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Iguanodectinae
Iguanodectinae is a subfamily of small freshwater fish in the family Iguanodectidae. They are most prominently found in the Amazon river basin and its major tributaries, but they are also known from the Tocantins, Orinoco, and Paraguay rivers. It has two genera, ''Piabucus'' and ''Iguanodectes''. Some species in the subfamily are taken from the wild for aquariums, like the red- and green-line lizard tetras (''Iguanodectes geisleri'' and ''Iguanodectes spilurus'', respectively). There is minor, but ongoing, debate regarding its taxonomy. Description Members of Iguanodectinae are generally fairly small, none more than 13 cm in length. Members of ''Piabucus'' are slightly larger than members of ''Iguanodectes'', reaching a maximum of 12.9 cm (5.1 in), while members of ''Iguanodectes'' only reach 10.3 cm (4.1 in). They are slender and rather elongate in body shape, comparable to minnows; ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann, who named the subfamily, likened them to smelt. Their scales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguanodectes
''Iguanodectes'' is a genus of freshwater fish found in tropical South America, with eight currently described species. They are all small tetras, none longer than 5 inches, and often have attractive silvery or striped scales, which makes them a target for the ornamental fish industry. Alongside the genus ''Piabucus'', it is in the subfamily Iguanodectinae, which in turn is in the family Iguanodectidae. The genus ''Bryconops'', which is also in Iguanodectidae, makes up a sister clade to Iguanodectinae. Description Members of ''Iguanodectes'' are relatively slender, shaped somewhat like minnows; ichthyologists Carl H. Eigenmann and James Erwin Böhlke both compared them to smelt in general body composition. The largest (''Iguanodectes variatus'') reaches 10.3 cm (4.1 in) at a maximum in SL, and the smallest (''Iguanodectes gracilis'') 4.6 cm (1.6 in). This size makes them relatively easy to keep in captivity, and so several species of ''Iguanodectes'' - as with the whole subfamil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguanodectidae
Iguanodectidae is a family of freshwater fish in the order Characiformes that lives in South America. It is home to the subfamily Iguanodectinae (Eigenmann, 1909) and the monotypic ''Bryconops'' clade. Several species in the family, such as the green line lizard tetra (''Iguanodectes spilurus''), the tailspot tetra (''Bryconops caudomaculatus''), and the orangefin tetra (''Bryconops affinis''), are sometimes taken as aquarium fish. Description Iguanodectids are generally small, and are brightly colored or reflective, making them moderately-popular ornamental fish. They range from 3.1 cm to 15 cm SL (standard length). They are rather narrow in shape, somewhat resembling minnows; ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann compared them to smelt. Habitat Iguanodectids are found in South America, spread all across the northern half of the continent. Though they primarily inhabit freshwater, Iguanodectid fishes are known to tolerate brackish water as well. Habitat destruction, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piabucus
''Piabucus'' is a genus of freshwater tetras in the family Iguanodectidae. All three species are found in South America, largely the Amazon and its major tributaries. None of them are longer than half a foot long, with the largest reaching a maximum size of 12.9 cm (5.0 in), and they are slender, with relatively deep chests and long pectoral fins. Their scales are pale or silvery, with lateral lines that stand out. At least one species, ''Piabucus dentatus'', is known to be collected for the aquarium industry. All three species are sometimes given the collective name "chin tetras" by sellers, in reference to markings on the lower jaw. However, none of the species are considered endangered, so capture of wild specimens is not an immediate threat to population numbers. As well as this, collection is not happening at a high enough rate to be of any concern. ''Piabucus'' has a close relative in the genus ''Iguanodectes''. The two are paired in the subfamily Iguanodectinae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguanodectes Geisleri
''Iguanodectes geisleri'', the red-line lizard tetra, is a species of freshwater fish from South America. It is a small species, largely herbivorous with some omnivorous traits, that prefers to live in schools and is partial to shallow waters, especially in blackwater habitats. Some aspects of its body plan are unique amongst its genus, including the position and length of the anal fin. Much of ''I. geisleri's'' behavior is known from observation in aquaria, but the middlingly-limited research in wild settings lines up with what fish keepers have noted. Though taken from the wild for export to various countries, ''I. geisleri'' - and members of ''Iguanodectes'' as a whole - are not sought out often enough for excessive capture to be of any concern. Description ''Iguanodectes geisleri'' is a small fish, reaching a maximum of 5.5 cm (2.2 in) standard length (SL). It has a lateral stripe that is divided horizontally into three colors - red at the top, then yellow-green, then bla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Characidae
Characidae, the characids or characins is a family of freshwater subtropical and tropical fish, belonging to the order Characiformes. The name "characins" is the historical one, but scientists today tend to prefer "characids" to reflect their status as a by and large monophyletic group at family rank. To arrive there, this family has undergone much systematic and taxonomic change. Among those fishes that remain in the Characidae for the time being are the tetras, comprising the very similar genera ''Hemigrammus'' and ''Hyphessobrycon'', as well as a few related forms such as the cave and neon tetras. Fish of this family are important as food and also include popular aquarium fish species. These fish vary in length, though many are less than . One of the smallest species, ''Hyphessobrycon roseus'', grows to a maximum length of 1.9 cm. These fish inhabit a wide range and a variety of habitats. They originate in the Americas, ranging from southwestern Texas and Mexico through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryconops
''Bryconops'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Iguanodectidae from South America. It consists of small fish, all under half-a-foot long, with slender bodies and silvery scales, though there is some mild color variation. Several species can be identified by way of a humeral patch (a mark near the pectoral fin), and others have a reddish ocellus, or eyespot, on one or both lobes of the dorsal fin. Many ''Bryconops'' prefer clearwater environments with a strong current, though some are partial to slow-moving blackwater, and several are endemic to their locale. The majority of species are from Brazil or Venezuela. Rivers and river basins that house species of ''Bryconops'' include the Tapajos, Orinoco, Tocantins, Negro, and Madeira. Few species of ''Bryconops'' have been evaluated as far as conservation status, but most of them are believed to be low-risk species. The greatest threats to population levels come almost entirely in the form of anthropogenic hazards, inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have taken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Erwin Böhlke
James Erwin Böhlke (1930–1982) was an American ichthyologist. From 1954 to 1982, he was curator of the Department of Ichthyology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (today the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University). He published over 120 papers on diverse groups of fishes and topics, primarily in his areas of expertise, fishes of the Bahamas, Caribbean, and South America. His wife Eugenia (Genie) Brandt Böhlke (1928–2001) was also a noted ichthyologist. The serranid fish genus ''Jeboehlkia ''Jeboehlkia'' is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fish, related to the groupers and classified within the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae. It is a species of relatively deep water which is found in the western Atlantic Oc ...'' is named in his honour, See also * :Taxa named by James Erwin Böhlke References {{DEFAULTSORT:Bohlke, James Erwin 1930 births 1982 deaths American ichthyologists 20th-century American zoologists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, colour, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of the internal parts like bones and organs, i.e. internal morphology (or anatomy). This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function. Morphology is a branch of life science dealing with the study of gross structure of an organism or taxon and its component parts. History The etymology of the word "morphology" is from the Ancient Greek (), meaning "form", and (), meaning "word, study, research". While the concept of form in biology, opposed to function, dates back to Aristotle (see Aristotle's biology), the field of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist and physiologist Karl Friedrich Burdach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic Taxon
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek language, Greek wikt:φυλή, φυλή/wikt:φῦλον, φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, Protein, protein Amino acid, amino acid sequences, or Morphology (biology), morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premaxilla
The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammal has been usually termed as the incisive bone. Other terms used for this structure include premaxillary bone or ''os premaxillare'', intermaxillary bone or ''os intermaxillare'', and Goethe's bone. Human anatomy In human anatomy, the premaxilla is referred to as the incisive bone (') and is the part of the maxilla which bears the incisor teeth, and encompasses the anterior nasal spine and alar region. In the nasal cavity, the premaxillary element projects higher than the maxillary element behind. The palatal portion of the premaxilla is a bony plate with a generally transverse orientation. The incisive foramen is bound anteriorly and laterally by the premaxilla and posteriorly by the palatine process of the maxilla. It is formed from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
