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IgCAM
IgSF CAMs (Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules) are cell adhesion molecules that belong to Immunoglobulin superfamily. It is regarded as the most diverse superfamily of CAMs. This family is characterized by their extracellular domains containing Ig-like domains. The Ig domains are then followed by Fibronectin type III domain repeats and IgSFs are anchored to the membrane by a GPI moiety. This family is involved in both homophilic or heterophilic binding and has the ability to bind integrins or different IgSF CAMs. Examples Here is a list of some molecules of this family: *NCAMs Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules *ICAM-1 Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule *VCAM-1 Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule *PECAM-1 Platelet-endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule *MAdCAM-1 Mucosal Vascular Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule *L1 family including L1 (protein), CHL1, Neurofascin and NrCAM * SIGLEC family including Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG, SIGLEC-4), CD22 and CD83 *CTX family includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Adhesion Molecule
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a subset of cell surface proteins that are involved in the binding of cells with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM), in a process called cell adhesion. In essence, CAMs help cells stick to each other and to their surroundings. CAMs are crucial components in maintaining tissue structure and function. In fully developed animals, these molecules play an integral role in generating force and movement and consequently ensuring that organs are able to execute their functions normally. In addition to serving as "molecular glue", CAMs play important roles in the cellular mechanisms of growth, contact inhibition, and apoptosis. Aberrant expression of CAMs may result in a wide range of pathologies, ranging from frostbite to cancer. Structure CAMs are typically single-pass transmembrane receptors and are composed of three conserved domains: an intracellular domain that interacts with the cytoskeleton, a transmembrane domain, and an extrac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myelin-associated Glycoprotein
Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG, Siglec-4) is a type 1 transmembrane protein glycoprotein localized in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte membranes, where it plays a role in glial-axonal interactions. MAG is a member of the SIGLEC family of proteins and is a functional ligand of the NOGO-66 receptor, NgR. MAG is believed to be involved in myelination during nerve regeneration in the PNS and is vital for the long-term survival of the myelinated axons following myelinogenesis. In the CNS MAG is one of three main myelin-associated inhibitors of axonal regeneration after injury, making it an important protein for future research on neurogenesis in the CNS. Structure MAG is a 100 kDA glycoprotein. Uncleaved MAG is a complete transmembrane form, which acts as a signaling and adhesion molecule. MAG can also act as a signaling molecule as a soluble protein after it has been proteolytically shed. This form of the protein is called dMAG. Adhesion MAG has an extend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HEPACAM2
HEPACAM family member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HEPACAM2 gene. Function This gene encodes a protein related to the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays a role in mitosis. Knockdown of this gene results in prometaphase arrest, abnormal nuclear morphology, and apoptosis. Poly ( ADP-ribosylation) of the encoded protein promotes its translocation to centrosomes, which may stimulate centrosome maturation. A chromosomal deletion including this gene may be associated with myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome A myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is one of a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature, and as a result, do not develop into healthy blood cells. Early on, no symptoms typically are seen. Later, symptoms may ... in human patients. References Further reading {{gene-7-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HEPACAM
Gene HEPACAM*, named based on its original site of identification - hepatocytes and the nature of its protein product - a cell adhesion molecule (CAM), was first discovered and characterised in human liver and reported by Shali Shen (MD, PhD) in 2005. The gene encodes a protein of 416 amino acids, designated as hepaCAM**, which is a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (IgSF CAM). The main biological functions of hepaCAM include a) modulating cell-matrix adhesion and migration, and b) inhibiting cancer cell growth. (Note: *HEPACAM, gene name; **hepaCAM, protein name) Discovery Through differential screening of gene expression, over 200 genes were found to be either up- or down-regulated in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient. These genes were subsequently evaluated against a panel of human HCC specimens, leading to the identification of a novel gene HEPN1. Based on the sequence of HEPN1, the new gene HEPACAM was then isolated and characterised. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD48
CD48 antigen (Cluster of Differentiation 48) also known as B-lymphocyte activation marker (BLAST-1) or signaling lymphocytic activation molecule 2 (SLAMF2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD48 gene. CD48 is a member of the CD2 subfamily of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) which includes SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecules) proteins, such as CD84, CD150, CD229 and CD244. CD48 is found on the surface of lymphocytes and other immune cells, dendritic cells and endothelial cells, and participates in activation and differentiation pathways in these cells. CD48 was the first B-cell-specific cellular differentiation antigen identified in transformed B lymphoblasts. Structure The gene for CD48 is located in chromosome 1q23 and contains 4 exons, each exon encoding one of the 4 domains of CD48: signal peptide, variable (V) domain, constant 2 (C2) domain and the glycophosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI anchor). The cDNA sequence of 1137 nucleotides encodes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CADM1
Cell adhesion molecule 1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ''CADM1'' gene. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of CADM1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''Cadm1tm1.2Brd'' was generated. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty six tests were carried out on homozygous mutant mice and one significant abnormality was observed: males were infertile. Further analysis showed spermatogenesis had arrested in these mice. Interactions Cell adhesion molecule 1 has been shown to interact with EPB41L3. Association studies Genome-wide association studies identified an association between body mass index and two loci near the ''CADM1'' and ''CADM2'' gene. Experimental results of another study showed that obese mice had an over expression of both ''CADM1'' and ''CADM2'' genes, and that loss of ''CADM1'' protected mice from obesity, promoting a negative energy balance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectin
Nectins and Nectin-like molecules (Necl) are families of cellular adhesion molecules involved in Ca2+-independent cellular adhesion. Nectins are ubiquitously expressed and have adhesive roles in a wide range of tissues such as the adherens junction of epithelia or the chemical synapse of the neuronal tissue. Diversity So far four nectins have been identified in humans, namely nectin-1, nectin-2, nectin-3 and nectin-4. These four family members have also been found in most other well studied mammals. Also, five Necls have been identified, these are: Necl-1, Necl-2, Necl-3, Necl-4 and Necl-5. Structure All nectins and all Necls share the same overall structure defined by three extra cellular immunoglobulin domains, a single transmembrane helix and an intracellular domain. For all nectins the intracellular domain can bind a scaffold protein named afadin (the product of the MLLT4 gene). All nectins and Necls can form homo-cis dimers, meaning a dimer of two alike molecules o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ESAM (gene)
Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ESAM'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * {{gene-11-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coxsackie Virus And Adenovirus Receptor
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CXADR'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackie viruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. CAR protein is expressed in several tissues, including heart, brain, and, more generally, epithelial and endothelial cells. In cardiac muscle, CAR is localized to intercalated disc structures, which electrically and mechanically couple adjacent cardiomyocytes. CAR plays an important role in the pathogenesis of myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and in arrhythmia susceptibility following myocardial infarction or myocardial ischemia. In addition, an isoform of CAR (CAR-SIV) has been recently identified in the cytoplasm of pancreatic beta cells. It's been suggested that CAR-SIV resides in the insulin secreting granules and might be involved in the virus infection of these cells. Structure Human CAR protein has a theoretical molecular weight of 40.0 kDa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junctional Adhesion Molecule
A junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) is a protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and is expressed in a variety of different tissues, such as leukocytes, platelets, and epithelial and endothelial cells. They have been shown to regulate signal complex assembly on both their cytoplasmic and extracellular domains through interaction with scaffolding that contains a PDZ domain and adjacent cell's receptors, respectively. JAMs adhere to adjacent cells through interactions with integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1, which are contained in leukocyte β2 and α4β1, which is contained in β1. JAMs have many influences on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, which are primarily moderated by the integrins discussed above. They interact in their cytoplasmic domain with scaffold proteins that contain a PDZ domain, which are common protein interaction modules that target short amino acid sequences at the C-terminus of proteins, to form tight junctions in both epithelial and endoth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CTX (molecule)
CTX is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings: Programmer and Mapper * Супер пупер программист и маппер создает карты в кс го Medical * C-terminal telopeptide, a blood serum biomarker that can be measured to assess bone turnover * Ceftriaxone, an antibiotic *Cefotaxime, an antibiotic * Cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis, a genetic disorder * Charybdotoxin, a toxin found in scorpion venom * Chemotherapy, treatment of cancer with cytotoxic drugs * Cholera toxin, a toxin responsible for the harmful effects of cholera * Ciguatoxin, a neurotoxin produced by marine dinoflagellates * Conotoxin, a toxin found in cone snail venom * Crotoxin, toxic compound in snake venom * Cyclophosphamide, an anticancer drug Technology * Centrex, a telephone service * Citrix Systems, company best known for desktop virtualization software * CTX (camera), on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter * CTX (computer virus) * CTX (explosive-detection device) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD83
CD83 (Cluster of Differentiation 83) is a human protein encoded by the gene. Structure The membrane-bound form of CD83 consists of an extracellular V-type immunoglobulin-like domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic signaling tail. A free soluble form consists of the immunoglobulin-like domain alone. Membrane-bound CD83 is expected to form trimers. Soluble CD83 is able to assemble into dodecameric complexes. Gene The CD83 gene is located on human chromosome 6p23 and mouse chromosome 13. In humans, a promoter 261 bp upstream consists of five NF-κB and three interferon regulatory factor binding sites, reflecting the involvement of CD83 in inflammation, as well as binding sites for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The latter also occur in an enhancer sequence located 185 bp downstream, inside the second intron, and may suggest negative regulation of transcription by microbial metabolites produced in the gut. Function The transmembrane domain of membrane-bound CD83 s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
