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Iruñea
Pamplona (; ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Navarre, Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. Lying at near above sea level, the city (and the wider Cuenca de Pamplona) is located on the flood plain of the Arga river, a second-order tributary of the Ebro. Precipitation-wise, it is located in a transitional location between the rainy Atlantic northern façade of the Iberian Peninsula and its drier inland. Early population in the settlement traces back to the late Bronze to early Iron Age, even if the traditional inception date refers to the foundation of by Pompey during the Sertorian Wars circa 75 BC. During Visigothic Kingdom, Visigothic rule Pamplona became an episcopal see, serving as a staging ground for the Christianization of the area. It later became one of the capitals of the Kingdom of Navarre, Kingdom of Pamplona/Navarre. The city is famous worldwide for the Running of the Bulls, running of the bulls during the festival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euskaltzaindia
Euskaltzaindia (; often translated Royal Academy of the Basque Language) is the official academic language regulatory institution which watches over the Basque language. It conducts research, seeks to protect the language, and establishes standards of use. It is known in Spanish as ''La Real Academia de la Lengua Vasca'' (being under the royal patronage of the Spanish monarchy, like the Real Academia Española) and in French as ''Académie de la Langue Basque''. Creation The Euskaltzaindia was established within the context of the Basque Renaissance (''Eusko Pizkundea'', 1876–1936) in the framework provided by the Congress of Basque Studies held in Oñati in 1918, at a time when the Basque language was being proclaimed as a central cultural value to be protected and promoted. Important figures from the 19th century had already demanded the setting-up of an academy in defence of the language (Ulibarri, 1832; Aizkibel, 1856; d'Abbadie and Duvoisin, 1862; Jose Manterola, 188 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Festival Of San Fermín
The festival of San Fermín is a week-long, traditional celebration held annually in the city of Pamplona, Navarre, Spain. The celebrations start at noon on 6 July and continue until midnight on 14 July. A firework (''chupinazo'') starts the celebrations and the popular song is sung at the end. The most known event of the festival is the running of the bulls, which begins at 8 am each day on 7–14 July, but the festival involves many other traditional and folklore, folkloric events. It is known locally as ''Sanfermines'' in Spanish language, Spanish and ''Sanferminak'' in Basque language, Basque and is held in honour of Saint Fermin, the co-patron of Navarre. History Saint Fermín Fermin, Fermín is said to have been the son of a Ancient rome, Roman of Senate of the Roman Republic, senatorial rank in Pamplona in the 3rd century who was converted to Christianity by Saint Honestus, a disciple of Saturnin, Saint Saturninus. According to tradition, he was baptised by Saturninus ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EH Bildu
EH Bildu, short for Euskal Herria Bildu (English language, English: 'Basque Country Gather' or 'Basque Country Unite'), is a Left-wing politics, left-wing, Basque nationalism, Basque nationalist and Separatism, pro-independence federation of political parties in Spain. It is the main political force of the abertzale left in Spain. EH Bildu is active in the Southern Basque Country, Spanish Basque Country, that is, in the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre, Chartered Community of Navarre, as well as in the Treviño enclave of the Burgos Province. In the French Basque Country, it has an alliance with the party Euskal Herria Bai, with the goal of establishing a state for the Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country across the Spanish-French border. History Formation of Bildu Bildu was formed in response to the March 2011 ruling by Supreme Court of Spain, Spain's Supreme Court that banned the registration of a new Basque party calle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipalities Of Spain
The municipality (, , , , , )In other languages of Spain: *Catalan language, Catalan/Valencian (), grammatical number, sing. . *Galician language, Galician () or (), grammatical number, sing. /. *Basque language, Basque (), grammatical number, sing. . *Asturian language, Asturian (), grammatical number, sing. . is one of the two fundamental territorial divisions in Spain, the other being the Provinces of Spain, provinces. Organisation Although provinces of Spain, provinces are groupings of municipality, municipalities, there is no implied hierarchy or primacy of one over the other. Instead the two entities are defined according to the authority or jurisdiction of each (). Some autonomous communities also group municipalities into entities known as ''comarcas of Spain, comarcas'' (districts) or ''mancomunidades'' (commonwealths). The governing body in most municipalities is called ''Ayuntamiento (Spain), ayuntamiento'' (municipal council or municipal corporation, corpora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianization
Christianization (or Christianisation) is a term for the specific type of change that occurs when someone or something has been or is being converted to Christianity. Christianization has, for the most part, spread through missions by individual conversions, but has also, in some instances, been the result of violence by individuals and groups such as governments and militaries. Christianization is also the term used to designate the conversion of previously non-Christian practices, spaces and places to Christian uses and names. In a third manner, the term has been used to describe the changes that naturally emerge in a nation when sufficient numbers of individuals convert, or when secular leaders require those changes. Christianization of a nation is an ongoing process. It began in the Roman Empire when the early individual followers of Jesus became itinerant preachers in response to the command recorded in Matthew 28:19 (sometimes called the Great Commission) to go to all the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Navarre
The Kingdom of Navarre ( ), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost areas originally reaching the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), between present-day Spain and France. The medieval state took form around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. The kingdom had its origins in the conflict in the buffer region between the Carolingian Empire and the Umayyad dynasty, Ummayad Emirate of Córdoba that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (; ), had been the main city of the indigenous Vascones, Vasconic population and was located in a predominantly Basque-speaking area. In an event traditionally dated to 824, Íñigo Arista of Pamplona, Íñigo Arista was elected or declared ruler of the area around Pamplona in opposition to Francia, Frankish expansion into the region, originally as vassal to the Córdoba emirate. This polity evolved into the Kingdom of Pam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Running Of The Bulls
A running of the bulls (, from the verb ''encerrar'', 'to corral, to enclose'; , literally 'haste, momentum'; 'bulls in the street', or 'bull-runner') is an event that involves running in front of a small group of bulls, typically six Fiske-Harrison, Alexander (editor''The Bulls Of Pamplona'' Mephisto Press, 2018 but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on sectioned-off streets in a town, usually as part of a summertime festival. Particular breeds of cattle may be favored, such as the in Spain, also often used in post-run bullfighting, and Camargue cattle in Occitan France, which are not fought. Bulls ( non-castrated male cattle) are typically used in such events. The most famous bull-run is the held in Pamplona during the nine-day festival of Sanfermines in honor of Saint Fermin. It has become a major global tourism event, today very different from the traditional, local festival. More traditional summer bull-runs are held in other places such as towns and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Miller Hemingway ( ; July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer and journalist. Known for an economical, understated style that influenced later 20th-century writers, he has been romanticized for his adventurous lifestyle and outspoken, blunt public image. Some of his seven novels, six short-story collections and two non-fiction works have become classics of American literature, and he was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature. Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. After high school, he spent six months as a reporter for ''The Kansas City Star'' before enlisting in the American Red Cross, Red Cross. He served as an ambulance driver on the Italian Front (World War I), Italian Front in World War I and was seriously wounded by shrapnel in 1918. In 1921, Hemingway moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent for the ''Toronto Star'' and was influenced by the modernist writers and artists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Club Atlético Osasuna
Club Atlético Osasuna (, ''Osasuna Athletic Club''), or simply Osasuna, is a Spanish professional football club based in Pamplona, Navarre. It was founded on 24 October 1920 and plays in La Liga, the top division of Spanish football. The team's home ground is the 23,516-capacity El Sadar Stadium. Osasuna is one of four professional La Liga clubs to be owned by its members with an elected president. Osasuna is the sole Navarrese club to have played in La Liga. Although the club has never won a national trophy, it reached the Copa del Rey final in 2005 and 2023. The club's best league finishes were fourth in 1990–91 and 2005–06. The team's regular home kit is a red shirt with navy blue shorts. "Los Rojillos" or "Gorritxoak" is the club nickname, meaning "The Little Reds". The word "''osasuna''" means "health" in Basque, used in a sense of "strength" or "vigour", which makes Osasuna the only team in La Liga with a Basque name. Their fiercest rivalry is with Real Zaragoza from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Sun Also Rises
''The Sun Also Rises'' is the first novel by the American writer Ernest Hemingway, following his experimental novel-in-fragments '' In Our Time (short story collection)'' (1925). It portrays American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona and watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights. An early modernist novel, it received mixed reviews upon publication. Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes that it is now "recognized as Hemingway's greatest work," and Hemingway scholar Linda Wagner-Martin calls it his most important novel.Meyers (1985), 192 The novel was published in the United States in October 1926, by Scribner's. A year later, Jonathan Cape published the novel in London under the title ''Fiesta''. It remains in print. The novel is a ''roman à clef'': the characters are based on people in Hemingway's circle and the action is based on events, particularly Hemingway's life in Paris in the 1920s and a trip to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Txalaparta (publisher)
Txalaparta is a free and independent Basque publishing house based in Tafalla, Navarra. Founded in 1988 by José María Esparza Zabalegui, it has 1000 published titles to its credit. They publish about 40 books a year, mainly in Basque and Spanish. Their book collections include Basque and world literature, political and historical essays, works of social criticism, classic works in left-wing politics, as well as history encyclopedias. Under the name "Editores Independientes" (Independent Publishers), they collaborate with other publishers such as ERA An era is a span of time. Era or ERA may also refer to: * Era (geology), a subdivision of geologic time * Calendar era Education * Academy of European Law (German: '), an international law school * ERA School, in Melbourne, Australia * E ... in Mexico, LOM in Chile or Trilce in Uruguay. References External links * Publishing companies of Spain Book publishing companies of Spain {{Publisher-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
