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Ianthodon
''Ianthodon'' is an extinct genus of basal haptodontiform synapsids from the Late Carboniferous about 304 million years ago. The taxon was discovered and named by Kissel & Reisz in 2004.Kissel, R. A. & Reisz, R. R. ''Synapsid fauna of the Upper Pennsylvanian Rock Lake Shale near Garnett, Kansas and the diversity pattern of early amniotes''. In G. Arratia, M. V. H. Wilson & R. Cloutier (eds.). ''Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates''. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 2004. The only species in the taxon, ''Ianthodon schultzei'', was found by separating it from a block that also contained the remains of ''Petrolacosaurus'' and ''Haptodus''. The evolutionary significance of the taxon wasn't realized until a publication in 2015. The fossil of this organism was discovered in Garnett, Kansas. Description ''Ianthodon'' was first named by Kissel & Reisz in 2004, and a more detailed specimen was reevaluated in 2014. This single juvenile skeleton with delicate bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ianthodon Schultzei 35
''Ianthodon'' is an extinct genus of basal haptodontiform synapsids from the Late Carboniferous about 304 million years ago. The taxon was discovered and named by Kissel & Reisz in 2004.Kissel, R. A. & Reisz, R. R. ''Synapsid fauna of the Upper Pennsylvanian Rock Lake Shale near Garnett, Kansas and the diversity pattern of early amniotes''. In G. Arratia, M. V. H. Wilson & R. Cloutier (eds.). ''Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates''. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 2004. The only species in the taxon, ''Ianthodon schultzei'', was found by separating it from a block that also contained the remains of ''Petrolacosaurus'' and ''Haptodus''. The evolutionary significance of the taxon wasn't realized until a publication in 2015. The fossil of this organism was discovered in Garnett, Kansas. Description ''Ianthodon'' was first named by Kissel & Reisz in 2004, and a more detailed specimen was reevaluated in 2014. This single juvenile skeleton with delicate bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Pelycosaurs
This list of pelycosaurs is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the synapsida excluding therapsida and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful ('' nomina dubia''), or were not formally published (''nomina nuda''), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered pelycosaurs. The list currently contains 83 generic names. Naming conventions and terminology Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include: * Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior syn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimetrodon
''Dimetrodon'' ( or ,) meaning "two measures of teeth,” is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid that lived during the Cisuralian (Early Permian), around 295–272 million years ago (Mya). It is a member of the family Sphenacodontidae. The most prominent feature of ''Dimetrodon'' is the large neural spine sail on its back formed by elongated spines extending from the vertebrae. It walked on four legs and had a tall, curved skull with large teeth of different sizes set along the jaws. Most fossils have been found in the Southwestern United States, the majority coming from a geological deposit called the Red Beds of Texas and Oklahoma. More recently, its fossils have been found in Germany. Over a dozen species have been named since the genus was first erected in 1878. ''Dimetrodon'' is often mistaken for a dinosaur or as a contemporary of dinosaurs in popular culture, but it became extinct some 40 million years before the first appearance of dinosaurs. Reptile-li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edaphosauridae
Edaphosauridae is a family of mostly large (up to 3 meters or more) Late Carboniferous to Early Permian synapsids. Edaphosaur fossils are so far known only from North America and Europe. Characteristics They were the earliest known herbivorous amniotes and, along with the Diadectidae, the earliest known herbivorous tetrapods. The head is small in relation to the bulky body, and there is a tall sail along the back, which may have functioned as a thermoregulatory device. Classification The interrelationships of Edaphosauridae was investigated in details by David M. Mazierski and Robert R. Reisz (2010). The cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to d ... below is modified after their phylogenetic analysis. Below is a cladogram modified from the analysis of Benson (in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantelosaurus Saxonicus
''Pantelosaurus'' (meaning "complete lizard") is an extinct genus of basal sphenacodonts known from the Early Permian period (Asselian stage) of Saxony, Germany. It contains a single species, ''Pantelosaurus saxonicus''. Discovery ''Pantelosaurus'' is known from about 6 individuals including skulls and partial postcranial skeletons. All specimens were collected at Königin-Carola-Schacht locality, in Dresden, from the uppermost part of the Döhlen Formation, lower Rotliegend Group (Döhlen Basin), dating to the Asselian stage of the Cisuralian series, about 299–296.4 million years old. Classification ''Pantelosaurus'' was first described by von Huene (1925) as a pelycosaur. In 1940, Alfred Sherwood Romer and Llewellyn Price revised the taxonomy of pelycosaurs and synonymized ''Pantelosaurus'' with ''Haptodus'', creating the new combination ''Haptodus saxonicus''. After describing a new species of ''Haptodus'' in 1977, Currie (1979) synonymized all European haptodontine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cutleria Wilmarthi
''Cutleria'' is an extinct genus of basal sphenacodontids or derived stem- sphenacodontoid known from the Early Permian period (Sakmarian stage) of the Colorado, United States. It contains a single species, ''Cutleria wilmarthi''. Discovery ''Cutleria'' is known only from the holotype specimen USNM 22099, a fractured but three-dimensionally preserved, a nearly complete skull and articulated partial postcranial skeleton (including vertebral column, ribs and several girdle and limb elements). It was collected at locality 3, near Placerville of San Miguel County, Colorado, from the Cutler Formation, dating to the Sakmarian stage of the Cisuralian series. MCZ 2987, a tip of the rostrum and some teeth collected 2.5 km from the type locality (from localities 11-13), was originally referred to ''C. wilmarthi'' by Lewis and Vaughn (1965). A redescription of sphenacodonts by Michel Laurin (1993 and 1994), revealed that it can't be assigned to any named sphenacodon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphenacomorpha
Eupelycosauria is a large clade of animals characterized by the unique shape of their skull, encompassing all mammals and their closest extinct relatives. They first appeared 308million years ago during the Early Pennsylvanian epoch, with the fossils of ''Echinerpeton'' and perhaps an even earlier genus, '' Protoclepsydrops'', representing just one of the many stages in the evolution of mammals,Kemp. T.S., 1982, ''Mammal-like Reptiles and the Origin of Mammals''. Academic Press, New York in contrast to their earlier amniote ancestors. Eupelycosaurs are synapsids, animals whose skull has a single opening behind the eye. They are distinguished from the Caseasaurian synapsids by having a long, narrow supratemporal bone (instead of one that is as wide as it is long) and a frontal bone with a wider connection to the upper margin of the orbit. Laurin, M. and Reisz, R. R., 1997Autapomorphies of the main clades of synapsids- Tree of Life Web Project The only living descendants of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophiacodontidae
Ophiacodontidae is an extinct family of early eupelycosaurs from the Carboniferous and Permian. ''Archaeothyris'', and '' Clepsydrops'' were among the earliest ophiacodontids, appearing in the Late Carboniferous. Ophiacodontids are among the most basal synapsids, an offshoot of the lineage which includes therapsids and their descendants, the mammals. The group became extinct by the Middle Permian, replaced by anomodonts, theriodonts, and the diapsid reptiles. Characteristics The lifestyle of ophiacodonts has long been controversial. Some studies suggested that they were semi-aquatic, and some even suggested a fairly aquatic lifestyle, but a recent study based on a quantitative inference model suggested that both '' Clepsydrops'' and ''Ophiacodon'' were terrestrial. Vertebral morphometric data also support, though ambiguously, a rather terrestrial lifestyle for ''Ophiacodon'', which could reach a length of . ''Archaeothyris'' may also have been terrestrial, but no detailed st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synapsid
Synapsids + (, 'arch') > () "having a fused arch"; synonymous with ''theropsids'' (Greek, "beast-face") are one of the two major groups of animals that evolved from basal amniotes, the other being the sauropsids, the group that includes reptiles and birds. The group includes mammals and every animal more closely related to mammals than to sauropsids. Unlike other amniotes, synapsids have a single temporal fenestra, an opening low in the skull roof behind each eye orbit, leaving a bony arch beneath each; this accounts for their name. The distinctive temporal fenestra developed about 318 million years ago during the Late Carboniferous period, when synapsids and sauropsids diverged, but was subsequently merged with the orbit in early mammals. Traditionally, non-mammalian synapsids were believed to have evolved from reptiles, and therefore described as mammal-like reptiles in classical systematics, and primitive synapsids were also referred to as pelycosaurs, or pelycosaur-gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haptodontiform
Eupelycosauria is a large clade of animals characterized by the unique shape of their skull, encompassing all mammals and their closest extinct relatives. They first appeared 308million years ago during the Early Pennsylvanian epoch, with the fossils of ''Echinerpeton'' and perhaps an even earlier genus, '' Protoclepsydrops'', representing just one of the many stages in the evolution of mammals,Kemp. T.S., 1982, ''Mammal-like Reptiles and the Origin of Mammals''. Academic Press, New York in contrast to their earlier amniote ancestors. Eupelycosaurs are synapsids, animals whose skull has a single opening behind the eye. They are distinguished from the Caseasaurian synapsids by having a long, narrow supratemporal bone (instead of one that is as wide as it is long) and a frontal bone with a wider connection to the upper margin of the orbit. Laurin, M. and Reisz, R. R., 1997Autapomorphies of the main clades of synapsids- Tree of Life Web Project The only living descendants of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biarmosuchus Tener
''Biarmosuchus'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids that lived around 267 mya during the Middle Permian period. ''Biarmosuchus'' was discovered in the Perm region of Russia. The first specimen was found in channel sandstone that was deposited by flood waters originating from the young Ural Mountains. Description ''Biarmosuchus'' was a medium-sized predator, similar in size to a large dog, grew up to 1.5–2 m in length with a skull length 15 cm (immature) to 21 cm. It was a lightly built, probably agile animal that would have fed on smaller tetrapods. Their legs are quite long, and the animals were probably quite agile in spite of their size. A large opening for the eye and a small temple opening common in primitive stem-mammals, this lends to a weak bite but how it ate is pure speculation. The teeth contained eight small incisors on the palate, followed by a canine tooth and a further five canine teeth. So together the species contained fourteen upper t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
