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Irenangelus Luzonensis
''Ireangelus'' is a genus of Cleptoparasitism, kleptoparasitic spider wasps from the sub-family Ceropalinae of the family Pompilidae. The genus has a pan tropical distribution, being known from Oriental, Neotropical, Australian, eastern Palearctic, and Madagascar, Madagascan Zoogeography, Zoogeographic regions being best represented in the Neotropics. ''Irenangelus'' is closely related to the more widespread genus ''Ceropales'', the two genera forming a monophyletic subfamily, Ceropalinae within the Pompilidae. This is regarded as the most basal grouping of the Pompilidae but this view is problematic because of the kleptoparasitic life history of the Ceropalines, it is now considered that they Ceropalines and other pompilids evolved from a common ectoparasitoid ancestor. Biology In the Philippines species of ''Irenangelus'' are known to be kleptoparasites of ''Auplopus nyemitawa'' and ''Tachypompilus analis'', and ''I. eberlmrdi'' is a kleptoparasite of ''Auplopus semialatus''. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleptoparasitism
Kleptoparasitism (etymologically, parasitism by theft) is a form of feeding in which one animal deliberately takes food from another. The strategy is evolutionarily stable when stealing is less costly than direct feeding, which can mean when food is scarce or when victims are abundant. Many kleptoparasites are arthropods, especially bees and wasps, but including some true flies, dung beetles, bugs, and spiders. Cuckoo bees are specialized kleptoparasites which lay their eggs either on the pollen masses made by other bees, or on the insect hosts of parasitoid wasps. They are an instance of Emery's rule, which states that insect social parasites tend to be closely related to their hosts. The behavior occurs, too, in vertebrates including birds such as skuas, which persistently chase other seabirds until they disgorge their food, and carnivorous mammals such as spotted hyenas and lions. Other species opportunistically indulge in kleptoparasitism. Strategy Kleptoparasitism is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
