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Isaac Péreire
Émile Pereire (3 December 1800, Bordeaux - 5 January 1875, Paris) and his brother Isaac Pereire (25 November 1806, Bordeaux – 12 July 1880, Gretz-Armainvilliers) were major figures in the development of France's finance and infrastructure during the Second French Empire. The Pereire brothers challenged the dominance of the Rothschilds in continental European finance, known at the time as ''haute finance''. Their attempt was temporarily successful, and even though it collapsed in the late 1860s, it contributed to a more developed and vibrant economic landscape. Like the Rothschilds, the Pereires were Jews, but unlike them, they were Sephardi of Portuguese origin. Family The brothers' grandfather was Jacob Rodrigues Pereira, one of the inventors of manual language for the deaf, who was born in Spain and established himself in France in 1741, where he became an interpreter for King Louis XV. Jacob Rodrigues Pereire (as he went by in French) married Miriam Lopès Dias, a Sephard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noémie De Rothschild
Noémie (or Noemie) is a female name of French origin. Retrieved 21 June 2018 Uncommon variant spellings in French include Noémi and Noëmie (same pronunciation). It is the French variation of the biblical Hebrew name Naomi (), which means "good, pleasant, lovely, and wisdom." Variants Notable people named Noémie * Noémie Happart (born 1993), Belgian model and beauty pageant, Miss Belgium 2013 * Noémie Lafrance (born 1973), Canadian-born choreographer * Noémie Lenoir (born 1979), French model and actress * Noémie Lvovsky (born 1964), French film director, screenwriter and actress * Noémie Marin (born 1984), Canadian softball and hockey player * Noémie Merlant (born 1988), French actress and director * Noémie Nadaud (born 1995), French female acrobatic gymnast * Noémie Pérugia (born 1903), French soprano * Noémie Silberer (born 1991), Swiss figure skater See also * Naomi (given name) Naomi or Noemi is a given name in various languages and cultures. Hebrew Naom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaux AOC
Margaux is a wine growing commune and Appellation d'origine contrôlée within Haut-Médoc in Bordeaux, centred on the village of Margaux. Its leading (''premier cru'') château is also called Margaux. It contains 21 cru classé châteaux, more than any other commune in Bordeaux. Geography As well as Margaux itself, the ''appellation'' includes the villages of Cantenac, Arsac, Soussans and Labarde. It is on the left bank of the Gironde. It is the southernmost ''appellation'' in the Médoc (the ''haut'' in ''Haut-Médoc'' refers to the fact that it lies upstream), not far north of Bordeaux itself. To the east is the Landes forest. The soil is the thinnest in the ''Médoc'', with the highest proportion of gravel. (The generally perceived opinion being that poor soil makes good wine.) The gravel provides good drainage. The forest to the west shelters the vines from Atlantic breezes. Margaux contains 1413 hectares of vineyards, making it the second largest ''appellation'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Château Palmer
Château Palmer is a winery in the Margaux AOC, Margaux appellation d'origine contrôlée of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of fourteen ''Troisièmes Crus'' (Third Growths) in the historic Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. The property is situated in the communes Margaux and Cantenac, and its wine is considered to be one of the two most popular Third Growths. Since 1998, the Château has been producing also a second label, not a second wine, ''Alter Ego de Palmer,'' selected from the same quality terroirs, but employing different wine-making techniques and different proportions of grapes, in order to produce an earlier-drinking wine. Some 40% of the estate's production, is now sold as Alter Ego de Palmer. The result has been a significant reduction in the quantity of wine sold as Château Palmer (from nearly 20,000 cases before the introduction of Alter Ego de Palmer to 11,000-12,000 cases currently). The previous second wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SNCF
The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (; abbreviated as SNCF ; French for "National society of French railroads") is France's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffic along with Monaco, including the TGV, on France's high-speed rail network. Its functions include operation of railway services for passengers and freight (through its subsidiaries SNCF Voyageurs and Rail Logistics Europe), as well as maintenance and signalling of rail infrastructure (SNCF Réseau). The railway network consists of about of route, of which are high-speed lines and electrified. About 14,000 trains are operated daily. In 2010 the SNCF was ranked 22nd in France and 214th globally on the Fortune Global 500 list. It is the main business of the SNCF Group, which in 2020 had €30 billion of sales in 120 countries. The SNCF Group employs more than 275,000 employees in France and around the world. Since July 2013, the SNCF Grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemins De Fer Du Midi
The Compagnie des chemins de fer du Midi (. CF du Midi), also known in English as the Midi or Southern Railway, was an early French railway company which operated a network of routes in the southwest of the country, chiefly in the area between its main line – which ran from Bordeaux, close to the Atlantic coast, to Sète on the Mediterranean – and the Pyrenees. The company was established by the Pereire brothers, who thus broke the virtual monopoly held in France by James Rothschild on the slow-paced railway projects taking place in the area of Paris during the 1840s and 1850s. The Rothschild branch of Paris responded by strengthening its grip on the sector with an alliance to the industrialist Talabot. The Pereires in turn founded their financial company Crédit Mobilier. In 1934 the company was merged with the Chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans to become part of the Chemins de fer de Paris à Orléans et du Midi (PO-Midi). In 1856, the Midi completed its rail line from B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banque De France
The Bank of France ( French: ''Banque de France''), headquartered in Paris, is the central bank of France. Founded in 1800, it began as a private institution for managing state debts and issuing notes. It is responsible for the accounts of the French government, managing the accounts and the facilitation of payments for the Treasury and some public companies. It also oversees the auctions of public securities on behalf of the Eugenian Central Bank. Today, it is an independent institution, and it has been a member of the Eurosystem of central banks since 1999. This consists of the European Central Bank (ECB), and the national central banks (NCBs) of all European Union (EU) members. Its three main missions, as defined by its statuses, are to drive the French monetary strategy, ensure financial stability and provide services to households, small and medium businesses and the French state. François Villeroy de Galhau has served as Governor of the Banque de France since 1 Novembe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crédit Mobilier
The Crédit Mobilier (full name Société Générale du Crédit Mobilier, "general company for movable ollateral-backedcredit") was a French banking company created by the Pereire brothers, and one of the world’s most significant and influential financial institutions in the mid-19th century. The Crédit Mobilier had a major role in the financing of numerous railroads and other infrastructure projects by mobilizing the savings of middle class French investors as capital for vast lending schemes. Its operations resulted in vast debts for the countries which accepted its infrastructure loans, and the bank was thus indirectly involved in European encroachment on countries whose governments subsequently defaulted on these loans, not least during the worldwide economic depression of the 1870s. It became a powerful and dynamic funding agent for major projects in France, Europe, North Africa and the world at large. As Napoleon III redeveloped Paris, the Crédit Mobilier speculated o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemins De Fer De L'État
The Chemins de fer de l'État ("State Railways"), often referred to in France as the Réseau de l'État ("State Network"), was an early state-owned French railway company. History The company was established by state order of the Third Republic on 25 May 1878 to take over ten small failing railway companies operating in the area between the rivers Loire and Garonne: *, 777 km, opened 1867; *, 495 km, opened 1865; *Compagnie du chemin de fer d’Orléans à Châlons, 293 km, opened 1873; * Compagnie du chemin de fer d'Orléans à Rouen (Réseau de l'Eure), 338 km, opened 1867; *, 185 km, opened September 1875; *Compagnie des chemins de fer de Maine-et- Loire et Nantes, 91 km, opened February 1877; ; *Compagnie du chemin de fer de Bressuire à Poitiers; *Compagnie du chemin de fer de Saint-Nazaire au Croisic; *Compagnie du chemin de fer de Clermont à Tulle; *Compagnie du chemin de fer de Poitiers à Saumur. Additional acquisitions included: *Compag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemins De Fer De L'Ouest
The Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Ouest (CF de l'Ouest), often referred to simply as ''L'Ouest'' or ''Ouest'', was an early French railway company which operated from the years 1855 through 1909. History Birth of the company The Compagnie de l'Ouest was created in 1855 by the merger of various small railway companies active in the western outskirts of Paris, in Normandy and in Brittany. These were: *Paris à Saint-Germain *Paris à Rouen *Rouen au Havre *Dieppe à Fécamp *Paris à Caen et à Cherbourg *the old Ouest (two lines from Paris to Versailles and Paris–Rennes) Paris à Saint-Germain The Ouest's oldest line (still open to this day) is the line from Paris to Le Pecq, built by Émile Péreire's ''Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Saint-Germain'' and inaugurated on 24 August 1837 by Marie-Amélie, wife of King Louis-Philippe. The line was long and the trip took 30 minutes. Initially greeted with fear and lack of interest, the railway was a success ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conglomerate (company)
A conglomerate () is a multi-industry company – i.e., a combination of multiple business entities operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries. Conglomerates are often large and multinational. United States The conglomerate fad of the 1960s During the 1960s, the United States was caught up in a "conglomerate fad" which turned out to be a form of speculative mania. Due to a combination of low interest rates and a repeating bear-bull market, conglomerates were able to buy smaller companies in leveraged buyouts (sometimes at temporarily deflated values). Famous examples from the 1960s include Ling-Temco-Vought,. ITT Corporation, Litton Industries, Textron, and Teledyne. The trick was to look for acquisition targets with solid earnings and much lower price–earnings ratios than the acquirer. The conglomerate would make a tender offer to the target's shareholders at a princely premium to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin
Barthélemy, or Barthélémy is a French name, a cognate of Bartholomew. Notable people with this name include: Given name * Barthélemy (explorer), French youth who accompanied the explorer de La Salle in 1687 * Barthélémy Bisengimana, Congolese chief of staff to President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire * Barthélemy Boganda (1910–1959), politician and advocate for the independence of Oubangui-Chari, which later became the Central African Republic * Barthélemy d'Herbelot de Molainville (1625–1695), French Orientalist * Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond (1741–1819), French geologist and traveler * Barthélemy Hauréau (Jean-Barthélémy) (1812–1896), French historian and writer * Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin (1796–1864), French social reformer * Barthélémy Thomas Strafforello (1764–1845), French politician. Surname or title * Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy (1821–1904), French archaeologist and numismatist * Auguste-Marseille Barthélemy (1796–186 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
