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International Petroleum Company
International Petroleum Company, Ltd. (IPC) was a subsidiary of Standard Oil of New Jersey, based in Toronto, Canada. It began operating in Peru in 1914 to replace the British ''London Pacific Petroleum Company'', and was active until 1969. In that country, it exploited the La Brea and Pariñas field (among others), establishing its processing centre and refinery in Talara for the production of petroleum derivatives. History The company was the protagonist of a strong scandal when it refused to pay the full amount of taxes to which it was obliged, according to the Peruvian State. It even achieved advantageous exceptions thanks to successive pro-American governments. In August 1968, during the first government of Fernando Belaúnde, the "Act of Talara" was signed, by which the IPC returned the oil fields to the Peruvian State, but preserved the Talara Refinery and the fuel distribution network. Shortly after, the so-called "page eleven scandal" broke out, surrounding an alle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasoline
Gasoline (; ) or petrol (; ) (see ) is a transparent, petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. On average, U.S. refineries produce, from a barrel of crude oil, about 19 to 20 gallons of gasoline; 11 to 13 gallons of distillate fuel (most of which is sold as diesel fuel); and 3 to 4 gallons of jet fuel. The product ratio depends on the processing in an oil refinery and the crude oil assay. A barrel of oil is defined as holding 42 US gallons, which is about 159 liters or 35 imperial gallons. The characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to resist igniting too early (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane rating, which is produced in several grades. Tetraethyl lead and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernando Belaúnde
Fernando Sergio Marcelo Marcos Belaúnde Terry (October 7, 1912 – June 4, 2002) was a Peruvian politician who twice served as President of Peru (1963–1968 and 1980–1985). Deposed by a military coup in 1968, he was re-elected in 1980 after twelve years of military rule. Early life and education The second of four children, Belaúnde was born in Lima into an aristocratic family of Spanish forebears: his father, Rafael Belaúnde Diez Canseco (1886–1972), a professor, served as Prime Minister under José Bustamante y Rivero; his paternal grandfather, Mariano Andrés Belaunde, was a Finance Minister; and one of his great-grandfathers, Pedro Diez Canseco, was also President of the Republic. He attended the Sagrados Corazones Recoleta in Lima.Novak, Fabián. ''Las relaciones entre el Perú y Alemania, 1828–2003'' (Serie Política exterior peruana). Fondo Editorial PUCP, 2004. , 9789972426346. p45 During the dictatorship of Augusto B. Leguía, the perse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1968 In Peru
The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * January 10 – John Gorton is sworn in as 19th Prime Minister of Australia, taking over from John McEwen after being elected leader of the Liberal Party the previous day, following the disappearance of Harold Holt. Gorton becomes the only Senator to become Prime Minister, though he immediately transfers to the House of Representatives through the 1968 Higgins by-election in Holt's vacant seat. * January 15 – The 1968 Belice earthquake in Sicily kills 380 and injures around 1,000. * January 21 ** Vietnam War: Battle of Khe Sanh – One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins, ending on April 8. ** 1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash: A U.S. B-52 Stratofortress crashes in Greenland, discharging 4 nuclear bombs. * Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1914 In Peru
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line. Events January * January 1 – The St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line in the United States starts services between St. Petersburg and Tampa, Florida, becoming the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with Tony Jannus (the first federally-licensed pilot) conveying passengers in a Benoist XIV flying boat. Abram C. Pheil, mayor of St. Petersburg, is the first airline passenger, and over 3,000 people witness the first departure. * January 11 – The Sakurajima volcano in Japan begins to erupt, becoming effusive after a very large eart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
