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Irene Clyde
Thomas Baty (8 February 1869 – 9 February 1954), also known by the name Irene Clyde, was an English writer, lawyer and expert on international law who spent much of his career working for the Imperial Japanese government. Baty was also an activist for feminism, opposing the concept of a gender binary, and has been described as non-binary, transgender, or as a trans woman, by several modern writers. In 1909, he published ''Beatrice the Sixteenth'', a utopian science fiction novel, set in a postgender society. He also co-edited ''Urania'', a privately circulated feminist gender studies journal, alongside Eva Gore-Booth, Esther Roper, Dorothy Cornish, and Jessey Wade. Biography Thomas Baty was born 8 February 1869, in Stanwix, Cumberland, England. His father was a cabinet-maker, who died when Baty was 7. At school, he was a very gifted student and he was given a scholarship to study at The Queen's College, Oxford. He entered that establishment in 1888, and got his bachelor's de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanwix, Cumberland
Stanwix is a district of Carlisle, Cumbria in North West England. The ward population (called Stanwix Urban) had a population taken at the United Kingdom Census 2011, 2011 census of 5,934. It is located on the north side of River Eden, Cumbria, River Eden, across from Carlisle city centre. Although long counted as a suburb it did not officially become part of the city until 1912 when part of the civil parish of Stanwix became part of the parish, city and municipal borough of County Borough of Carlisle, Carlisle. Further areas were added to the city, which was by then a county borough, in 1934 and 1951. The remaining part of the parish was eventually renamed Stanwix Rural in 1966. Etymology 'Stanwix' means " 'stone wall(s)', v. 'stǣna', 'wag' or 'veggr' 'Stǣna' is Old English and 'veggr' is Old Norse and cognate with Old English 'wag'. Stanwix is built on the site of a Roman Empire, Roman fort known as Uxelodunum or Petriana, the former meaning "high fort". "Dun" is a Celtic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postgenderism
Postgenderism is a social, political and cultural movement which arose from the eroding of the cultural, psychological, and social role of gender, and an argument for why the erosion of binary gender will be liberatory. Postgenderists argue that gender is an arbitrary and unnecessary limitation on human potential, and foresee the elimination of involuntary psychological gendering in the human species as a result of social and cultural designations and through the application of neurotechnology, biotechnology, and Assisted reproductive technology, assistive reproductive technologies. Advocates of postgenderism argue that the presence of gender roles, social stratification, and gender differences are generally to the detriment of individuals and society. Given the radical potential for advanced assistive reproductive options, postgenderists believe that sex for sexual reproduction, reproductive purposes will either become obsolete or that all post-gendered humans will have the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchukuo
Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of (Great) Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China, Manchuria from 1932 until 1945. It was founded as a republic in 1932 after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and in 1934 it became a constitutional monarchy under the ''de facto'' control of Japan. It had limited Diplomatic recognition, international recognition. The area was the homeland of the Manchu people, Manchus, including the emperors of the Qing dynasty. In 1931, Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Japan seized the region following the Mukden Incident. A pro-Japanese government was installed one year later with Puyi, the List of emperors of the Qing dynasty, last Qing emperor, as the nominal regent and later emperor. Manchukuo's government was dissolved in 1945 after the Surrender of Japan, surrender of Imperial Japan at the End of World War II in Asia, end of World War II. The territories claimed by Manc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva Naval Conference
The Geneva Naval Conference was a conference held to discuss naval arms limitation, held in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1927. The aim of the conference was to extend the existing limits on naval construction which had been agreed in the Washington Naval Treaty. The Washington Treaty had limited the construction of battleships and aircraft carriers, but had not limited the construction of cruisers, destroyers or submarines. Background In February 1927, President Calvin Coolidge issued a call to the Big Five Powers to meet in Geneva to confront the issue of naval rivalries, as a result of discussions about naval arms limitations at League of Nations disarmament meetings. Britain and Japan accepted the invitation, but France and Italy (the other nations which had signed the Washington Treaty) declined. The Washington Treaty had defined a ratio of 5:5:3:1.75:1.75 in the strength of capital ships (battleships and battlecruisers) between Britain, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Theater of the Second World War. The beginning of the war is conventionally dated to the Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937, when a dispute between Japanese and Chinese troops in Peking escalated into a full-scale invasion. Some Chinese historians believe that the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 18 September 1931 marks the start of the war. This full-scale war between the Chinese and the Empire of Japan is often regarded as the beginning of World War II in Asia. China fought Japan with aid from Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, United Kingdom and the United States. After the Japanese attacks on Malaya and Pearl Harbor in 1941, the war merged with other conflicts which are generally categorized under those conflicts of World War II a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Willard Denison
Henry Willard Denison (May 11, 1846 – July 3, 1914) was an American diplomat and lawyer, active in Meiji period Japan. Biography Denison was born in Guildhall, Vermont, and spent his early years at Lancaster, New Hampshire. He was a graduate of Columbia University, and went to George Washington University to study law in 1868, but did not graduate before he left for Japan in 1869 while working as a clerk for the Revenue and Customs Department in Washington D.C. In an 1875 letter he indicates he worked in the U.S. Treasury Department from 1864-1869. In 1869, Denison was appointed Vice Consul at the United States Consulate at Yokohama, Japan, where his duties were primarily to serve as public prosecutor in the consulate court. At the time, the Japanese government's jurisdiction over foreigners in Japan was limited by the extraterritoriality provisions of the unequal treaties. On July 14, 1875, he wrote U.S. Minister John A. Bingham, whom he and his wife knew well, indicating th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokyo Imperial University
, abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project by the Japanese government. UTokyo has 10 faculties, 15 graduate schools and enrolls about 30,000 students, about 4,200 of whom are international students. In particular, the number of privately funded international students, who account for more than 80%, has increased 1.75 times in the 10 years since 2010, and the university is focusing on supporting international students. Its five campuses are in Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is considered to be the most selective and prestigious university in Japan. As of 2021, University of Tokyo's alumni, faculty members and researchers include seventeen prime ministers, 18 Nobel Prize laureates, four Pritzker Prize laureates, five astronauts, and a Fields Medalist. Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grotius Society
The Grotius Society was a British society founded in 1915 during World War I. In 1958, it was dissolved on the merger with the Society of Comparative Legislation, founded in 1895, to form the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. The society's objectives were "''to afford facilities for discussion of the Laws of War and Peace, and for interchange of opinions regarding their operation, and to make suggestions for their reform, and generally to advance the study of international law.''"C. P. IlbertReview: The Grotius Society — Problems of the War by Grotius Society ''Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation'', New Ser., Vol. 16, No. 2 (1916), pp. 381–383. Members had to be British subjects, but the society undertook work for the International Law Association. Transactions of the Grotius Society Minutes and other notes from the meetings of the Grotius Society were kept and later published on behalf of the Society of Comparative Legislation under the ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jessey Wade
Jessey Wade (2 December 1859 – 1952) was an English suffragist and campaigner for animal welfare, known for founding the Cats Protection League (now known as Cats Protection). She co-founded a number of other animal welfare organisations and helped create and was editor of the feminist gender studies journal ''Urania (journal), Urania''. Life and work Wade was friends with fellow animal welfare campaigner Ernest Bell (activist), Ernest Bell and worked for him as a personal secretary until his death in 1933. As members of the Animals' Friend Society, Bell edited the journal ''The Animals' Friend'' and Wade became editor, after Edith Carrington, of its sister journal intended for children, ''The Little Animals' Friend''. Wade published a number of pamphlets as part of the society's A. F. pamphlet series, including ''Cruelties in Dress'', ''Mother Love in the Animal World'', ''Fur Coats'', ''Hats and the Woman'', ''Little Father Christmas'' and ''Winter Cruelties''. Wade was Hon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorothy Cornish
Dorothy Helen Cornish (1 October 1870 – 7 October 1945) was an English Montessori educator, suffragist, translator, writer and editor of the feminist gender studies journal ''Urania''. Biography Cornish was born in Sixhills, Lincolnshire on 1 October 1870. Her father was Rev. Frank Fortescue Cornish, who was H.M. Inspector of Schools. She moved with her family to Manchester at the age of six for her father's work. Cornish worked as a Montessori educator and acted as interpreter for Maria Montessori for many of her English courses. Cornish was a member of the Aëthnic Union, along with Eva Gore-Booth, Esther Roper, Thomas Baty and Jessey Wade. In 1916, they co-founded the feminist journal ''Urania'' and she contributed as editor. Cornish opposed children being indoctrinated into gender roles. She moved to Siena in around 1895 and spent most of her life in Italy, where she continued her work as co-editor of ''Urania''. In 1914, she signed the Open Christmas Letter along wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esther Roper
Esther Roper (4 August 1868 – 28 April 1938) was an Irish-English suffragist and social justice campaigner who fought for equal employment and voting rights for working-class women. Early life and education Esther Roper was born near Chorley, Lancashire, on 4 August 1868. She was the daughter of Edward Roper, a factory hand who later became a missionary, and Annie Roper, the daughter of Irish immigrants. She was educated by the Church Missionary Society. She was one of the first women to study for a degree at Owens College in Manchester. In 1886 she was admitted as part of a trial scheme to establish whether females could study without harm to their mental or physical health. In 1897 with fellow student Marion Ledward, she founded and edited ''Iris'', a newsletter for female students. Issued twice yearly until 1894 the publication highlighted issues impacting on women’s education, and encouraged networking between current and former students. In 1891 Roper graduated from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
%2C_Edith_Palliser_(Left)%2C_Mrs._Blaxter_(Right).jpg "Click for more on -> Esther Roper")