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Hygiea Family
The Hygiea or Hygiean family is a grouping of dark, carbonaceous C-type and B-type asteroids in outer asteroid belt, the largest member of which is 10 Hygiea. About 1% of all known asteroids in the asteroid belt belong to this family. Characteristics By far the largest member is 10 Hygiea, a 400 km diameter C-type asteroid that is the fourth largest in the belt. The remaining members are much smaller so Hygiea contains about 94–98% of the mass in the family (depending on the exact criteria for inclusion). The two next largest members are 333 Badenia, and 538 Friederike, both just over 70 km in diameter. After that, the remaining members have diameters of less than 30 km. The Hygiea family is thought to have arisen from a catastrophically disruptive impact, after which Hygiea re-accumulated. The two 70-kilometer-diameter bodies, which are much larger than, for example, the Vesta family, which contains no members above around 10 km in diameter, are consiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10 Hygiea
Hygiea (minor-planet designation: 10 Hygiea) is a major asteroid and possible dwarf planet located in the main asteroid belt. With a diameter of and a mass estimated to be 3% of the total mass of the belt, it is the fourth-largest asteroid in the Solar System by both volume and mass. In some spectral classifications it is the largest of the dark C-type asteroids with a carbonaceous surface, whereas in others it is second after 1 Ceres. Observations taken with the Very Large Telescope's SPHERE imager in 2017 and 2018, and announced in late 2019, revealed that Hygiea is nearly spherical and is close to a hydrostatic equilibrium shape. The authors of the study therefore consider it a possible dwarf planet. However, Hygiea is conjectured to have been disrupted by an impact, with the subsequent debris reaccumulating, rather than being massive enough to be plastic. The disruptive impact produced the largest known collisional family. Observation Despite its size, Hygiea appears very ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbon
Carbon () is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an element is the measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Description The combining capacity, or affinity of an ...—its atom making four electrons available to form covalent bond, covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up only about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. Three Isotopes of carbon, isotopes occur naturally, Carbon-12, C and Carbon-13, C being stable, while Carbon-14, C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the Timeline of chemical element discoveries#Ancient discoveries, few elements known since antiquity. Carbon is the 15th Abundance of elements in Earth's crust, most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the Abundance of the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orbital Elements
Orbital elements are the parameters required to uniquely identify a specific orbit. In celestial mechanics these elements are considered in two-body systems using a Kepler orbit. There are many different ways to mathematically describe the same orbit, but certain schemes, each consisting of a set of six parameters, are commonly used in astronomy and orbital mechanics. A real orbit and its elements change over time due to gravitational perturbations by other objects and the effects of general relativity. A Kepler orbit is an idealized, mathematical approximation of the orbit at a particular time. Keplerian elements The traditional orbital elements are the six Keplerian elements, after Johannes Kepler and his laws of planetary motion. When viewed from an inertial frame, two orbiting bodies trace out distinct trajectories. Each of these trajectories has its focus at the common center of mass. When viewed from a non-inertial frame centered on one of the bodies, only the traj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paolo Farinella
Paolo Farinella (13 January 1953 – 25 March 2000) was an Italian scientist very active in the field of planetary science and in particular in the study of asteroids and small bodies of the Solar System. Biography Paolo Farinella was born on 13 January 1953 in Migliarino, close to Ferrara in Italy. He received his degree in 1975 at the University and the " Scuola Normale Superiore" of Pisa. After that he became a graduate student of Giuseppe (Bepi) Colombo and worked as a research astronomer at the Observatory of Brera. From 1982 to 1998, he was a university researcher in Pisa, at the Department of Mathematics and at the Scuola Normale Superiore, teaching Physics and Celestial Mechanics. In the period 1992–1994 he was visiting professor at the Nice Observatory with an ESA "Giuseppe Colombo" fellowship. In summer 1998 he won a national competition for a position of associate professor of astronomy and astrophysics in the Italian university, and starting from late 1998 he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vincenzo Zappalà
Vincenzo Zappalà (born 1945) is an Italian astronomer and discoverer of several main-belt asteroids. He is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovered of 9 minor planets. All of his discoveries he made at ESO's Chilean La Silla Observatory in 1984, with the exception of 17357 Lucataliano, which he discovered at Mount Stromlo Observatory in 1978. He has also been a long-term astronomer at the Observatory of Turin in Pino Torinese. Awards and honors The main-belt asteroid 2813 Zappalà, discovered by American astronomer Edward Bowell at the U.S. Anderson Mesa Station in 1981, is named in his honour. List of discovered minor planets See also * * Zoran Knežević (astronomer) Zoran Knežević ( sr-cyr, Зоран Кнежевић, born 23 August 1949 in Osijek) is a Serbian astronomer, who has been publishing since 1982. His major scientific contributions are in the field of movement of small Solar System bodies, thei ... References Externa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
52 Europa
Europa ( minor planet designation: 52 Europa) is the 6th-largest asteroid in the asteroid belt, having a diameter of over 300 km, though it is not correspondingly massive. It is not round but is shaped like an ellipsoid of approximately 380×330×250 km. It was discovered on 4 February 1858, by Hermann Goldschmidt from his balcony in Paris. It is named after Europa, one of Zeus's conquests in Greek mythology, a name it shares with Jupiter's moon Europa. Physical characteristics left, 3D model of ''Europa'' based on lightcurve modeling Europa is approximately the sixth largest asteroid by volume. Most likely it has a density of around 1.5 g/cm3, typical of C-type asteroids. In 2007, James Baer and Steven R. Chesley estimated Europa to have a mass of kg. A more recent estimate by Baer suggests it has a mass of 3.27 kg. Europa is a very dark carbonaceous C-type, and is the second largest of this group. Spectroscopic studies have found evidence of olivines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1599 Giomus
__NOTOC__ Events January–June * January 8 – The Jesuit educational plan, known as the ''Ratio Studiorum'', is issued. * March 12 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, by Queen Elizabeth I of England. * April 23 – The Earl of Essex arrives in Dublin at the head of 16,000 troops, the largest army ever seen in Ireland. * May 16 – The Kalmar Bloodbath takes place in Kalmar, Sweden. * May 29 – Essex takes Cahir Castle, supposedly the strongest in Ireland, after a short siege. * June 20 – The Synod of Diamper is convened. July–December * July – Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia: A Dutch fleet returns to Amsterdam, carrying 600,000 pounds of pepper and 250,000 pounds of cloves and nutmeg. * July 24 – Swedish King Sigismund III Vasa is dethroned by his uncle Duke Charles, who takes over as regent of the realm until 1604, when he becomes King Charles IX. * August 15 – First Battle of Curlew Pass: Irish forces d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1209 Pumma
1209 Pumma, provisional designation , is a Hygiean asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 April 1927, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the niece of astronomer Albrecht Kahrstedt. Orbit and classification ''Pumma'' is a member of the Hygiea family (), a very large family of carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids, named after the fourth-largest asteroid, 10 Hygiea. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,063 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 7 ° with respect to the ecliptic. No precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made. The body's observation arc begins at Uccle, 8 days after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg. Physical characteristics Lightcurve In April 2012, a rotational lig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1109 Tata
1109 Tata, provisional designation , is a dark Hygiean asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt The asteroid belt is a torus-shaped region in the Solar System, located roughly between the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars. It contains a great many solid, irregularly shaped bodies, of many sizes, but much smaller than planets, called ..., approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 5 February 1929, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany. The Meanings of minor planet names, meaning of the asteroids's name is unknown. Orbit and classification ''Tata'' is a member of the Hygiea family (), a very large Asteroid family, family of carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids. The family's parent body and namesake is the main belt's List of exceptional asteroids#Largest by diameter, fourth-largest asteroid, 10 Hygiea. It orbits the Sun in the Kirkwood gap, outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.9–3.5 Ast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
108 Hecuba
Hecuba (minor planet designation: 108 Hecuba) is a fairly large and bright main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by Karl Theodor Robert Luther on 2 April 1869, and named after Hecuba, wife of King Priam in the legends of the Trojan War in Greek Mythology. This object is orbiting the Sun with a period of 5.83 years and an eccentricity of 0.06. It became the first asteroid discovered to orbit near a 2:1 mean-motion resonance with the planet Jupiter, and is the namesake of the Hecuba group of asteroids. In the Tholen classification system, it is categorized as a stony S-type asteroid, while the Bus asteroid taxonomy system lists it as an Sw asteroid. Observations performed at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado in during 2007 produced a light curve with a period of 17.859 ± 0.005 hours with a brightness variation of 0.11 ± 0.02 in magnitude. Hecuba orbits within the Hygiea family of asteroids but is not otherwise related to other family members because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
100 Hekate
Hekate (minor planet designation: 100 Hekate) is a large main-belt asteroid. About This is a stony S-type asteroid with a diameter of and a sidereal rotation period of . It orbits in the same region of space as the Hygiea asteroid family, though it is actually an unrelated interloper. However, its geometric albedo of is too high, and it is of the wrong spectral class to be part of the dark carbonaceous Hygiea family. It is listed as a member of the Hecuba group of asteroids that orbit near the 2:1 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter. Hekate was the 100th asteroid to be discovered, by Canadian-American astronomer J. C. Watson (his fourth discovery) on July 11, 1868. It is named after Hecate, the goddess of witchcraft in Greek mythology, but its name also commemorates it as the hundredth asteroid, as ἑκατόν (''hekaton'') is Greek for 'hundred'. A Hekatean occultation of a star was observed on July 14, 2003, from New Zealand. See also * List of minor planets: 1–1000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D-type Asteroid
D-type asteroids have a very low albedo and a featureless reddish Asteroid spectral types, spectrum. It has been suggested that they have a composition of organic-rich silicates, carbon and anhydrous silicates, possibly with water ice in their interiors. D-type asteroids are found in the outer asteroid belt and beyond; examples are 152 Atala, and 944 Hidalgo as well as the majority of Jupiter Trojan, Jupiter trojans. It has been suggested that the Tagish Lake (meteorite), Tagish Lake meteorite was a fragment from a D-type asteroid, and that the Martian moon Phobos (moon), Phobos is closely related. The Nice model suggests that D-type asteroids may have originated in the Kuiper belt. 46 D-type asteroids are known, including: 3552 Don Quixote, 944 Hidalgo, 624 Hektor, and 10199 Chariklo. Examples A list of some of the largest D-type asteroids. See also * Asteroid spectral types * Tagish Lake (meteorite) References Asteroid spectral classes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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