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In Gall
In-Gall (var. In Gall, I-n-Gall, In-Gal, Ingal, Ingall) is a town in the Agadez Region, Tchirozerine Department of northeast Niger, with a year-round population of less than 500. Known for its oasis and salt flats, In-Gall is the gathering point for the Cure Salee festival of Tuareg and Wodaabe pastoralists to celebrate the end of the rainy season each September. During the festival, In-Gall's population grows to several thousand nomads, officials, and tourists. As of 2011, the commune had a total population of 47,170 people. In-Gall had been a stop on the main roads between the capital of Niger, Niamey (600 km to the southwest), and the mining town of Arlit (200 km to the northeast, 150 km from the Algerian border) or the provincial capital Agadez (100 km to the east). In the 1970s, the main road was repaved to transport uranium from the French-owned mines in Arlit, but the new road bypassed In-Gall, ending its use as a waystation. Since then, it ...
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Regions Of Niger
Niger is divided into eight regions (French: ''régions;'' singular''région)'', each of which is named after its capital. Current regions *Additionally, the national capital, Niamey, comprises a special capital district. Current administrative structure Each of Niger's regions are subdivided into departments and communes. As of 2005, there were 36 ''départements'', divided into 265 communes, 122 cantons and 81 ''groupements''. The latter two categories cover all areas not covered by urban communes (population over 10000) or rural communes (total population 13 million), and are governed by the department, whereas communes have had elected councils and mayors since 1999. Additional semi-autonomous subdivisions include sultanates, provinces and tributaries (''tribus''). The Nigerien government estimates there are an additional 17000 villages administered by rural communes, while there are a number of ''quartiers'' (boroughs or neighborhoods) administered by urban communes. R ...
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Edmond Bernus
Edmond is a given name related to Edmund. Persons named Edmond include: * Edmond Canaple (1797–1876), French politician * Edmond Chehade (born 1993), Lebanese footballer * Edmond Conn (1914–1998), American farmer, businessman, and politician * Edmond de Goncourt (1822–1892), French writer * Edmond Etling (before 1909–1940), French designer, manufacturer * Edmond Halley (1656–1742), English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist * Edmond Haxhinasto (born 1966), Albanian politician * Edmond Maire (1931–2017), French labor union leader * Edmond Rostand * Edmond James de Rothschild * Edmond O'Brien * Edmond Panariti * Edmond Robinson *Edmond Tarverdyan, controversial figure in MMA In fiction * Edmond Dantès, The main character in 'The Count of Monte Cristo' by Alexandre Dumas. * Edmond Elephant, a character from Peppa Pig * Edmond Honda, a character from the ''Street Fighter'' series * Edmond, a character from Rock-A-Doodle * Edm ...
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Sahel
The Sahel (; ar, ساحل ' , "coast, shore") is a region in North Africa. It is defined as the ecoclimatic and biogeographic realm of transition between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian savanna to the south. Having a hot semi-arid climate, it stretches across the south-central latitudes of Northern Africa between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea. The Sahel part of Africa includes – from west to east – parts of northern Senegal, southern Mauritania, central Mali, northern Burkina Faso, the extreme south of Algeria, Niger, the extreme north of Nigeria, Cameroon and Central African Republic, central Chad, central and southern Sudan, the extreme north of South Sudan, Eritrea and Ethiopia. Historically, the western part of the Sahel was sometimes known as the Sudan region (''bilād as-sūdān'' "lands of the Sudan"). This belt was located between the Sahara and the coastal areas of West Africa. There are frequent shortages of food and water due to the dry h ...
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Azalai
The Azalai (Tamasheq, var. Azalay) is a semi-annual salt caravan route practiced by Tuareg traders in the Sahara desert between Timbuktu and the Taoudenni salt mine in Mali, or the act of traveling with a caravan along that route. The other major West African salt caravan route, heading from around Agadez to Fachi and Bilma in Niger, is called Taghlamt (in Tamasheq, or Taglem or Tagalem in Hausa language). The two are among the last caravan routes in the Sahara that are still in use. Both caravans have largely been replaced by unpaved truck routes. Timbuktu-Taoudenni At one time the caravan route from Timbuktu extended through Taoudenni to Taghaza, another salt-mining site, and on to the lands north of the Sahara on the Mediterranean Sea. Caravans with up to 10,000 camels carried gold and slaves north, returning with manufactured goods and salt from Taghaza and Taoudenni. Until the 1940s, the Taoudenni caravans were made up of thousands of camels, departing Timbuktu at the be ...
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Fachi
Fachi is an oasis surrounded by the Ténéré desert and the dunes of the Erg of Bilma in eastern Niger, placed on the western edge of the small Agram mountain outcropping. It has an estimated population of 2,000 people. It is also a stopping point of the Agadez to the Kaouar caravans of the Azalay. Fachi is west of Bilma and east of the Aïr Mountains. Apart from water, dates, and salt, Fachi produces no provisions, and depends entirely upon trade in these products with passing caravans. Frequently raided by Tuareg and other Bedouins in its past, the town is built within high fortifications, known locally as a ''ksar'', built from ''banco'' salt blocks; they are now unused. Fachi's population is largely from the Kanuri and Toubou peoples, in whose language the town is called ''Agram''. ''Fachi'', its official name, is from Tuareg and Hausa Hausa may refer to: * Hausa people, an ethnic group of West Africa * Hausa language, spoken in West Africa * Hausa Kingdoms, a histor ...
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Kel Fadey
Kel or KEL may refer to: * Raquel Calderón (born 1991), Chilean singer and actress * Kei Lun stop, Hong Kong, MTR station code KEL * Kel, Azad Kashmir, village in Neelam Valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan * Kel Mitchell (born 1978), American actor and comedian * KEL, the IATA airport code for Kiel Airport in Germany * KEL Company Kerala Electrical and Allied Engineering Company * Κel, elimination rate constant in pharmacological clearance * KEL, a gene in the Kell antigen system The Kell antigen system (also known as the Kell–Cellano system) is a human blood group system, that is, a group of antigens on the human red blood cell surface which are important determinants of blood type and are targets for autoimmune or a ... * KEL, a character in the 2020 role-playing video game '' OMORI'' See also * Kell (other) {{Disambig, given name, airport ...
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Niger River
The Niger River ( ; ) is the main river of West Africa, extending about . Its drainage basin is in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta (or the Oil Rivers), into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River. Etymology The Niger has different names in the different languages of the region: * Fula: ''Maayo Jaaliba'' * Manding: ''Jeliba'' or ''Joliba'' "great river" * Tuareg: ''Egerew n-Igerewen'' "river of rivers" * Songhay: ''Isa'' "the river" * Zarma: ''Isa Beeri'' "great river" * Hausa: ''Kwara'' *Nupe: ''Èdù'' * Yoruba: ''Ọya'' "named after the Yoruba goddess Ọya, who is believed to embody the ri ...
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Azawagh
The Azawagh (alias ''Azaouagh'' or ''Azawak'') is a dry basin covering what is today the northwestern Niger, as well as parts of northeastern Mali and southern Algeria. The Azawagh is mainly made up of Sahelian and Saharan flatlands and has a population that is predominantly Tuareg, with some Arabic-speaking, Bouzou and Wodaabe minorities and a recent influx of Hausa and Zarma. Name The Tuareg word ''azawaɣ'' means "savannah". Azawad, a term used for the portion of northern Mali claimed by the Tuareg rebel movement National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, is believed to be an Arabic corruption of "Azawagh". Geography The Azawagh refers to the dry structural basin, which once carried a northern tributary of the Niger River, the Azawagh river, known as Dallol Bosso further south. The river, which ran some in prehistoric times, dried up after the Neolithic Subpluvial and created a basin of some . Its valley, which geologists call the Iullemmeden Basin, is bor ...
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Sultanate Of Agadez
The Sultanate of Agadez (also known as Tenere Sultanate of Aïr, Sultanate of Aïr, or Asben") was a Berber kingdom centered in the city of Agadez in the Aïr Mountains, located at the southern edge of the Sahara desert in north-central Niger. It was founded in 1449 by the Tuareg and Hausa people as a trading post. The Agadez Sultanate was later conquered by the Songhai Empire in 1500. After the defeat of the Songhai kingdom in 1591, the Agadez Sultanate regained its independence. It experienced a steep decline in population and economic activity during the 17th century. The kingdom was later conquered by the French in 1900. References Further reading *Decalo, Samuel. ''Historical Dictionary of Niger'', 3rd ed., pp. 24–27. Scarecrow Press (Boston), 1997. . *Hudgens, Jim & al. ''Rough Guide to West Africa'', 4th ed., p. 983. Rough Guide, 2003. . External links Louis Werner, ''Agadez: Sultanate of the Sahara'', 2003, Saudi Aramco World Sultanate O ...
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