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Ilva (company)
Ilva S.p.A. is an Italian steel company that for much of the 20th century was Italy's largest steel producer and one of the largest in Europe. In June 2017, Arcelor Mittal became the chief shareholder. On 23 April 2021, capital was infused by the government of Mario Draghi, which took a 38% share and 50% of the voting rights. History Ilva was established in 1905 in Genoa and existed through the decline of European steel manufacturing during the 1970s and 1980s until its final privatization in 1995. Ilva main assets, including giant Taranto steelworks, Europe's largest, were acquired by Gruppo Riva. In 2012 Taranto steel plant was at the centre of an environmental scandal that led to the arrest and conviction of some Riva family members and the transfer of the steelworks to ArcelorMittal. Early history (1905–1934) The company was founded in Genoa on 1 February 1905, its namesake being the Latin name for Elba island, seat of plentiful iron ore deposits that fueled the first b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logo Ilva
A logo (abbreviation of logotype; ) is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name it represents as in a wordmark. In the days of hot metal typesetting, a logotype was one word cast as a single piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond), as opposed to a ligature, which is two or more letters joined, but not forming a word. By extension, the term was also used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon. At the level of mass communication and in common usage, a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand.Wheeler, Alina. ''Designing Brand Identity'' © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (page 4) Etymology Douglas Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary states that the term 'logo' used in 1937 "probably a shortening of logogram". History Numerous inventions and techniques have contributed to the contemporary logo, incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Lire
The lira (; plural lire) was the currency of Italy between 1861 and 2002. It was first introduced by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1807 at par with the French franc, and was subsequently adopted by the different states that would eventually form the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. It was subdivided into 100 ''centesimi'' (singular: ''centesimo''), which means "hundredths" or "cents". The lira was also the currency of the Albanian Kingdom from 1941 to 1943. The term originates from ''libra'', the largest unit of the Carolingian monetary system used in Western Europe and elsewhere from the 8th to the 20th century. The Carolingian system is the origin of the French ''livre tournois'' (predecessor of the franc), the Italian lira, and the pound unit of sterling and related currencies. In 1999 the euro became Italy's unit of account and the lira became a national subunit of the euro at a rate of €1 = Lit. 1,936.27, before being replaced as cash in 2002. History Etymology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ILVA - Unità Produttiva Di Taranto - Italy - 25 Dec
ILVA is a Danish chain of furniture stores, offering mostly Scandinavian-style bed-, dining- and living room products. The company was founded in 1974, and currently runs eight stores in the Nordic countries. It also had three stores in Britain for about two years, but these were forced to close down during the 2008 financial crisis. The internationalisation of ILVA reverses the common trend of retail internationalisation offered by literature. ILVA, rather than making acquisitions of other stores, was acquired by Martin Toogood in 2003, with a view to internationalise into the UK. Martin Toogood believed that there was a gap in the UK middle market of furniture retailing. History The company started when Jorgen and Inger Linde opened a 10,000 m² warehouse south of Copenhagen in 1974 under the name of ''JL Møbler'' og ''Tæpper A/S'' . Three years later, it was renamed ILVA. ILVA opened its first United Kingdom store in 2006. It planned to open stores close to existing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falck Group
Falck Group is an Italian company located in Sesto San Giovanni. It was founded in 1906 and is one of the oldest companies in the steel industry. In the 1990s it turned to the production of energy from renewable sources. It was founded in 1906 in Milan by Giorgio Enrico Falck under the name Società anonima Acciaierie e Ferriere Lombarde. The first and most important industrial plants were built in Sesto San Giovanni. In 1931 the company changed its name to Acciaiere e Ferriere Lombarde Falck. The company produced steel and related products, both processed and semi-finished, for over seventy years until the crisis in the mid-seventies when the company began to decline. Its last furnaces closed in 1995. At the end of the nineties the Falck Group, still run by the Falck family, turned to the production of renewable energy, through the subsidiary Falck Renewables. See also * Enrico Falck * History of Steel Industry * Steel industry in Italy The steel industry in Italy orig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steel Crisis
The steel crisis was a recession in the global steel market during the 1973–75 recession and early 1980s recession following the post–World War II economic expansion and the 1973 oil crisis, further compounded by the 1979 oil crisis, and lasted well into the 1980s. Steel prices dropped significantly as the market became saturated with steel from previous demand, and many steel mills in the Western world were driven out of business. Some areas affected by the steel crisis were the Rust belt in North America, the English Midlands in the United Kingdom, the Ruhr area in West Germany and Bergslagen in Sweden. United States lang=en, upright=1.4, Steel production by countries. United States steel production faced an irreversible decline in the 1970s. lang=en, upright=1.4, Steel production and GDP. In most countries, steel production declines after reaching a certain level of GDP, suggesting that growth continues according to other factors. Steel production in the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Società Italiana Acciaierie Cornigliano
Società Italiana Acciaierie Cornigliano (SIAC) was an Italian steelworks company. History It was established in 1934 to group the Ansaldo steelworks - started up in 1898 and centered on the Genoa Campi plant. In the same year the company passed under the control of the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI). In 1938 the entire stock package was held by Finsider. In 1939 the SIAC started the construction of the Genoa Cornigliano plant that, after the destruction of the Second World War, was dedicated to Oscar Sinigaglia. In 1951 the SIAC entrusted the reconstruction and expansion of the Oscar Sinigaglia plant to Cornigliano Società per Costruzione Impianti Industriali (founded by Finsider in 1948), which will take over the name of Cornigliano S.p.A. On April 14, 1951, for expanding the plant, the Castle Raggio was demolished, which was already heavily damaged by the bombings of the Second World War. Finally, in 1962, SIAC entrusted the management of the Genoa Cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fascist Regime
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a (German: “people’s community”), in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation" characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation and race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Fascism rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I, before spreading to other European countries, most notably Germany. Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe. Opposed to anarchism, democracy, pluralism, liberalism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istituto Per La Ricostruzione Industriale
The Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI; English: "Institute for Industrial Reconstruction") was an Italian public holding company established in 1933 by the Fascist regime to rescue, restructure and finance banks and private companies that went bankrupt during the Great Depression. After the Second World War, IRI played a pivotal role in the Italian economic miracle of the 1950s and 1960s. It was dissolved in 2002. History In 1930, the Great Depression affected the Italian financial sector, seriously disrupting credit lines and making it difficult for companies to obtain loans. The Fascist regime led by Benito Mussolini, fearing a credit crunch with subsequent mass dismissals and a wave of social unrest, started to take over the banks' stakes in large industrial companies (such as steel, weapons and chemicals). At the same time, Mussolini tried to inject capital into failing businesses (Though restructured later). Although initially conceived as a temporary measure, IRI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banca Commerciale Italiana
Banca Commerciale Italiana (COMIT), founded in 1894, was once one of the largest banks in Italy. In 1999 it merged with a banking group consisting of Cassa di Risparmio delle Provincie Lombarde (aka Cariplo; est. 1823) and Banco Ambroveneto, which had merged in 1998. The bank group changed the name to Intesa-BCI, which BCI temporary became a sub-holding company. On 1 January 2003, the group's name changed to Banca Intesa. In 2006 Banca Intesa merged with Sanpaolo IMI, based in Turin, Italy, to form Intesa Sanpaolo. History BCI's predecessor was the '' Società Generale di Credito Mobiliare'', founded in 1862. This institution became successful as a lender to the iron and steel industry. However, the Italian banking crisis of 1893–1894, led to Credito Mobiliare's failure. On 10 October 1894 Credito Mobiliare was re-established as a private joint-stock bank under the name Banca Commerciale Italiana with capital from several German and Austrian banks, including S. Bleichröder, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biennio Rosso
The Biennio Rosso (English: "Red Biennium" or "Two Red Years") was a two-year period, between 1919 and 1920, of intense social conflict in Italy, following the First World War.Brunella Dalla Casa, ''Composizione di classe, rivendicazioni e professionalità nelle lotte del "biennio rosso" a Bologna'', in: AA. VV, ''Bologna 1920; le origini del fascismo'', a cura di Luciano Casali, Cappelli, Bologna 1982, p. 179. The revolutionary period was followed by the violent reaction of the fascist blackshirts militia and eventually by the March on Rome of Benito Mussolini in 1922. Background The Biennio Rosso took place in a context of economic crisis at the end of the war, with high unemployment and political instability. It was characterized by mass strikes, worker manifestations as well as self-management experiments through land and factories occupations. Tension had been rising since the final years of the war. Some contemporary observers considered Italy to be on the brink of a revol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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