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Inland Gulf Languages
The Inland Gulf languages are a language family, family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and Malcolm Ross (linguist), Malcolm Ross (2005). The unity of the languages was established by K. Franklin in 1969. Although the family as a whole is clearly valid, Ipiko is quite distinct from the other languages. Languages * Inland Gulf family ** ''Ipiko language'' ** Minanibai branch: Minanibai language, Minanibai (Foia Foia), Mubami language, Mubami (Tao), Ukusi-Koparamio Hoia Hoia language, Ukusi-Koparamio Hoia Hoia – Matakaia Hoia Hoia language, Matakaia Hoia Hoia Karami language, Karami was once included, due to a large number of loanwords from Minanibai, but is best left unclassified for now. Mahigi language, Mahigi is also included by Pawley and Hammarström (2018). Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: : Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u. Pronouns The pronouns are: : Evolution Inland Gulf reflexes of proto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of Motu, from the Austronesian l ...: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Mainland Australia, Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Papua (province), Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua (province), West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mubami Language
Mubami is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i .... It goes by the names ''Dausame, Tao-Suamato, Tao-Suame,'' and ''Ta''. The language is used in all age groups and domains of life, including education, and is therefore counted as not presently endangered. It is spoken in Diwami, Kubeai, Parieme, Paueme, Sogae, Ugu, and Waliho villages on the Guavi and Aramia rivers in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. A word list of Mubami can be found in Z'graggen (1975) Phonology Consonants * is mainly heard as a variant of /p/. * ²is heard in the sequence /nj/. Vowels * /e, o/ can also have realizations of ›, É” References External links Mubami New Guinea World. Inland Gulf languages Languages of Papua New Guinea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inland Gulf Languages
The Inland Gulf languages are a language family, family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and Malcolm Ross (linguist), Malcolm Ross (2005). The unity of the languages was established by K. Franklin in 1969. Although the family as a whole is clearly valid, Ipiko is quite distinct from the other languages. Languages * Inland Gulf family ** ''Ipiko language'' ** Minanibai branch: Minanibai language, Minanibai (Foia Foia), Mubami language, Mubami (Tao), Ukusi-Koparamio Hoia Hoia language, Ukusi-Koparamio Hoia Hoia – Matakaia Hoia Hoia language, Matakaia Hoia Hoia Karami language, Karami was once included, due to a large number of loanwords from Minanibai, but is best left unclassified for now. Mahigi language, Mahigi is also included by Pawley and Hammarström (2018). Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: : Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u. Pronouns The pronouns are: : Evolution Inland Gulf reflexes of proto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahigi Language
Foia Foia (Foyafoya), or Minanibai, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea, spoken in an area near Omati River mouth in Ikobi Kairi and Goaribari Census districts (Gulf Province). Mahigi, a Foia Foia dialect documented in a word list by Cridland (1924), is now extinct.Cridland, E. 1924. Vocabulary of Mahigi. ''British New Guinea Annual Report'' 1923–1924: 58–58. Locations Foia Foia is spoken in Bibisa village (), Bamu Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Minanbai is spoken in Moka () and Pepeha () villages of West Kikori Rural LLG, Gulf Province A gulf is a large inlet from the ocean into the landmass, typically with a narrower opening than a bay, but that is not observable in all geographic areas so named. The term gulf was traditionally used for large highly-indented navigable bodie .... Phonology Vowels Consonants Bibliography ;Word lists *Carr, Philip J. 1991 ''Foyafoya (Bibisa, W.P. at Kamusi), Hoyahoya (Matakaia, W.P. at Gagoro), Hoyaho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karami Language
Karami is an extinct and unclassified Papuan language of southern Papua New Guinea. It is attested from only a short word list, which include many loans from Foia Foia.Usher, TimothyInland Gulf family ''New Guinea World''. Locations According to Flint (1919: 96), from which the only existing word list of Karami is available, Karami was spoken in the villages of Kikimairi and Aduahai, both located near Daru Station, "on the right-hand side (in the bush) of left branch of the Turama River, Western Division, Papua." Classification Although Franklin (1968; 1973: 269-273) classifies Karami as an Inland Gulf language,Franklin, Karl J. 1973. Other language groups in the Gulf District and adjacent areas. In ''The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea'', ed. by Karl J. Franklin, 263‒77. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Usher and Suter (2015: 125) do not consider it to be part of the Anim languages The Anim or Fly River languages are a langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matakaia Hoia Hoia Language
Hoia Hoia (Hoyahoya) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. It is close to Minanibai. The two varieties, Ukusi-Koparamio Hoia Hoia ("Hoia Hoia" in ''Ethnologue'' 17) and Matakaia Hoia Hoia ("Hoyahoya" in ''Ethnologue'' 17), are distinct languages, though significantly closer to each other than to other Inland Gulf languages. The varieties are spoken in Ukusi-Koparamio (; ) and Matakaia () villages of Bamu Rural LLG Bamu Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The Kamula language is spoken in the LLG, near the Wawoi Falls area. Wards *01. Samakopa (Kamula language speakers) *02. Kawalasi *03. Kamusi *04. Parieme *0 ... in Western Province, Papua New Guinea, respectively. Word lists of Hoia Hoia dialects have been collected by Carr (1991).Carr, Philip J. 1991 ''Foyafoya (Bibisa, W.P. at Kamusi), Hoyahoya (Matakaia, W.P. at Gagoro), Hoyahoya/Hoiahoia (Ukusi-Koperami, W.P. two young men visiting Torobina)''. Manuscript. Phonology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukusi-Koparamio Hoia Hoia Language
Hoia Hoia (Hoyahoya) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. It is close to Minanibai. The two varieties, Ukusi-Koparamio Hoia Hoia ("Hoia Hoia" in ''Ethnologue'' 17) and Matakaia Hoia Hoia ("Hoyahoya" in ''Ethnologue'' 17), are distinct languages, though significantly closer to each other than to other Inland Gulf languages. The varieties are spoken in Ukusi-Koparamio (; ) and Matakaia () villages of Bamu Rural LLG Bamu Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The Kamula language is spoken in the LLG, near the Wawoi Falls area. Wards *01. Samakopa (Kamula language speakers) *02. Kawalasi *03. Kamusi *04. Parieme *0 ... in Western Province, Papua New Guinea, respectively. Word lists of Hoia Hoia dialects have been collected by Carr (1991).Carr, Philip J. 1991 ''Foyafoya (Bibisa, W.P. at Kamusi), Hoyahoya (Matakaia, W.P. at Gagoro), Hoyahoya/Hoiahoia (Ukusi-Koperami, W.P. two young men visiting Torobina)''. Manuscript. Phonology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minanibai Language
Foia Foia (Foyafoya), or Minanibai, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea, spoken in an area near Omati River mouth in Ikobi Kairi and Goaribari Census districts (Gulf Province). Mahigi, a Foia Foia dialect documented in a word list by Cridland (1924), is now extinct.Cridland, E. 1924. Vocabulary of Mahigi. ''British New Guinea Annual Report'' 1923–1924: 58–58. Locations Foia Foia is spoken in Bibisa village (), Bamu Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Minanbai is spoken in Moka () and Pepeha () villages of West Kikori Rural LLG, Gulf Province A gulf is a large inlet from the ocean into the landmass, typically with a narrower opening than a bay, but that is not observable in all geographic areas so named. The term gulf was traditionally used for large highly-indented navigable bodie .... Phonology Vowels Consonants Bibliography ;Word lists *Carr, Philip J. 1991 ''Foyafoya (Bibisa, W.P. at Kamusi), Hoyahoya (Matakaia, W.P. at Gagoro), Hoyahoya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans–New Guinea Languages
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands ‒ corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia. Trans–New Guinea is the third-largest language family in the world by number of languages. The core of the family is considered to be established, but its boundaries and overall membership are uncertain. The languages are spoken by around 3 million people. There have been three main proposals as to its internal classification. History of the proposal Although Papuan languages for the most part are poorly documented, several of the branches of Trans–New Guinea have been recognized for some time. The Eleman languages were first proposed by S. Ray in 1907, parts of Marind were recognized by Ray and JHP Murray in 1918, and the Rai Coast languages in 1919, again by Ray. The precursor of the Trans–New Guinea family was Stephen Wurm's 1960 proposal of an East New Guinea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malcolm Ross (linguist)
Malcolm David Ross (born 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is the emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University. Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996. Career Ross served as the Principal of Goroka Teachers College in Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982, during which time he self-statedly become interested in local languages, and began to collect data on them. In 1986, he received his PhD from the ANU under the supervision of Stephen Wurm, Bert Voorhoeve and Darrell Tryon. His dissertation was on the genealogy of the Oceanic languages of western Melanesia, and contained an early reconstruction of Proto Oceanic. Malcolm Ross introduced the concept of a linkage, a group of languages that evolves via dialect differentiation rather than by tree-like splits. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Wurm
Stephen Adolphe Wurm ( hu, Wurm István Adolf, ; 19 August 1922 – 24 October 2001) was a Hungarian-born Australian linguist. Early life Wurm was born in Budapest, the second child to the German-speaking Adolphe Wurm and the Hungarian-speaking Anna Novroczky. He was christened Istvan Adolphe Wurm. His father died before Stephen was born. Both of his parents were multilingual, and Wurm showed an interest in languages from an early age. Attending school in Vienna and travelling to all parts of Europe during his childhood, Wurm spoke roughly nine languages by the time he reached adulthood, a gift he inherited from his father, who spoke 17. Wurm went on to master at least 50 languages. Career Wurm grew up stateless, unable to take the nationality of either of his parent or of his country of residence, Austria. That enabled him to avoid military service and attend university. He studied Turkic languages at the Oriental Institute in Vienna, receiving his doctorate in linguist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
