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Ilizarov Apparatus
In medicine, the Ilizarov apparatus is a type of external fixation apparatus used in orthopedic surgery to lengthen or to reshape the damaged bones of an arm or a leg; used as a limb-sparing technique for treating complex fractures and open bone fractures; and used to treat an infected non-union of bones, which cannot be surgically resolved. The Ilizarov apparatus corrects angular deformity in a leg, corrects differences in the lengths of the legs of the patient, and resolves osteopathic non-unions; further developments of the Ilizarov apparatus progressed to the development of the Taylor Spatial Frame. The Ilizarov apparatus was developed by Dr. Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov, a Soviet surgeon, who, in the 1950s, used external fixation apparatuses to treat the osteopathic non-unions of patients with broken limbs. In the course of treatment, Ilizarov observed the formation of a callus, and so discovered the phenomenon of distraction osteogenesis when one patient lengthened, rather ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibia
The tibia (; ), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane. The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of leg, forming a type of fibrous joint called a syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia is named for the flute ''tibia''. It is the second largest bone in the human body, after the femur. The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body. Structure In human anatomy, the tibia is the second largest bone next to the femur. As in other vertebrates the tibia is one of two bones in the lower leg, the other being the fibula, and is a component of the knee and ankle joints. The ossification or formation of the bone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tension (physics)
In physics, tension is described as the pulling force transmitted axially by the means of a string, a rope, chain, or similar object, or by each end of a rod, truss member, or similar three-dimensional object; tension might also be described as the action-reaction pair of forces acting at each end of said elements. Tension could be the opposite of compression (physics), compression. At the atomic level, when atoms or molecules are pulled apart from each other and gain potential energy with a restoring force still existing, the restoring force might create what is also called tension. Each end of a string or rod under such tension could pull on the object it is attached to, in order to restore the string/rod to its relaxed length. Tension (as a transmitted force, as an action-reaction pair of forces, or as a restoring force) is measured in newton (unit), newtons in the International System of Units (or pounds-force in Imperial units). The ends of a string or other object transmitt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bone Healing
Bone healing, or fracture healing, is a proliferative physiological process in which the body facilitates the repair of a bone fracture. Generally, bone fracture treatment consists of a doctor reducing (pushing) displaced bones back into place via relocation with or without anaesthetic, stabilizing their position to aid union, and then waiting for the bone's natural healing process to occur. Adequate nutrient intake has been found to significantly affect the integrity of the fracture repair. Age, bone type, drug therapy and pre-existing bone pathology are factors that affect healing. The role of bone healing is to produce new bone without a scar as seen in other tissues which would be a structural weakness or deformity. The process of the entire regeneration of the bone can depend on the angle of dislocation or fracture. While the bone formation usually spans the entire duration of the healing process, in some instances, bone marrow within the fracture has healed two or fewer w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contracture
In pathology, a contracture is a permanent shortening of a muscle or joint. It is usually in response to prolonged hypertonic spasticity in a concentrated muscle area, such as is seen in the tightest muscles of people with conditions like spastic cerebral palsy, but can also be due to the congenital abnormal development of muscles and connective tissue in the womb. Contractures develop when normally elastic tissues such as muscles or tendons are replaced by inelastic tissues (fibrosis). This results in the shortening and hardening of these tissues, ultimately causing rigidity, joint deformities and a total loss of movement around the joint. Most of the physical therapy, occupational therapy and other exercise regimens targeted towards people with spasticity focuses on trying to prevent contractures from happening in the first place. However, research on sustained traction of connective tissue in approaches such as adaptive yoga has demonstrated that contracture can be reduced, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achilles Tendon
The Achilles tendon or heel cord, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a tendon at the back of the lower leg, and is the thickest in the human body. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. These muscles, acting via the tendon, cause plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint, and (except the soleus) flexion at the knee. Abnormalities of the Achilles tendon include inflammation ( Achilles tendinitis), degeneration, rupture, and becoming embedded with cholesterol deposits (xanthomas). The Achilles tendon was named in 1693 after the Greek hero Achilles. History The oldest-known written record of the tendon being named for Achilles is in 1693 by the Flemish/Dutch anatomist Philip Verheyen. In his widely used text he described the tendon's location and said that it was commonly called "the cord of Achilles." The tendon has been described as early as the time of Hippocrates, who described it as the "" (Latin f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ed Vulliamy
Edward Sebastian Vulliamy (born 1 August 1954) is a British journalist and writer. Early life and education Vulliamy was born and raised in Notting Hill, London. His mother was the children's author and illustrator Shirley Hughes, his father was the architect John Sebastian Vulliamy, of the Vulliamy family, and his grandfathers were the Liverpool store owner Thomas Hughes and the author C. E. Vulliamy. He was educated at the independent University College School and at Hertford College, Oxford, where he won an Open Scholarship, wrote a thesis on the Northern Ireland "Troubles" and graduated in Politics and Philosophy. Career 1970s-1990s In 1979, he joined Granada Television's current affairs programme ''World in Action'', and in 1985 won a Royal Television Society (RTS) Award for a film about Ireland. In 1986, he joined ''The Guardian'' as a reporter, later Rome correspondent covering the Mafia and Southern Europe. From there, he covered the Balkan wars, revealing a gulag of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast
Kurgan ( rus, Курган, p=kʊrˈgan) is the largest city and the administrative center of Kurgan Oblast in the south of the Urals Federal District of Russia. Population: . Until 1782 Kurgan bore the name ''Tsaryovo Gorodishche''. History An urban settlement was established here between 1659 and 1662 as Tsaryovo Gorodishche (, meaning ''Imperial Citadel'') by Timofey Nevezhin, a farmer from Tyumen. In the ensuing years it was developed as a fortress town. It served as a frontier post and its fortified position enabled it to defend other Russian settlements from nomad attacks. Nevertheless, it was itself not always able to withstand such attacks, and was sometimes plundered and burnt down. The city was granted city privileges by the Empress Catherine the Great in 1782, which is when it acquired its present name and became the seat of an uyezd. The present name is taken from a large kurgan (burial mound) close to the original settlement. Its coat of arms was granted on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Mauri
Carlo Mauri (25 March 1930 – 31 May 1982) was an Italian mountaineer and explorer. Mauri was born in Lecco. Among his early climbs in the Alps two stand out: the first winter ascent of the ''via Comici'' route on the northern face of Cima Grande di Lavaredo; and the first solitary ascent of the ''Poire'' of Mont Blanc. Numerous expeditions abroad followed. In 1956 he reached the summit of Monte Sarmiento in Tierra del Fuego and in 1958, as a member of Riccardo Cassin’s expedition in Karakorum, he and Walter Bonatti made the first ascent of Gasherbrum IV (7,925 m). In 1969, and again in 1970, he was a member of Thor Heyerdahl's expedition which crossed the Atlantic Ocean in ''Ra I'' and ''Ra II'', vessels made of papyrus. Following the Ra expeditions, Mauri took part in many others including following the route of Marco Polo in the Asian steppes and exploring Patagonia and the Amazon. He also made several documentary films of his travels, some of them produced for the Ita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valeriy Brumel
Valeriy Nikolayevich Brumel (russian: Валерий Николаевич Брумель; 14 April 1942 – 26 January 2003)Great Russian Encyclopedia (2006), Moscow: Bol'shaya Rossiyskaya Enciklopediya Publisher, vol. 4, p. 243 was a Russian high jumper. The 1964 Olympic champion and multiple world record holder, he is regarded as one of the greatest athletes ever to compete in the high jump. His international career was ended by a motorcycle crash in 1965. Early life and education Brumel was born in a far eastern Siberian village to a family of geologists exploring the region. They later moved to Luhansk and taught at a local university. Athletic career Brumel took up the high jump at age 12 in Lugansk, coached by P. S. Shtein. Aged 16 he cleared using the then dominant straight-leg straddle technique. He improved his skills under the coaching of V. M. Dyachkov in Moscow. In 1960 he broke the USSR record, , and was selected to the Olympic team. At the 1960 Summer Olympics, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonunion
Nonunion is permanent failure of healing following a broken bone unless intervention (such as surgery) is performed. A fracture with nonunion generally forms a structural resemblance to a fibrous joint, and is therefore often called a "false joint" or pseudoarthrosis (from Greek ''pseudo-'', meaning false, and , meaning joint). The diagnosis is generally made when there is no healing between two sets of medical imaging, such as X-ray or CT scan. This is generally after 6–8 months.Page 542 in: Nonunion is a serious complication of a fracture and may occur when the fracture moves too much, has a poor supp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valeriy Brumel 1968
The French name Valery () is a male given name or surname of Germanic origin ''Walaric'' (see Walric of Leuconay), that has often been confused in modern times with the Latin name ''Valerius''—that explains the variant spelling Valéry (). The Slavic given name Valery, Valeriy or Valeri derives directly from the Latin name ''Valerius''. Given name * Valery Afanassiev, Russian pianist and author * Valery V. Afanasyev, Russian hockey coach * Valery Asratyan (1958–1996), Soviet serial killer * Valery Belenky, Azerbaijani-German former Olympic artistic gymnast * Valeriy Belousov, Russian decathlete * Valeri Bojinov, Bulgarian international footballer * Valery Bryusov, Russian poet * Valeri Bukrejev, Estonian pole vaulter * Valeri Bure, Russian ice hockey player * Valery Chkalov, Russian aircraft test pilot * Valery Gazzaev, Russian football manager * Valery Gerasimov, Russian General, the current Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia, and first Deputy Defen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Fracture
An open fracture, also called a compound fracture, is a type of bone fracture in orthopedics that is frequently caused by high energy trauma. It is a bone fracture, also known as a broken bone, associated with a break in the skin continuity which can cause complications such as infection, malunion, and nonunion. Gustilo open fracture classification is the most commonly used method to classify open fractures, to guide treatment and to predict clinical outcomes. Advanced trauma life support is the first line of action in dealing with open fractures and to rule out other life-threatening condition in cases of trauma. Cephalosporins are generally the first line of antibiotics. The antibiotics are continued for 24 hours to minimize the risk of infections. Therapeutic irrigation, wound debridement, early wound closure and bone fixation are the main management of open fractures. All these actions aimed to reduce the risk of infections. Classification There are a number of classificat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
