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Integrated Windows Authentication
Integrated Windows Authentication (IWA) is a term associated with Microsoft products that refers to the SPNEGO, Kerberos, and NTLMSSP authentication protocols with respect to SSPI functionality introduced with Microsoft Windows 2000 and included with later Windows NT-based operating systems. The term is used more commonly for the automatically authenticated connections between Microsoft Internet Information Services, Internet Explorer, and other Active Directory aware applications. IWA is also known by several names like ''HTTP Negotiate authentication'', ''NT Authentication'', ''NTLM Authentication'', ''Domain authentication'', ''Windows Integrated Authentication'', ''Windows NT Challenge/Response authentication'', or simply ''Windows Authentication''. Overview Integrated Windows Authentication uses the security features of Windows clients and servers. Unlike Basic Authentication or Digest Authentication, initially, it does not prompt users for a user name and password. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company, technology conglomerate headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Founded in 1975, the company became influential in the History of personal computers#The early 1980s and home computers, rise of personal computers through software like Windows, and the company has since expanded to Internet services, cloud computing, video gaming and other fields. Microsoft is the List of the largest software companies, largest software maker, one of the Trillion-dollar company, most valuable public U.S. companies, and one of the List of most valuable brands, most valuable brands globally. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by Windows. During the 41 years from 1980 to 2021 Microsoft released 9 versions of MS-DOS with a median frequen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GSSAPI
The Generic Security Service Application Programming Interface (GSSAPI, also GSS-API) is an application programming interface for programs to access security services. The GSSAPI is an IETF standard that addresses the problem of many similar but incompatible security services in use . Operation The GSSAPI, by itself, does not provide any security. Instead, security-service vendors provide GSSAPI ''implementations'' - usually in the form of libraries installed with their security software. These libraries present a GSSAPI-compatible interface to application writers who can write their application to use only the vendor-independent GSSAPI. If the security implementation ever needs replacing, the application need not be rewritten. The definitive feature of GSSAPI applications is the exchange of opaque messages (''tokens'') which hide the implementation detail from the higher-level application. The client and server sides of the application are written to convey the tokens given t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NTLM
In a Windows network, NT (New Technology) LAN Manager (NTLM) is a suite of Microsoft security protocols intended to provide authentication, integrity, and confidentiality to users. NTLM is the successor to the authentication protocol in Microsoft LAN Manager (LANMAN), an older Microsoft product. The NTLM protocol suite is implemented in a Security Support Provider, which combines the LAN Manager authentication protocol, NTLMv1, NTLMv2 and NTLM2 Session protocols in a single package. Whether these protocols are used or can be used on a system, which is governed by Group Policy settings, for which different versions of Windows have different default settings. NTLM passwords are considered weak because they can be brute-forced very easily with modern hardware. Protocol NTLM is a challenge–response authentication protocol which uses three messages to authenticate a client in a connection-oriented environment (connectionless is similar), and a fourth additional message if integr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsoft Edge
Microsoft Edge is a Proprietary Software, proprietary cross-platform software, cross-platform web browser created by Microsoft and based on the Chromium (web browser), Chromium open-source project, superseding Edge Legacy. In Windows 11, Edge is the only browser available from Microsoft. First made available only for Android (operating system), Android and iOS in 2017, in late 2018, Microsoft announced it would completely rebuild Edge as a Chromium (web browser), Chromium-based browser with Blink (browser engine), Blink and V8 (JavaScript engine), V8 engines, which allowed the browser to be ported from Windows 10 to macOS. The new Edge was publicly released in January 2020, and on Xbox as well as Linux in 2021. Edge was also available on Windows 7 and Windows 8, 8/Windows 8.1, 8.1 until early 2023. In February 2023, according to StatCounter, Microsoft Edge became the Usage share of web browsers, third most popular browser in the world, behind Safari (web browser), Safari and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safari (web Browser)
Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc., Apple. It is built into several of List of Apple operating systems, Apple's operating systems, including macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and visionOS, and uses Apple's open-source software, open-source browser engine WebKit, which was Program derivation, derived from KHTML. Safari was introduced in Mac OS X Panther in January 2003. It has been included with the iPhone since the first-generation iPhone in 2007. At that time, Safari was the fastest browser on the Mac (computer), Mac. Between 2007 and 2012, Apple maintained a Microsoft Windows, Windows version, but abandoned it due to low market share. In 2010, Safari 5 introduced a reader mode, Browser extension, extensions, and developer tools. Safari 11, released in 2017, added Intelligent Tracking Prevention, which uses artificial intelligence to block web tracking. Safari 13 added support for Apple Pay, and authentication with FIDO2 Project, FIDO2 security keys. Its interface was redesign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Google Chrome
Google Chrome is a web browser developed by Google. It was first released in 2008 for Microsoft Windows, built with free software components from Apple WebKit and Mozilla Firefox. Versions were later released for Linux, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and also for Android (operating system), Android, where it is the default browser. The browser is also the main component of ChromeOS, where it serves as the platform for web applications. Most of Chrome's source code comes from Google's free and open-source software project Chromium (web browser), Chromium, but Chrome is licensed as proprietary freeware. WebKit was the original Browser engine, rendering engine, but Google eventually Fork (software development), forked it to create the Blink (browser engine), Blink engine; all Chrome variants except iOS used Blink as of 2017. , StatCounter estimates that Chrome has a 65% worldwide usage share of web browsers, browser market share (after peaking at 72.38% in November 2018) on personal comput ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opera (web Browser)
Opera is a multi-platform web browser developed by its namesake company Opera. The current edition of the browser is based on Chromium. Opera is available on Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS (Safari WebKit engine). Opera offers two mobile versions, called Opera Mobile and Opera Mini. Opera was released on 10 April 1995, making it one of the oldest desktop web browsers to exist. It was commercial software for its first ten years and had its own proprietary layout engine, Presto. In 2013, it switched from the Presto engine to Chromium. In 2019, Opera introduced Opera GX, a gaming-themed version of Opera with additional features related to gaming. The browser has a feature called mods which made it possible to change the look of the browser with dynamic backgrounds, custom Opera logos, etc. In 2025, Opera released Opera Air, a more lightweight version of the browser designed with a focus on mindfulness and user well-being. It integrates standard browsing functi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MozillaZine
MozillaZine is a discontinued unofficial Mozilla website that provided information about Mozilla products including Firefox browser, Thunderbird email client, and related software (SeaMonkey, Camino, Calendar and Mobile). The site used to host an active community support internet forum, and a community-driven knowledge base of information about Mozilla products, but as of 2019 the site was not being maintained anymore. The site is still online in read-only mode. History The site was founded by Chris Nelson on September 1, 1998, just a few months after mozilla.org, which was created on February 23, 1998, and quickly grew in popularity. Improvements were added to the site and it soon moved to the mozillazine.org domain. Originally, the site's main audience was Mozilla developers, both Netscape employees and outsiders, but it soon attracted interested observers and end users. On November 14, 1998, MozillaZine merged with MozBin, which brought its webmaster, Jason Kersey, on board ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages, which implements current and anticipated web standards. Firefox is available for Windows 10 or later versions of Windows, macOS, and Linux. Its unofficial ports are available for various Unix and Unix-like operating systems, including FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, and other operating systems, such as ReactOS. Firefox is also available for Android and iOS. However, as with all other iOS web browsers, the iOS version uses the WebKit layout engine instead of Gecko due to platform requirements. An optimized version is also available on the Amazon Fire TV as one of the two main browsers available with Amazon's Silk Browser. Firefox is the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator, as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998, before its acquisition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windows Server Domain
A Windows domain is a form of a computer network in which all user accounts, computers, printers and other security principals, are registered with a central database located on one or more clusters of central computers known as domain controllers. Authentication takes place on domain controllers. Each person who uses computers within a domain receives a unique user account that can then be assigned access to resources within the domain. Starting with Windows Server 2000, Active Directory is the Windows component in charge of maintaining that central database.Northrup, Tony''Introducing Microsoft Windows 2000 Server'' Microsoft Press, 1999. The concept of Windows domain is in contrast with that of a workgroup in which each computer maintains its own database of security principals. Configuration Computers can connect to a domain via LAN, WAN or using a VPN connection. Users of a domain are able to use enhanced security for their VPN connection due to the support for a cert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intranet
An intranet is a computer network for sharing information, easier communication, collaboration tools, operational systems, and other computing services within an organization, usually to the exclusion of access by outsiders. The term is used in contrast to public networks, such as the Internet, but uses the same technology based on the Internet protocol suite. An organization-wide intranet can constitute an important focal point of internal communication and collaboration, and provide a single starting point to access internal and external resources. In its simplest form, an intranet is established with the technologies for local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). Many modern intranets have Web search engine, search engines, user profiles, blogs, mobile apps with notifications, and events planning within their infrastructure. An intranet is sometimes contrasted to an extranet. While an intranet is generally restricted to employees of the organization, extranets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
