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Iranian Folklore
Iranian folklore encompasses the folklore, folk traditions that have evolved in Greater Iran. Oral legends Folktales Storytelling has an important presence in Iranian culture. In classical Iran, minstrels performed for their audiences at royal courts and in public theaters. A minstrel was referred to by the Parthian Empire, Parthians as gusans, in Parthian language, Parthian, and by the Sasanian Empire, Sasanians as in Middle Persian. Since the time of the Safavid dynasty, storytellers and poetry reading, poetry readers have appeared at coffeehouses. The following are a number of folktales known to the people of Iran: * ("Rolling Pumpkin") * (:fa:ماهپیشانی, fa) ("Moon-brow") * The Love for Three Oranges (fairy tale)#Iran, ("Bitter Orange and Bergamot Orange") * ("Old Woman's Cold"), a period in the month of Esfand, at the end of winter, during which an old woman's flock is not impregnated. She goes to Moses and asks for an extension of the cold winter days, so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folklore
Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture. This includes oral traditions such as Narrative, tales, myths, legends, proverbs, Poetry, poems, jokes, and other oral traditions. This also includes material culture, such as traditional building styles common to the group. Folklore also encompasses customary lore, taking actions for folk beliefs, including folk religion, and the forms and rituals of celebrations such as Christmas, weddings, folk dances, and Rite of passage, initiation rites. Each one of these, either singly or in combination, is considered a Cultural artifact, folklore artifact or Cultural expressions, traditional cultural expression. Just as essential as the form, folklore also encompasses the transmission of these artifacts from one region to another or from one generation to the next. Folklore is not something one can typically gain from a formal school curriculum or study in the fine arts. Instead, thes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Wolf And The Seven Young Goats
"The Wolf and the Seven Young Goats" () is a fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm and published in Grimm's Fairy Tales (KHM 5). It is of Aarne-Thompson type 123 "The Wolf and the Kids". Origin The story was published by the Brothers Grimm in the first edition of ''Kinder- und Hausmärchen'' in 1812. Their source was the Hassenpflug family from Hanau. A similar tale, "The Wolf and the Kids", has been told in the Middle East and parts of Europe, and probably originated in the first century. Synopsis A mother goat leaves her seven children at home while she ventures into the forest to find food. Before she leaves, she warns her young about the wolf who will try to sneak into the house and gobble them up. He will pretend to be their mother and convince the kids to open the door. The young children will be able to recognize their true mother by her white feet and sweet voice. The mother goat leaves and the seven kids stay in the house. Before long, they hear a voice at the do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samak-e Ayyar
Samak-e Ayyar () is an ancient Persian romantic folklore story. Samak-e Ayyar was transmitted orally for an unknown time period, then was transcribed around the 12th century. It was published in 1968 in Iran. Samak-e Ayyar belongs to the Persian literary genre of popular romance. Plot Samak-e Ayyar is about the prince Khorshid-shāh, the son of Marzbān-shāh. At age 16, Khorshid-shāh falls in love with Mah-pari, princess of Kingdom of Chin (today part of China). He decides to journey to Chin to join her. Khorshid-shāh receives help from a group of ''ʿayyārān'' "knights-errant" who are followers of javānmardī or futuwwa principles. Samak, the main protagonist, is an ʿayyār who becomes Khorshid-shāh's best friend and helps him on his quest. The ending of the ''Samak-e ʿAyyar'' has been lost. Background The only extant copy of Samak-e Ayyar is an illustrated manuscript preserved in three volumes (Ouseley 379, 380, 381) in the Bodleian library in Oxford. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One Thousand And One Nights
''One Thousand and One Nights'' (, ), is a collection of Middle Eastern folktales compiled in the Arabic language during the Islamic Golden Age. It is often known in English as ''The Arabian Nights'', from the first English-language edition (), which rendered the title as ''The Arabian Nights' Entertainments''. The work was collected over many centuries by various authors, translators, and scholars across West Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, and North Africa. Some tales trace their roots back to ancient and medieval Arabic, Persian, and Mesopotamian literature. Most tales, however, were originally folk stories from the Abbasid and Mamluk eras, while others, especially the frame story, are probably drawn from the Pahlavi Persian work (, ), which in turn may be translations of older Indian texts. Common to all the editions of the ''Nights'' is the framing device of the story of the ruler Shahryar being narrated the tales by his wife Scheherazade, with one tale told ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nizami Ganjavi
Nizami Ganjavi (; c. 1141 – 1209), Nizami Ganje'i, Nizami, or Nezāmi, whose formal name was Jamal ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Ilyās ibn-Yūsuf ibn-Zakkī,Mo'in, Muhammad(2006), "Tahlil-i Haft Paykar-i Nezami", Tehran.: p. 2: Some commentators have mentioned his name as “Ilyas the son of Yusuf the son of Zakki the son of Mua’yyad” while others have mentioned that Mu’ayyad is a title for Zakki. Mohammad Moin, rejects the first interpretation claiming that if it were to mean 'Zakki son of Muayyad' it should have been read as 'Zakki i Muayyad' where izafe (-i-) shows the son-parent relationship but here it is 'Zakki Muayyad' and Zakki ends in silence/stop and there is no izafe (-i-). Some may argue that izafe is dropped due to meter constraints but dropping parenthood izafe is very strange and rare. So it is possible that Muayyad was a sobriquet for Zaki or part of his name (like Muayyad al-Din Zaki). This is supported by the fact that later biographers also state Yusuf was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eskandar-nāme
The ''Iskandarnameh'' (''Book of Alexander''),' is the oldest Persian recension of the '' Alexander Romance'' tradition, anonymous and dated to some time between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries, although recently its compilation has been placed in the eleventh century by Evangelos Venetis, during the reign of Mahmud of Ghazni in the court of the Ghaznavid Empire. Alexander is described as a Muslim king and prophet and is identified with the conqueror named Dhu al-Qarnayn in the Quran. This identification is also witnessed in the Arabic recensions of the Alexander romance, such as the Qissat al-Iskandar and the Qissat Dhulqarnayn. As such, he is double-horned and builds the famous Gates of Alexander against Gog and Magog. The composition of the ''Iskandarnameh'' was influenced by earlier Persian compositions, such as the ''Shahnameh'' of Ferdowsi. Manuscripts The ''Iskandarnameh'' is known through one manuscript, located in the private collection of Sa‘īd Nafīsī in Teh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darius III Of Persia
Darius III ( ; ; – 330 BC) was the thirteenth and last Achaemenid King of Kings of Persia, reigning from 336 BC to his death in 330 BC. Contrary to his predecessor Artaxerxes IV Arses, Darius was a distant member of the Achaemenid dynasty. During his early career, he was reportedly an obscure figure among his peers and first rose to prominence during the Cadusian expedition of Artaxerxes III in the 350s BC. As a reward for his bravery, he was given the Satrapy of Armenia. Around 340 BC, he was placed in charge of the royal "postal service," a high-ranking position. In 338 BC, Artaxerxes III met an abrupt end after being poisoned by the court eunuch and chiliarch (''hazahrapatish'') Bagoas, who installed Artaxerxes' youngest son Arses on the throne. He only reigned for a few years, until Bagoas had him poisoned as well. Darius was subsequently installed on the throne and soon forced Bagoas to drink his poison after discovering that the eunuch had planned to poison him as we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander The Great
Alexander III of Macedon (; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II of Macedon, Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20 and spent most of his ruling years conducting Wars of Alexander the Great, a lengthy military campaign throughout West Asia, Western Asia, Central Asia, parts of South Asia, and ancient Egypt, Egypt. By the age of 30, he had created one of the List of largest empires, largest empires in history, stretching from History of Greece, Greece to northwestern History of India, India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders. Until the age of 16, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle. In 335 BC, shortly after his assumption of kingship over Macedon, he Alexander's Balkan campaign, campaigned in the Bal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darab Nama
The ''Darab-nama'' () (Book of Daaraab) is a Persian prose romance, written by the 12th-century writer Abu Tahir Tarsusi, in which the adventures of the Kayanid Iranian King Darab are recounted. Author Not much is known about the author. His full name is given as Abu Taher Mohammad ben Hasan ben 'Ali ben Musa Tarsusi (or Tartusi). Story The story, written in prose, is about the adventures of the legendary king Darab, the son of Bahman, and Homay. Homay is the daughter of king Sam Čarash of Egypt and gives birth to Darab, but he sets him afloat in a box on the Euphrates. By the age of 13, Darab had already proven his power and youth. He is told by the launderer that he was a foundling and sets out to find his true parents. Finally, he meets his mother and they are reconciled. However, it was not yet time for Darab to assume the throne, so he sets off on series of adventures in the land and sea. In Oman, he falls in love with queen Tamrusia who was widowed and was of Greek or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naser Al-Din Shah Qajar
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (; ; 17 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated. During his rule there was internal pressure from the people of Iran, as well as external pressure from the British empire and the Russian empire. He granted many concessions, most importantly the Reuter concession and the Tobacco concession. He allowed the establishment of newspapers in the country and made use of modern forms of technology such as telegraph, photography and also planned concessions for railways and irrigation works. Despite his modernizing reforms on education, his tax reforms were abused by people in power, and the government was viewed as corrupt and unable to protect commoners from abuse by the upper classes which led to increasing anti-governmental sentiments. He was assassinated when visiting a shrine in Rayy near Tehran. He was the first modern Iranian monarch who formally visited Europe and wrote of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amir Arsalan
''Amir Arsalan-e Namdar'' () is a popular Persian epic, which was told to Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, the Qajar Shah of Persia in the 19th century (though the Persian legend itself is much older), by a storyteller named Mohammad Ali Naqib ol-Mamalek (). Mohammad never transcribed the poem himself, but Fachr-ed-Douleh, the daughter of the Shah—who also loved the story—eventually transcribed it and preserved it for posterity. English Translations In 2019, Aziz Ansary published an English translation of the epic to Kindle and Paperback available on Amazon titled ''Amir Arsalan Rumi and Princess Ferokh Legha''.The translation contains pictures of illustrations from some prior version of the story. It is not an unaltered translation, as the author states in the preface that he has added "many additional texts and verses added to make the story more interesting,". The title page also includes "Rendered and Retold by Aziz Ansary". In 2020, Dariush Ahmadzadeh Rezvani published " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
