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Intraflagellar Transport
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a bidirectional motility along axoneme microtubules that is essential for the formation (ciliogenesis) and maintenance of most eukaryotic cilia and flagella. It is thought to be required to build all cilia that assemble within a membrane projection from the cell surface. ''Plasmodium falciparum'' cilia and the sperm flagella of Drosophila are examples of cilia that assemble in the cytoplasm and do not require IFT. The process of IFT involves movement of large protein complexes called IFT particles or trains from the cell body to the ciliary tip and followed by their return to the cell body. The outward or anterograde movement is powered by kinesin-2 while the inward or retrograde movement is powered by cytoplasmic dynein 2/1b. The IFT particles are composed of about 20 proteins organized in two subcomplexes called complex A and B. IFT was first reported in 1993 by graduate student Keith Kozminski while working in the lab of Dr. Joel Rosenbaum at Yal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microtubule Motors
Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoplasm of cells. They convert chemical energy into mechanical work by the hydrolysis of ATP. Flagellar rotation, however, is powered by a proton pump. Cellular functions Motor proteins are the driving force behind most active transport of proteins and vesicles in the cytoplasm. Kinesins and cytoplasmic dyneins play essential roles in intracellular transport such as axonal transport and in the formation of the spindle apparatus and the separation of the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Axonemal dynein, found in cilia and flagella, is crucial to cell motility, for example in spermatozoa, and fluid transport, for example in trachea. The muscle protein myosin "motors" the contraction of muscle fibers in animals. Diseases associated with motor protein defects The importance of motor proteins in cells becomes evident when they fail to fulfill their function. For example, kinesin deficiencies ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IFT74
Intraflagellar transport protein 74 homolog (IFT74), also known as coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 (CCDC2) and capillary morphogenesis gene 1 protein (CMG1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IFT74'' gene. BCMG1 is upregulated by umbilical vein endothelial cells The endothelium is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel ... during capillary morphogenesis. References Further reading * * * * {{gene-9-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IFT80
Intraflagellar transport protein 80 homolog (IFT80), also known as WD repeat-containing protein 56, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IFT80'' gene. Function IFT80 is part of the intraflagellar transport complex B and is necessary for the function of motile and sensory cilia. Clinical significance Mutations in the ''IFT80'' gene are associated with asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia (ATD), also known as Jeune syndrome, is a rare inherited bone growth disorder (autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia) that primarily affects the thoracic region. It was first described in 1955 by the French ped .... References Further reading * * * * * {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IFT81
Intraflagellar transport protein 81 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IFT81'' gene. Together with IFT74/72 it forms a core complex to build IFT particles which are required for cilium formation. Additionally, it interacts with basal body components as CEP170 Centrosomal protein 170kDa, also known as CEP170, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CEP170'' gene. Function The product of this gene is a component of the centrosome, a non-membraneous organelle that functions as the major microt ... which regulates the disassembly of the cilium. References Further reading * * * * * * {{gene-12-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IFT88
Intraflagellar transport protein 88 homolog is a protein that is encoded by the ''IFT88'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR) family. Mutations of a similar gene in mouse can cause polycystic kidney disease. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. In 2012 a mutation was found to be responsible for a novel form of ciliopathy and anosmia in humans capable of remedy in mice by adenoviral mediated gene therapy. Interactions IFT88 has been shown to interact with BAT2 and WDR62. WDR62 is required for IFT88 localization to the cilia basal body and the cilia axoneme An axoneme, also called an axial filament is the microtubule-based cytoskeletal structure that forms the core of a cilium or flagellum. Cilia and flagella are found on many cells, organisms, and microorganisms, to provide motility. The axo .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * {{ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
