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Idiopsar Bracyurus
''Idiopsar'' is a genus of Neotropical seed-eating birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. Taxonomy and species list The genus ''Idiopsar'' was introduced in 1867 by the American ornithologist John Cassin to accommodate the newly described boulder finch. The name combines the Ancient Greek ''idios'' meaning "distinct" or "peculiar" with ''psar'' meaning "starling". This genus formerly contained a single species, the boulder finch. A molecular phylogenetic study of the tanager family (Thraupidae) published in 2014 found that the boulder finch was a member of a clade that contained three species assigned to other genera. In the ensuing reorganization of generic boundaries, these three species were assigned to ''Idiopsar''. The same genetic study found that ''Idiopsar'' is sister to the tit-like dacnis in the monospecific genus ''Xenodacnis''. The genus contains four species. * Red-backed sierra finch, ''Idiopsar dorsalis'' (formerly assigned to ''Phrygilus''; alternatively p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red-backed Sierra Finch
The red-backed sierra finch (''Idiopsar dorsalis'') is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in the Southern Andean Yungas of Bolivia and northern Chile and Argentina, where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur natur .... References red-backed sierra finch Birds of the Southern Andean Yungas red-backed sierra finch Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN {{Thraupidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Taxon
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boulder Finch
The boulder finch or short-tailed finch (''Idiopsar brachyurus'') is a species of bird previously placed in the family Emberizidae, but it appears to be related to the sierra finches ''Phrygilus'' of the tanager family Thraupidae and is now placed there. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur natur .... References boulder finch Birds of the Bolivian Andes boulder finch Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Tanagers {{Thraupidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diuca
The diuca finch (''Diuca diuca'') is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus ''Diuca''. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, and heavily degraded former forest. Taxonomy The diuca finch was formally described in 1782 by the Chilean naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina under the binomial name ''Fringilla diuca''. The specific epithet is from the Araucano names ''Diuca'' or ''Siuca'' for this species. With the transfer of the glacier finch (formerly white-winged diuca finch) to ''Idiopsar'' or ''Chionodacryon'', the diuca finch is now the only member of the genus ''Diuca'', which was introduced in 1850 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach. For the publication date see: Four subspecies are recognised: * ''D. d. crassirostris'' Hellmayr, 1932 – north-central Chile, south Bolivia and north Arge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glacier Finch
The glacier finch (''Idiopsar speculifer''), also known as the white-winged diuca finch and glacier bird, is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is found in Peru, Bolivia and far northern Chile and Argentina. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, where it favours wet boggy ground. It is one of the few birds that have been recorded as nesting in high altitude glaciers, hence its alternative name "the glacier bird". The nest is a bulky structure in the form of a cup, made of grass, twigs and feathers: it can weigh up to half a pound, and may be laid directly on the ice. Two eggs are laid in April or May; the young leave the nest in June or July. References External links Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the white-winged diuca finch MSN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-throated Sierra Finch
The white-throated sierra finch (''Idiopsar erythronotus'') is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Bolivia, Chile, and Peru where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur natur .... References white-throated sierra finch Birds of the Puna grassland white-throated sierra finch white-throated sierra finch Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN {{Thraupidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrygilus
''Phrygilus'' is a genus of mainly Andean seed-eating tanagers commonly known as sierra finches. Phrygilos means finch in Ancient Greek. Traditionally classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent studies have shown them to belong in the Thraupidae. Taxonomy and species list The genus ''Phrygilus'' was introduced in 1844 by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis with the grey-hooded sierra finch as the type species. The name is from the Ancient Greek ''phrugilos'', an unidentified bird mentioned by Aristophanes. The genus formerly included additional species. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus was highly polyphyletic and in the resulting reorganization members of the genus were moved to ''Geospizopsis'', ''Rhopospina'', ''Porphyrospiza'' and ''Idiopsar''. The genus now contains four species. References Phrygilus, Bird genera {{Thraupidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monospecific
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, ''Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda.'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tit-like Dacnis
The tit-like dacnis (''Xenodacnis parina'') is a small neotropical passerine bird found in southern Ecuador and Peru. In Spanish, it is known as ''Azulito Altoandino''. It is found in Andean montane scrub forests from 3000 m to 4600 m elevation. Adults reach 12.5 cm in length. Males are solid deep blue with dark eyes, bill, and feet. Females of all subspecies are duller, with rufous-brown underparts. Taxonomy The tit-like dacnis was formally described in 1873 by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis from a specimen collected in the Andes of central Peru. Cabanis introduced the genus ''Xenodacnis'' and coined the binomial name ''Xenodacnis parina''. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek ''xenos '' meaning "different" or "unusual" with the genus name ''Dacnis''. The specific epithet ''parina'' is from Modern Latin and means "tit like". The tit-like dacnis is sister to a clade containing the four species now placed in the genus ''Idiopsar''. Three subspecies are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Cassin
John Cassin (September 6, 1813 – January 10, 1869) was an American ornithologist from Pennsylvania. He worked as curator and Vice President at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences and focused on the systemic classification of the Academy's extensive collection of birds. He was one of the founders of the Delaware County Institute of Science and published several books describing 194 new species of birds. Five species of North American birds, a cicada and a mineral are named in his honor. Early life and education Cassin was born in Upper Providence Township, Pennsylvania on September 6, 1813. He was educated at the Westtown School in Westtown, Pennsylvania. His great Uncle, John Cassin, was a commodore in the U.S. Navy and served in the War of 1812. He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was held prisoner in the infamous Confederate Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia. Career Cassin moved to Philadelphia in 1834 and became the head of a lith ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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