monospecific

In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa.

Examples

Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are:

Plants

* In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, ''Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda.''
* The flowering plant ''Breonadia salicina'' is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Breonadia''.
* The family Cephalotaceae includes only one genus, ''Cephalotus'', and only one species, ''Cephalotus follicularis'' – the Albany pitcher plant.
* The division Ginkgophyta is monotypic, containing the single class Ginkgoopsida. This class is also monotypic, containing the single order Ginkgoales.
* Flowering plant ''Nandina domestica'' is the only species in the genus ''Nandina''.
* It is today generally accepted that cannabis (''Cannabis sativa'') is a monospecific genus.

Animals

*The madrone butterfly is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Eucheira''. However, there are two subspecies of this butterfly, ''E. socialis socialis'' and ''E. socialis westwoodi'', which means the species ''E. socialis'' is not monotypic.
* ''Delphinapterus leucas'' or the beluga whale is the only member of its genus and lacks subspecies.
*''Dugong dugong''is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Dugong''.
* ''Homo sapiens'' (humans) are monotypic, as they have too little genetic diversity to harbor any living subspecies.
*The narwhal is a medium sized cetacean that is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Monodon''.
*The platypus is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Ornithorhynchus''.
* ''Ozichthys albimaculosus'', the cream-spotted cardinalfish, found in tropical Australia and southern New Guinea, is the type species of the monotypic genus ''Ozichthys''.
* The bearded reedling is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Panurus'', which is the only genus in the monotypic family Panuridae.

File:Amborella trichopoda.jpg, In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, ''Amborella '', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda''.
File:Beluga Whale Kissing its trainer.jpg, Beluga “kissing” a human trainer; both are monotypical in their genera.
File:Cephalotus follicularis Hennern 3 (cropped).jpg, The family Cephalotaceae has only one genus, ''Cephalotus'', which contains only one species, ''Cephalotus follicularis'', the Australian pitcher plant.

See also

* Glossary of scientific naming
* Monophyly

References

External links

*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monotypic Taxon

Conservation biology
Speciation