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Ibn Selim El-Aswani
Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Ahmad ibn Salim (or ibn Sulaym) al-Aswani ( ar, أبو محمد عبد الله ابن احمد ابن سليم الأسواني, ʿAbū Muḥammad Abd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Salīm/Sulaym al-Aswānī) was a tenth-century Egyptian diplomat and Shia Muslim '' dāʿī'' (missionary) in the service of the Fatimids. Following the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, he was dispatched to Nubia by the Fatimid governor Jawhar al-Siqilli in 975 AD (365 AH) or perhaps a little earlier. He left a written record of his mission, the ''Kitāb Akhbār al-Nūba waʾl-Muḳurra wa ʿAlwa waʾl-Buja waʾl-Nīl'' ("Book of Reports on Nubia, Makuria, Alodia, the Beja and the Nile"). This is the only surviving eyewitness description of medieval Nubia other than the very brief account in Ibn Ḥawqal. Jawhar, who had led the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, was apparently under the impression that the Nubians, who had previously resisted Islamization, might be persuaded to conv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptians
Egyptians ( arz, المَصرِيُون, translit=al-Maṣriyyūn, ; arz, المَصرِيِين, translit=al-Maṣriyyīn, ; cop, ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, remenkhēmi) are an ethnic group native to the Nile, Nile Valley in Egypt. Egyptian identity is closely tied to Geography of Egypt, geography. The population is concentrated in the Nile Valley, a small strip of cultivable land stretching from the Cataracts of the Nile, First Cataract to the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean and enclosed by desert both to the Eastern Desert, east and to the Western Desert (North Africa), west. This unique geography has been the basis of the DNA history of Egypt, development of Egyptian society since Ancient Egypt, antiquity. The daily language of the Egyptians is a continuum of the local variety of Arabic, varieties of Arabic; the most famous dialect is known as Egyptian Arabic or ''Masri''. Additionally, a sizable minority of Egyptians living in Upper Egypt speak Sa'idi Arabic, a mix bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nisba (onomastics)
In Arabic names, a ' ( ar, نسبة ', "attribution"), also rendered as ' or ', is an adjective indicating the person's place of origin, tribal affiliation, or ancestry, used at the end of the name and occasionally ending in the suffix ''-iyy(ah)''. , originally an Arabic word, has been passed to many other languages such as Turkish, Persian, Bengali and Urdu. In Persian, Turkish, and Urdu usage, it is always pronounced and written as '. In Arabic usage, that pronunciation occurs when the word is uttered in its construct state only. The practice has been adopted in Iranian names and South Asian Muslim names. The can at times become a surname. Original use A "relation" is a grammatical term referring to the suffixation of masculine -''iyy'', feminine ''-iyyah'' to a word to make it an adjective. As an example, the word ''‘Arabiyy'' () means "Arab, related to Arabic, Arabian". forms are very common in Arabic names. Use in onomastics Traditional Arabic names do not incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aziz Suryal Atiya
Aziz Suryal Atiya ( ar, عزيز سوريال عطية, ; July 5, 1898 – September 24, 1988) was an Egyptian Coptologist who was a Coptic historian and scholar and an expert in Islamic and Crusades studies. Atiya was the founder of the Institute of Coptic Studies in Cairo in 1950s, and was also the founder of the Middle East Center, University of Utah. His library, The Aziz Atiya Library for Middle East Studies at University of Utah, is considered the fifth largest such collection in North America and is recognized internationally as a major research library in this field. While at the University of Utah, Professor Atiya rediscovered ten lost papyri fragments related to the Mormon scripture, Book of Abraham, in the archives of the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. Work Atiya published a large study entitled ''The Crusades in the Later Middle Ages'' in 1938, and was also the first author of ''The Coptic Encyclopedia'', published in 1991. The chapters on the Copts in h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coptic Encyclopedia
The ''Coptic Encyclopedia'' is an eight-volume work covering the history, theology, language, art, architecture, archeology and hagiography of Coptic Egypt. The encyclopedia was written by over 250 Western and Egyptian contributing experts in the field of Coptology, history, art and theology and was edited by Aziz Suryal Atiya. It was funded by Coptic Pope Shenouda III, the Rockefeller Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and others. Characteristics The ''Coptic Encyclopedia'' is the first Encyclopedia to focus on one of the Oriental Churches Cornelis Hulsman in ''Coptic Church Review'', Vol. 13, no. 3, Fall 1992 and since its publication in 1991 it has been used by many scholars and students in the West. The ''Encyclopedia'' is the fruit of the Coptic emigrant community in the West and the crown of the work of Aziz Suryal Atiya, who did not live to see his work carried into print. Atiya developed the vision to publish an encyclopedia during the years he tau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudan (region)
Sudan is the geographical region to the south of the Sahara, stretching from Western Africa to Central and Eastern Africa. The name derives from the Arabic ' (), or "the lands of the Blacks", referring to West Africa and northern Central Africa. Historically, the name was understood to denote the western part of the Sahel region. It thus roughly encompassed the geographical belt between the Sahara and the coastal West Africa. In modern usage, the term "Sudan" is also used in a separate context to refer specifically to the geographic region comprising the present-day countries of the Sudan, including its western region which forms a part of the country, and South Sudan, which gained its independence in 2011. In order to avoid confusion, the term "the Sudans" has become the preferred option when describing this region. Geography Sudan is marked by hay, forest cliffs and gallery forests along the rivers. Drought and livestock grazing threaten the area with desertification. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Makarim
Abu l-Makārim Saʿdullāh ibn Jirjis ibn Masʿūd ( ar, ابو المكارم سعد الله بن جرجس بن مسعود) (d.1208) was a priest of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria in the thirteenth century. Abu al-Makarim is best known as the author of a famous work entitled ''History of Churches and Monasteries'' ( ar, تاريخ ألكنائس وألأديرة). This was written around 1200. Abu al-Makarim's work is one of the most important sources on the Coptic Church's life during his period and is frequently referenced by scholars of Coptic history. The work first became known in the West when a portion of a manuscript of it was purchased in 1674 in Ottoman Egypt for three piastres by Johann Michael Vansleb Johann Michael Vansleb (1 November 1635 – 1679) was a German theologian, linguist and Egypt traveller. He converted to Catholicism and was a member of the Dominican Order from 1666. ''(Depending on the language of publication, his name is sp .... The ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Iyas
Muhammad ibn Iyas (b. June 1448; d.1522/4) is one of the most important historians in modern Egyptian history. He was an eyewitness to the Ottoman invasion of Egypt. Of Circassian origin, he was one of the Memluks and was entitled Bada'I al-Zuhur fi Waqa'I al-Duhur. His quotes have been used in many references like his statement about Al-Nasir Muhammad Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun ( ar, الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد بن قلاوون), commonly known as an-Nasir Muhammad ( ar, الناصر محمد), or by his kunya: Abu al-Ma'ali () or as Ibn Qal ...: "His name was mentioned everywhere like no other king's name. All the kings wrote to him, sent gifts to him and feared him. The whole of Egypt was in his grasp." Work Ibn Iyas was the author of a five-volume history of Egypt, totalling over 3,000 pages, entitled "Badāʼi al-zuhūr fī waqāʼi al-zuhūr". *ibn Iyas, 1921, An account of the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in the year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Salam Al-Manufi
Abuʾl-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Salām Shihāb al-Dīn al-Manūfī al-Shāfiʿī (1443–1527) was a writer in Mamluk and later Ottoman Egypt. He was born in Manūf on 11 June 1443 (14 Rabīʿi 847 in the Islamic calendar). He studied at Cairo before returning to Manūf to serve as a '' ḳāḍī'' (judge). He died in 1527 (931).Carl Brockelmann, ''History of the Arabic Written Tradition'', Volume 2 (Brill, 2017), p. 331 and suppl. Al-Manūfī was primarily a writer of local and regional history. Among his works are ''Kitāb al-Fayḍ al-madīd fī akhbār al-Nīl al-sadīd'', a tract on the Nile and its source; ''Kitāb al-Badr al-ṭāliʿ min al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʿ'', an abridged version of Shams al-Dīn al-Sakhāwī's treatise ''The Light that Shines on the People of the Ninth Century''; and ''Kitāb al-Naṣīḥa bi-mā abdathu ʾl-qarīḥa''. He had access to the now lost work of the 10th-century writer Ibn Sulaym al-Aswānī on Nubia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Maqrizi
Al-Maqrīzī or Maḳrīzī (Arabic: ), whose full name was Taqī al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad ibn 'Alī ibn 'Abd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Maqrīzī (Arabic: ) (1364–1442) was a medieval Egyptian Arab historian during the Mamluk era, known for his interest in the Fatimid dynasty and its role in Egyptian history. Life A direct student of Ibn Khaldun, Al-Maqrīzī was born in Cairo and spent most of his life in Egypt. When he presents himself in his books he usually stops at the 10th forefather although he confessed to some of his close friends that he can trace his ancestry to Al-Mu‘izz li-Dīn Allāh – first Fatimid caliph in Egypt and the founder of al-Qahirah – and even to Ali ibn Abi Talib. He was trained in the Hanafite school of law. Later, he switched to the Shafi'ite school and finally to the Zahirite school. Maqrizi studied theology under one of the primary masterminds behind the Zahiri Revolt, and his vocal support and sympathy with that revolt against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soba
Soba ( or , "buckwheat") is a thin Japanese noodle made from buckwheat. The noodles are served either chilled with a dipping sauce, or hot in a noodle soup. The variety ''Nagano soba'' includes wheat flour. In Japan, soba noodles can be found in a variety of settings, from "fast food" places to expensive specialty restaurants. Markets sell dried noodles and '' men-tsuyu'', or instant noodle broth, to make home preparation easy. A wide variety of dishes, both hot for winter and cold for summer, uses these noodles. The amino acid balance of the protein in buckwheat, and therefore in soba, is well matched to the needs of humans and can complement the amino acid deficiencies of other staples such as rice and wheat (see protein combining). The tradition of eating soba arose in the Edo period. History of soba in Japan, development of eateries The tradition of eating soba originates from the Tokugawa period, also called the Edo period, from 1603 to 1868. In the Tokugawa period, eve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baḳt
The Baqt (or Bakt) (بقط)was a 7th-century CE treaty between the Christian state of Makuria and the new Muslim rulers of Egypt. Lasting almost seven hundred years, it is by some measures the longest-lasting treaty in history. The name comes either from the Egyptian's term for barter, or the Greco-Roman term for pact. History Despite its longevity not much is clear about the baqt and almost all the information about it comes from Muslim sources. The Baqt was signed after the 652 conquest of Egypt by troops coming from the Arabian peninsula. That year, the Hejazi general Abdallah ibn Abi Sarh led an army south against the Christian kingdoms of Nubia. Later Islamic historians state that Nubia was not worth conquering and the expedition was simply to subordinate the region to Egypt. Earlier sources give the more likely story that the Arab armies met a rare defeat at the Battle of Dongola and only acceded to the Baqt when they realized that the conquest of the region would be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgios II Of Makuria
Georgios II (before 887–915/920?) was a ruler of the medieval Nubian kingdom of Makuria. He ascended the throne in 887, after the death of his father Georgios I, and ruled until 915 or 920, when he was succeeded by his son Zacharias II. Belonging to the Dynasty of Zacharias, little is known about his rule, although it is recorded that at some point between 910 and 915, his kingdom was involved in a war with the Abbasid Caliphate. Life and reign Georgios II lived during the Makurian golden age between the 9th and 11th centuries, when the kingdom reached the peak of its cultural development. He has previously been assumed to have been identical with Georgios I, but it is now clear that he was a king of his own. Georgios II was probably born after the early 860s. He was the grandson of Zacharias I, who, in 835, had founded a new Makurian dynasty, and the son of Georgios I, who had famously travelled to Baghdad in the same year. He also had a sister whose name has not been res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
