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Intel 440FX
The Intel 440FX (codenamed Natoma), is a chipset from Intel, supporting the Pentium Pro and Pentium II processors. It is the first chipset from Intel that supports Pentium II. It is also known as i440FX and was released in May 1996. Official part numbers include the 82441FX and the 82442FX. 440FX does not support UltraDMA, SDRAM, or AGP. Its southbridge counterpart is the PIIX3. It was replaced by Intel 440LX. The designers of the QEMU QEMU is a free and open-source emulator (Quick EMUlator). It emulates the machine's central processing unit, processor through dynamic binary translation and provides a set of different hardware and device models for the machine, enabling it t ... emulator originally chose to simulate this chipset and its counterpart PIIX3. See also * PCI bus bridges * List of Intel chipsets References External linksIntel 440FX ("Natoma") [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentium Pro
The Pentium Pro is a sixth-generation x86 microprocessor developed and manufactured by Intel and introduced on November 1, 1995. It introduced the P6 microarchitecture (sometimes termed i686) and was originally intended to replace the original Pentium in a full range of applications. While the Pentium and Pentium MMX had 3.1 and 4.5 million transistors, respectively, the Pentium Pro contained 5.5 million transistors. Later, it was reduced to a more narrow role as a server and high-end desktop processor and was used in supercomputers like ASCI Red, the first computer to reach the trillion ''floating point operations per second'' (teraFLOPS) performance mark. The Pentium Pro was capable of both dual- and quad-processor configurations. It only came in one form factor, the relatively large rectangular Socket 8. The Pentium Pro was succeeded by the Pentium II Xeon in 1998. Microarchitecture The lead architect of Pentium Pro was Fred Pollack who was specialized in sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentium II
The Pentium II brand refers to Intel's sixth-generation microarchitecture (" P6") and x86-compatible microprocessors introduced on May 7, 1997. Containing 7.5 million transistors (27.4 million in the case of the mobile Dixon with 256 KB L2 cache), the Pentium II featured an improved version of the first ''P6''-generation core of the Pentium Pro, which contained 5.5 million transistors. However, its L2 cache subsystem was a downgrade when compared to the Pentium Pros. It is a single-core microprocessor. In 1998, Intel stratified the Pentium II family by releasing the Pentium II-based Celeron line of processors for low-end workstations and the Pentium II Xeon line for servers and high-end workstations. The Celeron was characterized by a reduced or omitted (in some cases present but disabled) on-die full-speed L2 cache and a 66 MT/s FSB. The Xeon was characterized by a range of full-speed L2 cache (from 512 KB to 2048 KB), a 100 MT/s FSB, a different physic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celeron
Celeron is Intel's brand name for low-end IA-32 and x86-64 computer microprocessor models targeted at low-cost personal computers. Celeron processors are compatible with IA-32 software. They typically offer less performance per clock speed compared to flagship Intel CPU lines, such as the Pentium or Core brands. Celeron branded processors often have less cache or intentionally disabled advanced features, with variable impact on performance. While some Celeron designs have achieved strong performance for their segment, most of the Celeron line has exhibited noticeably degraded performance. This has been the primary justification for the higher cost of other Intel CPU brands versus the Celeron range. Introduced in April 1998, the first Celeron-branded CPU was based on the Pentium II. Subsequent Celeron-branded CPUs were based on the Pentium III, Pentium 4, Pentium M, and Intel Core. In September 2022, Intel announced that the Celeron brand, along with Pentium, will be replac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socket 8
The Socket 8 CPU socket was used exclusively with the Intel Pentium Pro and Pentium II Overdrive computer processors. Intel discontinued Socket 8 in favor of Slot 1 with the introduction of the Pentium II and Slot 2 with the release of the Pentium II Xeon in 1999. Technical specifications Socket 8 is a unique rectangular CPGA socket with 387 pins. It supports FSB speeds ranging from 60 to 66 MHz, a voltage from 3.1 or 3.3V, and support for the Pentium Pro and the Pentium II OverDrive CPUs. Socket 8 also has a unique pin arrangement pattern. One part of the socket has pins in a PGA grid, while the other part uses a SPGA grid. Intel did not return to rectangular sockets until the launch of LGA 1700 in late 2021. Intel Pentium II Overdrive Engineering Sample.jpg, An engineering sample of the Pentium II Overdrive CPU showing the bottom of the unit. KL Socket8 Slot1 Adapter.jpg, Socket 8 to Slot 1 adapter See also *List of Intel microprocessors This generational ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slot 1
Slot 1 refers to the physical and electrical specification for the connector used by some of Intel's microprocessors, including the Pentium Pro, Celeron, Pentium II and the Pentium III. Both single and dual processor configurations were implemented. Intel reverted to the traditional socket interface with Socket 370 in 1999. General With the introduction of the Pentium II CPU, the need for greater access for testing had made the transition from socket to slot necessary. Previously with the Pentium Pro, Intel had combined processor and cache dies in the same Socket 8 package. These were connected by a full-speed bus, resulting in significant performance benefits. Unfortunately, this method required that the two components be bonded together early in the production process, before testing was possible. As a result, a single, tiny flaw in either die made it necessary to discard the entire assembly, causing low production yield and high cost. Intel subsequently designed a ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socket 370
Socket 370 (also known as the PGA370 socket) is a CPU socket first used by Intel for Pentium III and Celeron processors to first complement and later replace the older Slot 1 CPU interface on personal computers. The "370" refers to the number of pin holes in the socket for CPU pins. Socket 370 was replaced by Socket 423 in 2000. Overview Socket 370 started as a budget oriented platform for 66 MHz FSB PPGA Mendocino Celeron CPUs in late 1998, as the move to on-die L2 cache removed the need for a PCB design as seen on Slot 1. From late 1999 to late 2000 it was Intel's main desktop socket for 100/133 MHz FSB Coppermine Pentium IIIs. In 2001, the Tualatin Pentium III processors brought changes to the infrastructure which required dedicated Tualatin-compatible motherboards; some manufacturers would indicate this with a blue (instead of white) socket. These late sockets were typically compatible with Coppermine processors, but not older Mendocino Celerons. Some motherboards that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PCI IDE ISA Xcelerator
PCI IDE ISA Xcelerator (PIIX), also known as Intel 82371, is a family of Intel southbridge microchips employed in some Intel chipsets. x86 virtualization implementations often support emulations of various PIIX-based chipsets. Versions PIIX The PIIX integrated an IDE controller with two 8237 DMA controllers, the 8254 PIT, and two 8259 PICs and a PCI to ISA bus bridge. It was introduced with the 430FX Triton chipset in 1995. The mobile version was introduced with the 430MX mobile Triton chipset. The following variations existed: *82371FB (PIIX) *82371MX (MPIIX) Mobile PIIX3 The PIIX3 introduced a USB 1.0 controller and support for an external I/O APIC. It was used with the 430HX and 430VX Triton II and 440FX northbridges. The following variations existed: *82371SB (PIIX3) PIIX4 The PIIX4 introduced ACPI support, an improved IDE controller with Ultra DMA/33 or ATA-4 support and an integrated a MC146818 style RTC and CMOS controller. It was used with the 430TX and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chipset
In a computer system, a chipset is a set of electronic components in one or more integrated circuits known as a "Data Flow Management System" that manages the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals. It is usually found on the motherboard. Chipsets are usually designed to work with a specific family of microprocessors. Because it controls communications between the processor and external devices, the chipset plays a crucial role in determining system performance. Computers In computing, the term ''chipset'' commonly refers to a set of specialized chips on a computer's motherboard or an expansion card. In personal computers, the first chipset for the IBM PC AT of 1984 was the NEAT chipset developed by Chips and Technologies for the Intel 80286 CPU. In home computers, game consoles, and arcade-game hardware of the 1980s and 1990s, the term chipset was used for the custom audio and graphics chips. Examples include the Commodore Amiga's Original Chip Set or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UltraDMA
Udma is a census town in Kasaragod district in the Indian state of Kerala. Demographics As of 2011 India census, Udma census town had population of 8,115 which constitutes 3,593 males and 4,522 females. Udma census town spreads over an area of 4.53 km2 with 1,669 families residing in it. The sex ratio was 1258 higher than state average of 1084. Population of children in the age group 0-6 was 1,072 (13.2%) where 523 are males and 549 females. Udma town had overall literacy of 90.3% lower than state average of 94%. The male literacy stands at 94.8% and female literacy was 86.8%. Udma Grama Panchayat comprises Udma and Bare census towns and Kottikulam village in its jurisdiction. Uduma Panchayat had total population of 37,537 where 20,919 people live in urban areas and 16,618 live in rural areas.https://censusindia.gov.in › 3...PDF Kasaragod - DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK (ref page nos:162,163) Religions As of 2011 India census, Uduma census town had total population of 8,1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SDRAM
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory (synchronous dynamic RAM or SDRAM) is any DRAM where the operation of its external pin interface is coordinated by an externally supplied clock signal. DRAM integrated circuits (ICs) produced from the early 1970s to early 1990s used an ''asynchronous'' interface, in which input control signals have a direct effect on internal functions only delayed by the trip across its semiconductor pathways. SDRAM has a ''synchronous'' interface, whereby changes on control inputs are recognised after a rising edge of its clock input. In SDRAM families standardized by JEDEC, the clock signal controls the stepping of an internal finite-state machine that responds to incoming commands. These commands can be pipelined to improve performance, with previously started operations completing while new commands are received. The memory is divided into several equally sized but independent sections called '' banks'', allowing the device to operate on a memor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accelerated Graphics Port
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a parallel expansion card standard, designed for attaching a video card to a computer system to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. It was originally designed as a successor to PCI-type connections for video cards. Since 2004, AGP was progressively phased out in favor of PCI Express (PCIe), which is serial, as opposed to parallel; by mid-2008, PCI Express cards dominated the market and only a few AGP models were available, with GPU manufacturers and add-in board partners eventually dropping support for the interface in favor of PCI Express. Advantages over PCI AGP is a superset of the PCI standard, designed to overcome PCI's limitations in serving the requirements of the era's high-performance graphics cards. The primary advantage of AGP is that it doesn't share the PCI bus, providing a dedicated, point-to-point pathway between the expansion slot(s) and the motherboard chipset. The direct connection also allows for higher cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southbridge (computing)
The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal computer (PC) motherboard, the other being the northbridge. The southbridge typically implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge chipset computer architecture. In systems with Intel chipsets, the southbridge is named I/O Controller Hub (ICH), while AMD has named its southbridge Fusion Controller Hub (FCH) since the introduction of its Fusion AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) while moving the functions of the Northbridge onto the CPU die, hence making it similar in function to the Platform hub controller. The southbridge can usually be distinguished from the northbridge by not being directly connected to the CPU. Rather, the northbridge ties the southbridge to the CPU. Through the use of controller integrated channel circuitry, the northbridge can directly link signals from the I/O units to the CPU for data control and access. Current status Due to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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