The Inland Gulf languages are a
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
of
Trans–New Guinea languages
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands ‒ corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia.
Trans–New Guinea is the third-la ...
in the classifications of
Stephen Wurm
Stephen Adolphe Wurm ( hu, Wurm István Adolf, ; 19 August 1922 – 24 October 2001) was a Hungarian-born Australian linguist.
Early life
Wurm was born in Budapest, the second child to the German-speaking Adolphe Wurm and the Hungarian-sp ...
(1975) and
Malcolm Ross (2005). The unity of the languages was established by K. Franklin in 1969. Although the family as a whole is clearly valid, Ipiko is quite distinct from the other languages.
Languages
* Inland Gulf family
** ''
Ipiko language''
** Minanibai branch:
Minanibai (Foia Foia),
Mubami (Tao),
Ukusi-Koparamio Hoia Hoia –
Matakaia Hoia Hoia
Karami was once included, due to a large number of loanwords from Minanibai, but is best left unclassified for now.
Mahigi is also included by Pawley and Hammarström (2018).
Phonemes
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:
[New Guinea World, Inland Gulf]
/ref>
:
Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.
Pronouns
The pronouns are:[
:
]
Evolution
Inland Gulf reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma:
References
*
External links
* Timothy Usher, New Guinea World
Proto–Inland Gulf
{{Anim languages
Languages of Papua New Guinea
Anim languages