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Interessengemeinschaft Für Rundfunkschutzrechte
The Interessengemeinschaft für Rundfunkschutzrechte GmbH Schutzrechtsverwertung & Co. KG. ("IGR GmbH") is a patent holding company established by leading German radio and TV set manufacturers. In the early 1980s the IGR GmbH got widely known for trying to restrict access of Japanese electronics companies to the German TV set market by way of patent licenses. At that time, a standard for providing stereophonic TV sound had been developed by the Institut für Rundfunktechnik The Institut für Rundfunktechnik GmbH (IRT) (''Institute for Broadcasting Technology Ltd.'') was a research centre of German broadcasters ( ARD / ZDF / DLR), Austria's broadcaster (ORF) and the Swiss public broadcaster ( SRG / SSR). It was respon .... In 1980, the IGR GmbH acquired the then pending patent applications related to this standard for 150.000 DM (about 75.000 €) and granted patent licenses to its members only. The IGR GmbH planned to grant limited licenses to non-members at a later date. In 1981 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patent Holding Company
A patent holding company (PHC) exists to hold patents on behalf of one or more other companies but does not necessarily manufacture products or supply services based upon the patents held. Patent holding companies may exist for tax reasons. Patent holding companies may also operate patent pools in order to provide a single source for licensing a patented technology. However, patent holding companies that aggressively seek to enforce patent rights through litigation or threats of litigation are referred to as patent assertion entities (PAEs) or, more pejoratively, patent trolls. Patent trolling On June 4, 2013, in the United States, the National Economic Council and Council of Economic Advisers released a report entitled ''Patent Assertion and U.S. Innovation'' that found significant harm to the economy from patent assertion entities and made recommendations to address them. President Barack Obama also addressed the issue, criticizing companies that did not produce anything the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zweikanalton
Zweikanalton ("two-channel sound") or A2 Stereo, is an analog television sound transmission system used in Germany, Austria, Australia, Switzerland, Netherlands and some other countries that use or used PAL-B or PAL-G. TV3 Malaysia formerly used Zweikanalton on its UHF analogue transmission frequency (Channel 29), while NICAM was instead used on its VHF analogue transmission frequency (Channel 12). South Korea also formerly utilised a modified version of Zweikanalton for its NTSC analogue television system until 31 December 2012. It relies on two separate FM carriers. This offers a relatively high separation between the channels (compared to a subcarrier-based multiplexing system) and can thus be used for bilingual broadcasts as well as stereo. Unlike the competing NICAM standard, Zweikanalton is an analog system. How it works A 2nd FM sound carrier containing the right channel for stereo is transmitted at a frequency 242 kHz higher than the existing mono FM sound carri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut Für Rundfunktechnik
The Institut für Rundfunktechnik GmbH (IRT) (''Institute for Broadcasting Technology Ltd.'') was a research centre of German broadcasters ( ARD / ZDF / DLR), Austria's broadcaster (ORF) and the Swiss public broadcaster ( SRG / SSR). It was responsible for research on broadcasting technology. It was founded in 1956 and was located in Munich, Germany. They invented or were influential in the research, development and field-testing of important standards such as ARI, RDS, VPS, DSR, DAB and DVB-T. Institut für Rundfunktechnik was a founding member of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) consortium of broadcasting and Internet industry companies that established an open European standard (called HbbTV) for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface. In 2020, ZDF and then other supporters indicated that they planned to withdraw from the organization, so the IRT was closed by the end of 2020. For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsches Patent- Und Markenamt
The German Patent and Trade Mark Office (german: Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt; abbreviation: DPMA) is the German national patent office, with headquarters in Munich, and offices in Berlin and Jena. In 2006 it employed 2556 people, of which about 700 were patent examiners. Function and status The DPMA is the central authority in the field of intellectual property protection in Germany. Its responsibilities include the granting of patents for the registration of industrial designs, trademarks and designs, as well as for informing the public about existing industrial property rights. Recognised partner of the DPMA is the '' Patentinformationszentrum'' (Patent Information Centre), united in the ''Deutscher Patentinformationszentren e.V'' (German Patent Information Centres Association). The legal basis of the German Patent and Trademark Office is § 26 of the ''Patentgesetz'' (German Patents Act). History The first unified ''Patentgesetz'' (German Patent Act) was adopted on 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salora Oy
Salora Oy was a Finnish electronics manufacturer based in Salo, established in 1928 and acquired by Nokia in 1989. Its main products were radios, televisions and other home electronics. The brand name is now owned by the Dutch company Salora International BV. History The company was founded as Nordell & Koskinen in 1928 by F.A. Nordell and Lauri Koskinen. In 1937, the company introduced its first product under the brand name Salora (from a combination of the words ''Salo'' and ''radio''), and in 1945, the company changed its name to Salora Oy. Products Home electronics In 1953, Salora released its first FM-radios. In 1957, Salora started to produce B/W televisions, and in 1966 the development of color televisions was established. The first color television model, ''Salora Finlandia'', was released in 1968 and awarded with a gold medal at the Nuremberg International Inventors' fair in 1969. The sales far exceeded the expectations with about 150 000 units sold until 1974. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
