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Illegalists
Illegalism is a tendency of anarchism that developed primarily in France, Italy, Belgium and Switzerland during the late 1890s and early 1900s as an outgrowth of individualist anarchism. Illegalists embrace crime, criminality either openly or secretly as a lifestyle. Illegalism does not specify the type of crime, though it is associated with theft and shoplifting. As left-wing anarchists, the illegalists strongly oppose wage labour and Market (economics), markets. Some anarchists, like Clément Duval and Marius Jacob, justified theft with theories of individual reclamation (''la reprise individuelle'') and propaganda of the deed and saw their crime as an educational and organizational tool to facilitate a broader resistance movement. Others, such as Jules Bonnot and the Bonnot Gang, saw their actions in terms of egoist anarchism and referred to the philosophy of Max Stirner. Influenced by theorist Max Stirner, Max Stirner's Egoist anarchism, egoism, some illegalists in France b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Individualist Anarchism
Individualist anarchism is the branch of anarchism that emphasizes the individual and their Will (philosophy), will over external determinants such as groups, society, traditions and ideological systems."What do I mean by individualism? I mean by individualism the moral doctrine which, relying on no dogma, no tradition, no external determination, appeals only to the individual conscience"''Mini-Manual of Individualism''by Han Ryner "I do not admit anything except the existence of the individual, as a condition of his sovereignty. To say that the sovereignty of the individual is conditioned by Liberty is simply another way of saying that it is conditioned by itself. "Anarchism and the State" in ''Individual Liberty'' Although usually contrasted to social anarchism, both individualist and social anarchism have influenced each other. Mutualism (economic theory), Mutualism, an economic theory particularly influential within individualist anarchism whose pursued Liberty#Socialism, lib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egoist Anarchism
Egoist anarchism or anarcho-egoism, often shortened as simply egoism, is a school of anarchist thought that originated in the philosophy of Max Stirner, a 19th-century philosopher whose "name appears with familiar regularity in historically orientated surveys of anarchist thought as one of the earliest and best known exponents of individualist anarchism". Max Stirner and his philosophy Max Stirner Johann Kaspar Schmidt (October 25, 1806 – June 26, 1856), better known as Max Stirner (the pen name he adopted from a schoolyard nickname he had acquired as a child because of his high brow, which in German is termed ''Stirn''), was a German philosopher, who ranks as one of the literary precursors of nihilism, existentialism, post-modernism and anarchism, especially of individualist anarchism. Stirner's main work is ''The Ego and Its Own'' (''Der Einzige und sein Eigentum'' in German, which translates literally as ''The Only One and his Property''). This work was first publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egoist Anarchism
Egoist anarchism or anarcho-egoism, often shortened as simply egoism, is a school of anarchist thought that originated in the philosophy of Max Stirner, a 19th-century philosopher whose "name appears with familiar regularity in historically orientated surveys of anarchist thought as one of the earliest and best known exponents of individualist anarchism". Max Stirner and his philosophy Max Stirner Johann Kaspar Schmidt (October 25, 1806 – June 26, 1856), better known as Max Stirner (the pen name he adopted from a schoolyard nickname he had acquired as a child because of his high brow, which in German is termed ''Stirn''), was a German philosopher, who ranks as one of the literary precursors of nihilism, existentialism, post-modernism and anarchism, especially of individualist anarchism. Stirner's main work is ''The Ego and Its Own'' (''Der Einzige und sein Eigentum'' in German, which translates literally as ''The Only One and his Property''). This work was first publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clément Duval
Clément Duval (; 1850–1935) was a famous French anarchist and criminal. His ideas concerning individual reclamation were greatly influential in later shaping illegalism. According to Paul Albert, "The story of Clement Duval was lifted and, shorn of all politics, turned into the bestseller ''Papillon''." Biography In October 1886, Duval broke into the mansion of a Parisian socialite and stole 15,000 francs before accidentally setting the house on fire. He was caught only two weeks later after trying to fence the stolen goods, stabbing a policeman named Rossignol several times during his arrest (the policeman survived his wounds). Duval's trial drew crowds of supporters and ended in chaos when Duval was dragged from the court, crying, "Long live anarchy!" He was condemned to death, but his sentence was later commuted to hard labor on Devil's Island, French Guiana. In a letter printed in the November 1886 issue of the anarchist paper ''Le Révolté'', Duval famously declared: "' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octave Garnier
Octave Garnier (25 December 1889 – 14 May 1912) was a French anarchist and founding member of the infamous Bonnot Gang. Life Born in Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne on Christmas Day 1889, Garnier worked as a butcher and baker at an early age. He took up theft at the age of thirteen and had served his first prison term by age seventeen. Garnier later wrote, "prison had made me even more rebellious." Following his release from prison, Garnier dabbled in, and then became disillusioned with, both union syndicalism and revolutionary politics before turning to anarchism. Following two additional stints in prison (one for assault), Garnier fled to Belgium in 1910 to avoid France's military draft. Abroad, he learned the art of burglary and counterfeiting from anarchist associates. In April 1911, Garnier and his partner Marie Vuillemin moved to Romainville to live with future gang members Raymond Callemin, Jean De Boe, and Edouard Carouy as well as Victor Kibalchich, then ed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Bonnot
Jules Joseph Bonnot (October 14, 1876 – April 28, 1912) was a French bank robber famous for his involvement in a criminal anarchist organization dubbed "The Bonnot Gang" by the French press. He viewed himself as a professional A professional is a member of a profession or any person who works in a specified professional activity. The term also describes the standards of education and training that prepare members of the profession with the particular knowledge and skil ... and avoided bloodshed, preferring to outwit his targets. Further reading * Cacucci, Pino. (2006) ''Without a Glimmer of Remorse''. ChristieBooks. . * Parry, Richard. (1987) ''The Bonnot Gang''. Rebel Press. . External links 1876 births 1912 deaths People from Doubs Illegalists French anarchists French bank robbers People convicted of assault People shot dead by law enforcement officers in France French Army soldiers {{Anarchist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marius Jacob
Alexandre Marius Jacob (September 29, 1879 – August 28, 1954), also known by the names Georges, Escande, Férau, Jean Concorde, Attila, and Barrabas, was a French anarchist illegalist. Biography Jacob was born in 1879 in Marseille to a working-class family; his father, Joseph, was a baker. At the age of eleven, he signed up as a sailor's apprentice; he would later say, "I have seen the world; it is not beautiful". Back in Marseilles, on March 31, 1899, he stole from a pawn shop, his first action as an illegalist. He was later arrested in Toulon and faked insanity to avoid five years of prison. On April 19, 1900, he escaped from the Montperrin asylum in Aix-en-Provence with the assistance of a male nurse, Royère, and took refuge in Sète. There he organized a band of men, calling them "the workers of the night." The principles were simple: one does not kill, except to protect his life and his freedom from the police. A percentage of the stolen money was to be invested into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Serge
Victor Serge (; 1890–1947), born Victor Lvovich Kibalchich (russian: Ви́ктор Льво́вич Киба́льчич), was a Russian revolutionary Marxist, novelist, poet and historian. Originally an anarchist, he joined the Bolsheviks five months after arriving in Petrograd in January 1919 and later worked for the Comintern as a journalist, editor and translator. He was critical of the Stalinist regime and remained a revolutionary Marxist until his death. He is best remembered for his '' Memoirs of a Revolutionary'' and series of seven "witness-novels" chronicling the lives of Soviet people and revolutionaries and of the first half of the 20th century. Works available in English Fiction * ''The Long Dusk'' or ''Last Times'' (1946) Translator: Ralph Manheim; New York : The Dial Press. Translation of ''Les dernier temps'', Montreal 1946. * ''The Case of Comrade Tulayev'' (1967) Translator: Willard R. Trask; New York : New York Review of Books Classics. Translation of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarchism
Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not necessarily limited to, governments, nation states, and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies or other forms of free associations. As a historically left-wing movement, usually placed on the farthest left of the political spectrum, it is usually described alongside communalism and libertarian Marxism as the libertarian wing (libertarian socialism) of the socialist movement. Humans lived in societies without formal hierarchies long before the establishment of formal states, realms, or empires. With the rise of organised hierarchical bodies, scepticism toward authority also rose. Although traces of anarchist thought are found throughout history, modern anarchism emerged from the Enlightenment. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wage Labour
Wage labour (also wage labor in American English), usually referred to as paid work, paid employment, or paid labour, refers to the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer in which the worker sells their labour power under a formal or informal employment contract. These transactions usually occur in a labour market where wages or salaries are market-determined. In exchange for the money paid as wages (usual for short-term work-contracts) or salaries (in permanent employment contracts), the work product generally becomes the undifferentiated property of the employer. A wage labourer is a person whose primary means of income is from the selling of their labour in this way. Characteristics In modern mixed economies such as those of the OECD countries, it is currently the most common form of work arrangement. Although most labour is organised as per this structure, the wage work arrangements of CEOs, professional employees, and professional contract wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'Anarchie
''L'Anarchie'' (, ''anarchy'') was a French individualist anarchist journal established in April 1905 by Albert Libertad. Along with Libertad, contributors to the journal included Émile Armand, André Lorulot, Émilie Lamotte, Raymond Callemin, and Victor Serge). The magazine was based in Paris. 484 editions were published between 13 April 1905 and 22 July 1914. On 21 April 1926 Louis Louvet relaunched ''L'Anarchie'', which appeared until 1929. Founding L'Anarchie was founded by Albert Libertad in 1905, with the first issue appearing on April 13. Libertad was a more militant anarchist, urging individuals to rebel, instead of the more common idea of a social revolution. L'Anarchie was against Anarcho-syndicalism and the traditional anarchism of Kropotkin or Bakunin, believing in the act of rebelling as individuals rather than the utopian egalitarian society most Anarcho-Syndicalists fight for. Émile Armand said in an interview that " ibertadknew of Stirner and Nietzsc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Repeating Rifle
A repeating rifle is a single- barreled rifle capable of repeated discharges between each ammunition reloads. This is typically achieved by having multiple cartridges stored in a magazine (within or attached to the gun) and then fed individually into the chamber by a reciprocating bolt, via either a manual or automatic action mechanism, while the act of chambering the round typically also recocks the hammer/ striker for the following shot. In common usage, the term "repeating rifle" most often refers specifically to manual repeating rifles (e.g. lever-action, pump-action, bolt-action, etc.), as opposed to self-loading rifles, which use the recoil and/or blowback of the previous shot to cycle the action and load the next round, even though all self-loading firearms are technically a subcategory of repeating firearms. Repeating rifles were a significant advance over the preceding single-shot breechloading rifles when used for military combat, as they allowed a much greater rat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
