyst. Mechanism The slow addition of hydroxycarboxylic acids (seco acids) into a system containing aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride and catalyst produces corresponding lactones (cyclic esters) through the process shown in the following figure. In acidic Shiina macrolactonization, Lewis acid catalysts are used, while nucleophilic catalysts are used for Shiina macrolactonization under basic conditions. In the acidic reaction, 4-trifluoromethylbenzoic anhydride (TFBA) is mainly used as a dehydration condensation agent. First, the Lewis acid catalyst activates the TFBA, and then a carboxyl group in se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Chemists
Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspora, Japanese emigrants and their descendants around the world * Japanese citizens, nationals of Japan under Japanese nationality law ** Foreign-born Japanese, naturalized citizens of Japan * Japanese writing system, consisting of kanji and kana * Japanese cuisine, the food and food culture of Japan See also * List of Japanese people * * Japonica (other) * Japonicum * Japonicus * Japanese studies Japanese studies (Japanese: ) or Japan studies (sometimes Japanology in Europe), is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on Japan. It incorporates fields such as the study of Japanese ... {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Missing (living People)
A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the seasonal tropics, the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar. The Gregorian calendar, or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do the Julian calendars. For the Gregorian calendar, the average length of the calendar year (the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
