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IBM Flexview
ThinkPad is a line of business-oriented laptop and tablet computers produced since 1992. It was originally designed, created and manufactured by the American International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation. IBM sold its PC business to the Chinese company Lenovo in 2005 and since 2007 all ThinkPad models have been manufactured by them. The ThinkPad line was first developed at the IBM Yamato Facility in Japan; they have a distinct black, boxy design, which originated in 1990 and is still used in some models. Most models also feature a red-colored trackpoint on the keyboard, which has become an iconic and distinctive design characteristic associated with the ThinkPad line. It has seen significant success in the business market while certain models target students and the education market. ThinkPad laptops have been used in outer space and for many years were the only laptops certified for use on the International Space Station (ISS). ThinkPads have also for several years been ...
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ThinkPad X1
The ThinkPad X1 series is a line of high-end ThinkPad laptop and tablet computers produced by Lenovo. It is a sub-series of the ThinkPad X series designed to be extra premium with material that make them lighter and portable, having been originally classed as Ultrabooks. While the ThinkPad T series is the flagship ThinkPad line, the ThinkPad X1 series's X1 Carbon specifically has been cited as a flagship model since its introduction in 2012. The current model list contains four product lines: * X1 Carbon – mainstream premium 14-inch model * X1 Yoga/2-in-1 – the convertible 14-inch version * X1 Fold – the first foldable personal computer Former product lines include: * X1 Extreme – 15.6-inch (later 16-inch) advanced ultra-light premium laptop; the same model with a Quadro GPU known as ThinkPad P series, ThinkPad P1 * X1 Titanium Yoga – a convertible 13.5-inch version with titanium body * X1 Nano – a 13.3-inch version – the lightest ThinkPad model Launch The fir ...
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Harvard Business School
Harvard Business School (HBS) is the graduate school, graduate business school of Harvard University, a Private university, private Ivy League research university. Located in Allston, Massachusetts, HBS owns Harvard Business Publishing, which publishes business books, leadership articles, Case method, case studies, and ''Harvard Business Review'', a monthly academic business magazine. It is also home to the Baker Library/Bloomberg Center, the school's primary library. Harvard Business School is one of six List of Ivy League business schools, Ivy League business schools. History The school was established in 1908. Initially established by the humanities faculty, it received independent status in 1910, and became a separate administrative unit in 1913. The first dean was historian Edwin Francis Gay (1867–1946). Yogev (2001) explains the original concept: :This school of business and public administration was originally conceived as a school for diplomacy and government servi ...
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Dynabook Inc
, stylized dynabook, is a Japanese personal computer manufacturer based in Kōtō, Kōtō, Tokyo, owned by Sharp Corporation; it was previously part of, and branded overseas as, Toshiba, until 2018. The Dynabook name had already been used by Toshiba in the Japanese market since 1989 for Laptop Computer, laptop products. Under Toshiba, it notably launched the Toshiba T1100 in 1985, cited as the first ever commercial laptop PC. The company was a major manufacturer of PCs until a decline in fortunes led to Toshiba selling the business to Sharp in 2018, with new products since rebranded to Dynabook worldwide. History Corporate The company's origins date back to the 1950s as a maker of typewriters called Kawasaki Typewriter Co., Ltd., which in 1958 was bought by Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. (later Toshiba Corporation), and the business changed its name to Toshiba Typewriter Co., Ltd. In 1968, the name changed to Toshiba Business Machine Co.Toshiba Corporation established Tos ...
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Toshiba
is a Japanese multinational electronics company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, semiconductors, hard disk drives, printers, batteries, lighting, as well as IT solutions such as quantum cryptography. It was formerly also one of the biggest manufacturers of personal computers, consumer electronics, home appliances, and medical equipment. The Toshiba name is derived from its former name, Tokyo Shibaura Denki K.K. which in turn was a 1939 merger between Shibaura Seisaku-sho (founded in 1875) and Tokyo Denki (founded in 1890). The company name was officially changed to Toshiba Corporation in 1978. A technology company with a long history and sprawling businesses, Toshiba is a household name in Japan and has long been viewed as a symbol of the country's technological prowess post-World War II. As a semiconductor company and the i ...
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PowerBook
The PowerBook (known as Macintosh PowerBook before 1997) is a family of Macintosh-type laptop computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from 1991 to 2006. It was targeted at the professional market; in 1999, the line was supplemented by the home and education-focused iBook family. During its lifetime, the PowerBook went through several major revisions and redesigns, often being the first to incorporate features that would later become standard in competing laptops. The PowerBook was replaced by the MacBook Pro in 2006 as part of the Mac transition to Intel processors. 680x0-based models PowerBook 100 series In October 1991, Apple released the first three PowerBooks: the low-end PowerBook 100, the more powerful PowerBook 140, and the high end PowerBook 170, the only one with an active matrix display. These machines caused a stir in the industry with their compact dark grey cases, built-in trackball, and the innovative positioning of the keyboard tha ...
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Apple Computer
Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley. It is best known for its consumer electronics, software, and services. Founded in 1976 as Apple Computer Company by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, the company was incorporated by Jobs and Wozniak as Apple Computer, Inc. the following year. It was renamed Apple Inc. in 2007 as the company had expanded its focus from computers to consumer electronics. Apple is the largest technology company by revenue, with  billion in the 2024 fiscal year. The company was founded to produce and market Wozniak's Apple I personal computer. Its second computer, the Apple II, became a best seller as one of the first mass-produced microcomputers. Apple introduced the Lisa in 1983 and the Macintosh in 1984, as some of the first computers to use a graphical user interface and a mouse. By 1985, internal company problems led to Jobs leaving to ...
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Compaq LTE
The LTE is a line of Notebook (laptop), notebook-sized laptops manufactured by Compaq, Compaq Computer Corporation, introduced in 1989 and discontinued in 1997. It was the first notebook computer sold by Compaq and the first commercially successful notebook that was IBM PC compatible, compatible with the IBM Personal Computer, IBM PC. Development of the LTE line began in 1986; the company conceived it as their first attempt at a truly lightweight portable computer, aiming to replace their Compaq Portable series, Portable and Compaq SLT, SLT lines. The first two models in the LTE line—the Compaq LTE (1st generation), LTE and Compaq LTE/286, LTE/286—competed with other notebook computers such as NEC's NEC UltraLite, UltraLite and Zenith Data Systems, Zenith's Zenith MinisPort, MinisPort. However, whereas the UltraLite and MinisPort failed to gain much uptake due to their novel but nonstandard data storage technologies, the LTE succeeded on account of its use of the conventional f ...
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Compaq
Compaq Computer Corporation was an American information technology, information technology company founded in 1982 that developed, sold, and supported computers and related products and services. Compaq produced some of the first IBM PC compatible computers, being the second company after Columbia Data Products to legally Reverse engineering, reverse engineer the BIOS of the IBM Personal Computer. It rose to become the Market share of personal computer vendors, largest supplier of PC systems during the 1990s. The company was initially based in Harris County, Texas. The company was formed by Rod Canion, Jim Harris (entrepreneur), Jim Harris, and Bill Murto, all of whom were former Texas Instruments senior managers. All three had left by 1991 under a shakeup, which saw Eckhard Pfeiffer appointed president and CEO, serving through the 1990s. Benjamin M. Rosen, Ben Rosen provided the venture capital financing for the fledgling company and served as chairman of the board for 17 years ...
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IBM PS/2 Note
The IBM PS/2 Note and PS/note are a series of notebooks from the PS/2 line by IBM. It was announced in March 1992, half a year prior to the release of the first ThinkPad, the IBM ThinkPad 700. The series was discontinued in 1994. Background After the departure of Bob Lawten from IBM, the team at IBM had little development direction after the IBM PS/2 L40 SX. James Cannavino pushed for the new notebook series, which fell behind schedule. The N45 SL, N51 SX and N51 SLC were announced on the same day as the IBM PS/2 (color laptop) CL57 SX. During this time there was a distinction between notebooks and laptops, where the former are A4 sized and the latter are larger. The notebooks were modeled after the PS/55 Note which was released by IBM in Japan in April 1991. Models PS/55 note Simply branded as PS/55 note, the type 5523-S0x was the first Japanese notebook from the 55-series with a 12Mhz 80386 CPU, 2Mb RAM built in and a 9.5" 16-greyscale VGA LCD (640x480). It was o ...
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Notebook (laptop)
A notebook computer or notebook is, historically, a laptop whose length and width approximate that of letter paper (). The term ''notebook'' was coined to describe slab-like portable computers that had a letter-paper footprint, such as Epson's HX-20 and Tandy's TRS-80 Model 100 of the early 1980s. The popularity of this form factor waned in the middle of the decade, as larger, clamshell-style laptops offered far more capability. In 1988, NEC's UltraLite defined a new category of notebook: it achieved IBM PC compatibility, making it technically as versatile as the largest laptops, while occupying a letter-paper footprint in a clamshell case. A handful of computer manufacturers followed suit with their own notebooks, including Compaq, whose successful LTE achieved full feature parity with laptops and spurred many others to produce their own notebooks. By 1991, the notebook industry was in full swing. Notebooks and laptops occupied distinct market segments into the mid-1 ...
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PC Convertible
The IBM PC Convertible (model 5140) is a laptop computer made by IBM, first sold in April 1986. The Convertible was IBM's first laptop-style computer, following the luggable IBM Portable, and introduced the 3½-inch floppy disk format to the IBM product line. Like modern laptops, it featured power management and the ability to run from batteries. It was replaced in 1991 by the IBM PS/2 L40 SX, and in Japan by the IBM Personal System/55note, the predecessor to the ThinkPad. Predecessors IBM had been working on a laptop for some time before the Convertible. In 1983, work was underway on a laptop similar to the Tandy Model 100, codenamed "Sweetpea", but it was rejected by Don Estridge for not being PC compatible. Another attempt in 1984 produced the "P-14" prototype machine, but it failed to pass IBM's human factors tests, especially after poor public reception of the display in the competing Data General-One. Description The PC Convertible came in three models: PC Convertible ...
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