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Ikhtilaf
Ikhtilāf ( ar, اختلاف, lit=disagreement, difference) is an Islamic scholarly religious disagreement, and is hence the opposite of ijma. Direction in Quran After Muhammad's death, the Verse of Obedience stipulates that disagreements or Ikhtilaf are to be arbitrated by referring to the Quran and Sunnah. While those in authority are absent from arbitration here, they are mentioned elsewhere in verse 5:83, which includes the passage, "And whenever tidings come unto them, whether of security or fear, they spread it about, whereas had they referred it to the Messenger and to those in authority among them, those of them whose task it is to investigate would have known it." Lalani attributes to the Twelver Imam al-Baqir () this argument, which also appears in '' al-Jami' li-ahkam al-Quran'' by the Sunni al-Qurtubi (). According to Verse of Obedience, if there is any debate or ikhtilaf about any religious matter or rule, then Quran orders to retern to Quran and Sunnah to dismiss i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uli Al-amr
In Islamic culture, the term ''uli al-am''r (أولي آل عمرو) refers to "those charged with authority or responsibility or decision, or the settlement of affairs". It is referenced in the 59th verse of the Surat An-Nisā' section of the Qur'an, and outlines the necessity of Islamic followers to obey the control of Allah, Muhammed and those in authority as long as they too obey Allah and Muhammad. They are seen as the leaders and scholars of Islamic culture.كيف نفهم حديث رسولِ الله -صلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّم- بالسَّمع والطَّاعة لوليِّ الأمر حتى لو جلدَ ظهركَ، وأخذ مالَك ؟ [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ikhtilaf
Ikhtilāf ( ar, اختلاف, lit=disagreement, difference) is an Islamic scholarly religious disagreement, and is hence the opposite of ijma. Direction in Quran After Muhammad's death, the Verse of Obedience stipulates that disagreements or Ikhtilaf are to be arbitrated by referring to the Quran and Sunnah. While those in authority are absent from arbitration here, they are mentioned elsewhere in verse 5:83, which includes the passage, "And whenever tidings come unto them, whether of security or fear, they spread it about, whereas had they referred it to the Messenger and to those in authority among them, those of them whose task it is to investigate would have known it." Lalani attributes to the Twelver Imam al-Baqir () this argument, which also appears in '' al-Jami' li-ahkam al-Quran'' by the Sunni al-Qurtubi (). According to Verse of Obedience, if there is any debate or ikhtilaf about any religious matter or rule, then Quran orders to retern to Quran and Sunnah to dismiss i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Terminology
The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from Islamic and associated cultural (Arab, Persian, Turkish) traditions, which are expressed as words in Arabic or Persian language. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place. Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of dawah. Arabic, like all languages, contains words whose meanings differ across various contexts. Arabic is written in its own alphabet, with letters, symbols, and orthographic conventions that do not have exact equivalents in the Latin alphabet (see Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verse Of Obedience
The Verse of Obedience ( ar, آيَة ٱلطَّاعَة) refers to verse 4:59 of the central religious text in Islam, the Quran, which reads In Sunni Islam, "those in authority" () in this verse variously refers to Caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar, the (military) commanders of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his companions, or religious scholars, though the prevalent Sunni view identifies those in authority as the rulers of the Muslim communities. In Twelver Shia Islam, those in authority are the Twelve Imams, and the absolute obedience mandated in this verse is viewed as evidence of the Imams' infallibility. Sunni view In Sunni Islam, the verse is linked to Muhammad's appointment of Abd Allah ibn Hudhafa to command a detachment in the Muslim army. The obedience to Muhammad and those in authority is tantamount in this verse to the obedience to God, which the historian al-Tabari () supports with a prophetic hadith in his exegesis. After the death of Muhammad, most Sunni commentator ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bid‘ah
In Islam, bid'ah ( ar, بدعة; en, innovation) refers to innovation in religious matters. Linguistically, the term means "innovation, novelty, heretical doctrine, heresy". In classical Arabic literature ('' adab''), it has been used as a form of praise for outstanding compositions of prose and poetry. Traditional view In early Islamic history, bid'ah referred primarily to heterodox doctrines. In Islamic law, when used without qualification, bid'ah denotes any newly invented matter that is without precedent and is in opposition to the Quran and Sunnah. Scholars generally have divided bid'ah into two types: innovations in worldly matters and innovations in religious matters.''Al-Qawaa'id wal-Usool al-Jaami'ah wal-Furooq wat-Taqaaseem al-Badee'ah an-Naafi'ah'' by Abd ar-Rahman ibn Naasir as-Sa'di Some have additionally divided bid'ah into lawful and unlawful innovations, the details of which are discussed below. Introducing and acting upon a bid'ah in religious matters is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adiaphora
Adiaphoron (; plural: adiaphora; from the Greek (pl. ), meaning "not different or differentiable") is the negation of ''diaphora'', "difference". In Cynicism, adiaphora represents indifference to the s of life. In Pyrrhonism, it indicates things that cannot be logically differentiated. Unlike in Stoicism, the term has no specific connection to morality. In Stoicism, it indicates actions that morality neither mandates nor forbids. In the context of Stoicism adiaphora is usually translated as "indifference". In Christianity, adiaphora are matters not regarded as essential to faith, but nevertheless as permissible for Christians or allowed in the church. What is specifically considered adiaphora depends on the specific theology in view. Cynicism The Cynics cultivate adiaphora, by which they meant indifference to the vicissitudes of life, through ascetic practices which help one become free from influences – such as wealth, fame, and power – that have no value in nature. Exampl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Al-Hajib
Jamāl al-Dīn abū ʿAmr ʿUthmān ibn ʿUmar ibn Abī bakr al-Mālikī (died in 1249 in Alexandria), known as Ibn al-Ḥājib, was a Kurdish grammarian and jurist who earned a reputation as a prominent Maliki faqīh. Life Al-Hadjib was born after 1174/5 in the village of Asna in northern Egypt to a father who worked as a chamberlain for Emir lzz al-DIn Musak al-Salahi. Al-Hadjib studied Islamic studies in Cairo with success, especially with al-Shatibi and al-Ghazali. According to local documents from the 1210s, he taught in Cairo until about 1220/21 before moving to Damascus, where he taught at the Maliki zawiya in the Great Mosque. He was expelled from Damascus after a dispute with the Ayyubid ruler of Damascus As-Salih Ismail between 1240 and 1242. He moved back to Cairo and afterwards Alexandria and ultimately died in 1249. Students of al-Hadjib include Ibn al-Munayyir who was a teacher of Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati. Work As a jurist, he was the first to merge the doctrin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Words And Phrases In Sharia
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arabs, Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard Prestige (sociolinguistics), prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as First language, mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghulat
The ( ar, غلاة, 'exaggerators', 'extremists', 'transgressors', singular ) were a branch of early Shi'i Muslims thus named by other Shi'i and Sunni Muslims for their purportedly 'exaggerated' veneration of the prophet Muhammad (–632) and his family, most notably Ali ibn Abi Talib (–661) and his descendants, the Shi'i Imams. The term mainly refers to a wide variety of now extinct Shi'i sects who were active in 8th/9th-century Kufa (southern Iraq), and who despite their sometimes significant differences shared a number of common ideas. These common ideas included the attribution of a divine nature to the Imams, the belief that souls can migrate between different human and non-human bodies ( or metempsychosis), a particular creation myth involving pre-existent 'shadows' () whose fall from grace produced the material world, and an emphasis on secrecy and dissociation from outsiders. The ideas of the have at times been compared to those of the late antique gnostics, but th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Suyuti
Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti ( ar, جلال الدين السيوطي, Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī) ( 1445–1505 CE),; (Brill 2nd) or Al-Suyuti, was an Arab Egyptian polymath, Islamic scholar, historian, Sufi, and jurist. From a family of Persian origin, he was described as one of the most prolific writers of the Middle Ages. His biographical dictionary ''Bughyat al-Wuʻāh fī Ṭabaqāt al-Lughawīyīn wa-al-Nuḥāh'' contains valuable accounts of prominent figures in the early development of Arabic philology. He was appointed to a chair in the mosque of Baybars in Cairo in 1486, and was an authority of the Shafi'i school of thought (''madhhab''). Biography Al-Suyuti was born on 3 October 1445 AD (1 Rajab 849 AH) in Cairo, Egypt. He hailed from a Persian family on his paternal side. His mother was Circassian. According to al-Suyuti his ancestors came from al-Khudayriyya in Baghdad. His family moved to Asyut in Mamluk Egypt, hence the ''nisba'' "Al-Suyuti". His father taught Sha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Jami Al-Saghir
Al-Jami' as-Saghir ( ar-at, الجامع الصغير , lit=The little collection, ') is a Sunni hadith collection authored by the Islamic scholar Jalaluddin al-Suyuti (1445 – 1505 CE/ 849 - 911 H). Description Al-Jami' al-Kabir As-Saghir is an abridgement of al-Suyuti's larger work al-Jami' al-Kabir, which in turn was further ordered and arranged in al-Mutaqqi al-Hindi's work Kanz al-Ummal. Contents As-Saghir is a non-primary hadith work which contains 10,031 hadith. See also *List of Sunni books This is a list of significant books in the doctrines of Sunni Islam. A classical example of an index of Islamic books can be found in Kitāb al-Fihrist of Ibn Al-Nadim. The Qur'an and its translations (in English) :# ''The Meaning of the Glorio ... References External linksJami' al-Saghir- Online library page where one can access digitised scans of a hand written manuscript, translations, authentication works and the original arabic printed in 11 volumes. Sunni literatur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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