Hypogymnia
''Hypogymnia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as tube lichens, bone lichens, or pillow lichens. Most species lack rhizines (root-like attachment organs on the lower surface) that are otherwise common in members of the Parmeliaceae, and have swollen lobes that are usually hollow. Other common characteristics are relatively small spores and the presence of physodic acid and related lichen products. The lichens usually grow on the bark and wood of coniferous trees. ''Hypogymnia'' was proposed by lichenologist William Nylander, first as a subgenus of ''Parmelia'' in 1881, and 15 years later as a distinct genus of two species, including the widespread and common type species, '' Hypogymnia physodes''. It has since grown to about 90 recognized species. ''Hypogymnia'' has a centre of biodiversity in China, where many of its species are found. Taxonomy ''Hypogymnia'' was first created as subgenus of ''Parmelia'' by Finnish lichenolo ...
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Hypogymnia Physodes
''Hypogymnia physodes'', commonly known as the monk's-hood lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is a common and widespread species in boreal forest, boreal and temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere. It has a grey to yellowish-green thallus that is loosely attached to its substrate (biology), substrate and forms large irregular patches. Hollow lobes are 2–3mm wide. The outer edge turns up and is frequently covered with white powdery soredia underneath. Its lower surface is black, wrinkled and has some browning toward the lobe margins. The pycnidia are black and abundant, and their presence creates a pepper-like effect across the upper surface. Because of its abundance and its moderate sensitivity to sulphur dioxide and heavy metals, ''Hypogymnia physodes'' is often used in bioindicator and biomonitoring studies that enable the assessment of air pollution and other environmental conditions. References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q881824 Hypogymn ...
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