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Hélène Brion
Hélène Brion (27 January 1882 – 31 August 1962) was a French teacher, feminist, socialist and communist. She was one of the leaders of the French teachers' union. During World War I (1914–18) she was arrested for distributing pacifist propaganda, given a suspended sentence and dismissed from her job as a teacher. She visited Russia soon after the Russian Revolution, and wrote a book on her experiences. It was never published. She devoted much of her effort in later years to preparing a feminist encyclopedia, which was never completed or published. Early years Hélène Brion was born in Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne on 27 January 1882. Her family were teachers. She was orphaned when very young, and spent her childhood in the Ardennes with her grandmother. She studied at the Ecole Primaire Supérieure Sophie Germain in Paris to become a teacher. Unions had been authorized in 1884, but state employees could not belong to them. They could however join friendly societies. Brion was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clermont-Ferrand
Clermont-Ferrand (, ; ; oc, label=Auvergnat (dialect), Auvergnat, Clarmont-Ferrand or Clharmou ; la, Augustonemetum) is a city and Communes of France, commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regions of France, region, with a population of 146,734 (2018). Its metropolitan area (''aire d'attraction'') had 504,157 inhabitants at the 2018 census.Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Clermont-Ferrand (022), Unité urbaine 2020 de Clermont-Ferrand (63701), Commune de Clermont-Ferrand (63113) INSEE It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture (capital) of the Puy-de-Dôme departments of France, department. Olivier Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie Guillot
Marie Guillot (9 September 1880 – 5 March 1934) was a teacher in Saône-et-Loire and a pioneer of trade unionism in primary education. She associated the social emancipation that syndicalism would bring with the empowerment of women. An anarcho-syndicalist, she was a member of the national leadership of the '' Confédération générale du travail unitaire'' (CGTU – General Confederation of Trade Unions) in 1922–1923. She was active in the struggle of the anarchists, who believed in a decentralized or federal organization of workers' syndicates, against the communists who believed in a central organization. Early years Marie Guillot was born in September 1880 at Damerey, in the Bresse region of the department of Saône-et-Loire, where her family was rooted. For the rest of her life Marie Guillot kept strong ties to this area of southern Burgundy. Her father, an agricultural day laborer, died when she was only three years old. To feed Marie and her sister, her mother left ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prison Saint-Lazare
Saint-Lazare Prison was a prison in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, France. History Originally a leprosarium was founded on the road from Paris to Saint-Denis at the boundary of the marshy area of the former River Seine bank in the 12th century. It was ceded on 7 January 1632 to St. Vincent de Paul and the Congregation of the Mission he had founded. At this stage, it became a place of detention for people who had become an embarrassment to their families: an enclosure for " black sheep" who had brought disgrace to their relatives. The prison was situated in the ''enclos Saint-Lazare'', the largest enclosure in Paris until the end of the 18th century, between the Rue de Paradis to its south, the Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis to its east, the Boulevard de la Chapelle to its north and the Rue Sainte-Anne to its west (today the Rue du Faubourg Poissonnière). Its site is now marked by the Church of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul. The building was converted to prison at the time of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Clemenceau
Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (, also , ; 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920. A key figure of the Independent Radicals, he was a strong advocate of separation of church and state, amnesty of the Communards exiled to New Caledonia, as well as opposition to colonisation. Clemenceau, a physician turned journalist, played a central role in the politics of the Third Republic, most notably successfully leading France through the end of the First World War. After about 1,400,000 French soldiers were killed between the German invasion and Armistice, he demanded a total victory over the German Empire. Clemenceau stood for reparations, a transfer of colonies, strict rules to prevent a rearming process, as well as the restitution of Alsace–Lorraine, which had been annexed to Germany in 1871. He achieved these goals through the Treaty of Versailles signed at the Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hélène Brion
Hélène Brion (27 January 1882 – 31 August 1962) was a French teacher, feminist, socialist and communist. She was one of the leaders of the French teachers' union. During World War I (1914–18) she was arrested for distributing pacifist propaganda, given a suspended sentence and dismissed from her job as a teacher. She visited Russia soon after the Russian Revolution, and wrote a book on her experiences. It was never published. She devoted much of her effort in later years to preparing a feminist encyclopedia, which was never completed or published. Early years Hélène Brion was born in Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne on 27 January 1882. Her family were teachers. She was orphaned when very young, and spent her childhood in the Ardennes with her grandmother. She studied at the Ecole Primaire Supérieure Sophie Germain in Paris to become a teacher. Unions had been authorized in 1884, but state employees could not belong to them. They could however join friendly societies. Brion was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louise Saumoneau
Louise Saumoneau (17 December 1875 – 23 February 1950) was a French feminist who later renounced feminism as being irrelevant to the class struggle. She became a union leader and a prominent socialist. During World War I she was active in the internationalist pacifist movement. In a change of stance, after the war she remained with the right of the socialist party after the majority split off to form the French Communist Party. Early years Louise Aimée Saumoneau was born on 17 December 1875 near Poitiers. Her father was a cabinet maker who worked for a large workshop. Her elder sister married a cabinet maker and moved to Paris. In late 1896 Saumoneau, her younger sister and her parents joined her older sister in Paris. She worked as a seamstress doing piecework to help bring some income to the family, which now included her older sister's four children. Pre-war activism Around 1898 Saumoneau took a half day off work to attend a feminist meeting, and was annoyed when much time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léon Bronstein-Trotsky
Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, political theorist and politician. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Trotskyism. Born to a wealthy Jewish family in Yanovka (now Bereslavka, Ukraine), Trotsky embraced Marxism after moving to Mykolaiv in 1896. In 1898, he was arrested for revolutionary activities and subsequently exiled to Siberia. He escaped from Siberia in 1902 and moved to London, where he befriended Vladimir Lenin. In 1903, he sided with Julius Martov's Mensheviks against Lenin's Bolsheviks during the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party's initial organisational split. Trotsky helped organize the failed Russian Revolution of 1905, after which he was again arrested and exiled to Siberia. He once again escap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Pioch
Georges Jules Charles Pioch (9 October 1873 – 27 March 1953) was a French poet, journalist, pacifist and socialist intellectual. He was president of the International League for Peace from 1930 to 1937. Early years Georges Pioch was born in Paris on 9 October 1873. He began writing, and published collections of poetry in the ''Mercure de France''. He contributed to Paul Fort's review ''Vers et prose'', and was associated with Saint-Georges de Bouhélier. His early works such as ''La Légende blasphémée'' (1897), ''Toi'' (1897), ''Le Jour qu'on aime'' (1898) and ''Instants de Ville'' (1898) received good reviews. As a journalist, from 1900 Pioch wrote on literary and dramatic topics for the ''Libertaire''. Pioch was editor of ''Gil Blas'' in 1910, and of ''Hommes du jour'' in 1914. He belonged to a group of intellectuals who were committed to the liberation of Alfred Dreyfus. They defended truth and believed that intellectuals should join with the people. In 1914 he contribute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Souvarine
Boris Souvarine (1 November 1895 – 1 November 1984), also known as Varine, was a French Marxist, communist activist, essayist and journalist. A founding member of the French Communist Party, Souvarine is noted for being the only non-Russian communist to have been a member of the Comintern for three years in succession. 'Historical Note', Preface to Boris Souvarine Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University He famously authored the first biography of , published in 1935 as ''Staline, Aperçu Historique du Bolchévisme'' (''Stalin, Historic Overview of Bolshevism'') and kept close correspondence with |
Nelly Roussel
Nelly Roussel (5 January 1878 – 18 December 1922) was a French free thinker, anarchist, and feminist. As a Neo-Malthusian feminist, she advocated for birth-control in European as well as a number of other pro-women and motherhood positions within Europe's capitalist systems. She was known for her beauty and charm during public speaking, along with her soft yet commanding voice that appealed to many people. Early life and family Roussel was born in France to Louise Nel Roussel and Léon Roussel. Roussel was raised Catholic. Shortly after her father's death in 1894, her mother remarried Antonin Montupet. Roussel also had a sister born in 1880, Andrée Roussel. She was educated at an elementary school, and then continued her education further at home. Advocacy and personal relationships Roussel became the first feminist spokeswoman for birth control in Europe. She was a Neo-Malthusian. Members of the Neo-Malthusian movement, led by Paul Robin, believed that birth control ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Voix Des Femmes (France, 1917)
''La Voix des femmes'' was a "political, social, scientific, artistic" weekly newspaper, founded in 1917 by Colette Reynaud and Louise Bodin, the first issue of which was published on October 31, 1917. The newspaper, which proclaimed itself in 1919 as "feminist, pacifist, socialist and internationalist", appeared until 1937. History In 1917, Colette Reynaud and Louise Bodin founded , a "political, social, scientific and artistic" weekly newspaper, the first issue of which was published on October 31, 1917. Created during the World War I, the newspaper opposed the Sacred Union. Bodin's editorial in the first issue of October 31, 1917, was widely censored. Alice Jouenne contributed to the redesign of ', the first issue of which came out on October 18, 1919. On this date, its publication schedule changed from weekly to bi-weekly. It also proclaimed itself "feminist, pacifist, socialist and internationalist". It contained articles by Marthe Bigot, Bodin, Annette Charreau, Fanny Clar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colette Reynaud
Colette Reynaud (1872–1965) was a French feminist, socialist and pacifist journalist. In 1917, she was the co-founder and director of the weekly newspaper ''La Voix des femmes (France, 1917), La Voix des femmes'' (Women's voice). Career Together with Louise Bodin, Reynaud founded the newspaper ''La Voix des femmes'' on October 31, 1917, to promote Women's suffrage, women's right to vote. Reynaud managed the newspaper while Bodin assumed the role of editor-in-chief, attracting the participation of celebrities such as Caroline Rémy de Guebhard, Séverine, Madeleine Pelletier, Hélène Brion, Henri Barbusse, and Marcel Cachin. The newspaper was launched in the middle of the World War I in a context of repression, symbolized in November 1917 by the arrest of the teacher Hélène Brion, accused of Defeatism, defeatist propaganda. From December 1, 1922, Reynaud attempted to publish the newspaper on a daily basis, with Noëlie Drous as editor-in-chief, but quickly gave up such frequen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
