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Hunter Ridge
The Hunter Ridge (previously known as Hunter Island Ridge, Matthew Ridge), is an active volcanic arc oceanic ridge located on the oceanic New Hebrides Plate in the south-west Pacific Ocean extending at least . It defines the south-western limit of the North Fiji Basin (NFB) and is an area of unique range in volcanic geochemistry, which transpires to have been due partially to a new, previously unrecognised, subduction zone. Geography The ridge contains Matthew Island and Hunter Island and extends from southern Vanuatu near the Volsmar seamount via the region of Ceva-i-Ra (Conway Reef) towards Fiji. Its length on this definition is about but earlier work included other parts of the Hunter Fracture Zone that are now known to be discontinuous topographically and on such historic definitions the length approached or more. The West Matthew volcano had its the most recent eruption in 1956, still had steam admissions in 1983, having formed a new volcanic cone from below the sea surf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiji
Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about 110 are permanently inhabited—and more than 500 islets, amounting to a total land area of about . The most outlying island group is Ono-i-Lau. About 87% of the total population of live on the two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. About three-quarters of Fijians live on Viti Levu's coasts: either in the capital city of Suva; or in smaller urban centres such as Nadi—where tourism is the major local industry; or in Lautoka, where the Sugarcane, sugar-cane industry is dominant. The interior of Viti Levu is sparsely inhabited because of its terrain. The majority of Fiji's islands were formed by Volcano, volcanic activity starting around 150 million years ago. Some geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basalt
Basalt (; ) is an aphanite, aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the planetary surface, surface of a terrestrial planet, rocky planet or natural satellite, moon. More than 90% of all volcanic rock on Earth is basalt. Rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt is chemically equivalent to slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro. The eruption of basalt lava is observed by geologists at about 20 volcanoes per year. Basalt is also an important rock type on other planetary bodies in the Solar System. For example, the bulk of the plains of volcanism on Venus, Venus, which cover ~80% of the surface, are basaltic; the lunar mare, lunar maria are plains of flood-basaltic lava flows; and basalt is a common rock on the surface of Mars. Molten basalt lava has a low viscosity due to its relatively low silica content (between 45% and 52%), resulting in rapidly moving lava flo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitiaz Trench
Vityaz may refer to: * Bogatyr, a folk or epic hero in Slavic culture Aircraft and spacecraft *Vityaz, the call sign of spacecraft Soyuz TM-14 *Russky Vityaz, an aircraft built by Igor Sikorsky in 1913 Military * , a ''Bogatyr'' class screw corvette *Vityaz (MVD), a Russian Spetsnaz (special forces) unit *Vityaz (ATV), a Russian all-terrain vehicle * S-350 Vityaz, a Russian surface-to-air missile defense system *Vityaz-SN, a Russian 9mm Parabellum submachine-gun Sport *FC Vityaz Podolsk, a football club in Podolsk, Russia *Vityaz Ice Palace, an ice arena in Podolsk, Russia *Vityaz Chekhov, a professional ice hockey team in Chekhov, Moscow Oblast, formerly in Podolsk, Russia Other uses *Vityaz, a historical association in the Soviet Union, precursor of ''Pamyat'' * Machine engineering company 'Vityaz', a tracked amphibious vehicle manufacturer * Vityaz' frostfish, the common name of ''Benthodesmus vityazi'', a species of cutlassfish *, a Soviet research vessel in service 1949- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ontong Java Plateau
The Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) is a massive oceanic plateau located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, north of the Solomon Islands. The OJP was formed around (Ma) with a much smaller volcanic event around 90 Ma. Two other southwestern Pacific plateaus, Manihiki and Hikurangi, now separated from the OJP by Cretaceous oceanic basins, are of similar age and composition and probably formed as a single plateau and a contiguous large igneous province together with the OJP. When eruption of lava had finished, the Ontong Java–Manihiki–Hikurangi plateau covered 1% of Earth's surface and represented a volume of of basaltic magma. This "Ontong Java event", first proposed in 1991, represents the largest volcanic event of the past 200 million years, with a magma eruption rate estimated at up to per year over 3 million years, several times larger than the Deccan Traps. The smooth surface of the OJP is punctuated by seamounts such as the Ontong Java Atoll, one of the largest atolls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conway Reef Plate
The Conway Reef Plate is a small tectonic plate (microplate) located in the south Pacific west of Fiji. The western boundary is with the New Hebrides Plate while the eastern is with the Australian Plate. A short transform boundary also exists with the Balmoral Reef Plate. Much of the plate underlies the south central portion of the North Fiji Basin. Within the North Fiji Basin it lies between the spreading centers of the Central Spreading Ridge on the west and the West Fiji Ridge on the east. The plate is rotating counterclockwise with respect to all of its neighbours. The plate's existence was first modelled in 2003 by Bird. Its boundaries and angular momentum were further defined in 2011 and 2018 with refinement of tectonic plate deformation and strain rate. The region is complex and may well have several other microplates or blocks.. See also *North Fiji Basin The North Fiji Basin (NFB) is an oceanic basin west of Fiji in the south-west Pacific Ocean. It is an activ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Hebrides Trench
The New Hebrides Trench is an oceanic trench which extends to over deep in the Southern Pacific Ocean. It lies to the northeast of New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands, to the southwest of Vanuatu, east of Australia, and south of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The trench was formed as a result of the subduction zone. The Australian Plate is being subducted under the New Hebrides Plate causing volcanism which produced the Vanuatu archipelago. The trench was first explored in 2013 by the University of Aberdeen's Oceanlab team. They found cusk-eels, prawns, and other eels, and crustaceans. This is significantly different from other deep sea trenches that have been studied. Tectonics At the New Hebrides Trench, the Australian plate is being subducted underneath the New Hebrides microplate. The convergence rate ranges from /yr in the south, to /yr in the central section, to /yr in the north. The anomalous lack of convergence in the central section is caused by the subdu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadavu Group
The Kadavu Group is an archipelago south of Viti Levu, one of Fiji's two main islands. Dominated by Kadavu Island, the fourth largest island in Fiji, the group also includes Ono, Dravuni, Galoa and a number of islets in the Great Astrolabe Reef The Great Astrolabe Reef is in Fiji and surrounds the fourth largest island, Kadavu Island, which is approximately 65 km in length. Kadavu Island is approximately 100 km south of Viti Levu, the main island of Fiji. The Great Astrolabe ....Kadavu Group - satellite view Archipelagoes of Fiji Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean {{Fiji-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seismic Zone
In seismology, a seismic zone or seismic belt is an area of seismicity potentially sharing a common cause. It may also be a region on a map for which a common areal rate of seismicity is assumed for the purpose of calculating probabilistic ground motions. An obsolete definition is a region on a map in which a common level of seismic design is required. A type of seismic zone is a Wadati–Benioff zone which corresponds with the down-going slab in a subduction zone. Examples *Charlevoix Seismic Zone (Quebec, Canada) *New Madrid Seismic Zone (Midwestern United States) *South West Seismic Zone (Western Australia) See also *List of fault zones This list covers all Fault (geology), faults and fault-systems that are either geologically important or connected to prominent seismic activity. It is not intended to list every notable fault, but only major fault zones. See also * Lists of ... References {{seismology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Plate
The Australian Plate is a major tectonic plate in the eastern and, largely, southern hemispheres. Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana, Australia remained connected to India and Antarctica until approximately when India broke away and began moving north. Australia and Antarctica began rifting and completely separated roughly . The Australian plate later fused with the adjacent Indian Plate beneath the Indian Ocean to form a single Indo-Australian Plate. However, recent studies suggest that the two plates have once again split apart and have been separate plates for at least 3 million years and likely longer. The Australian Plate includes the continent of Australia, including Tasmania, as well as portions of New Guinea, New Zealand and the Indian Ocean basin. Scope The continental crust of this plate covers the whole of Australia, the Gulf of Carpentaria, southern New Guinea, the Arafura Sea, the Coral Sea. The continental crust also includes northwestern N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puysegur Trench
The deepStern, Robert J. (2004)Subduction initiation: spontaneous and induced Earth and Planetary Science Letters 226, 275–292. . Puysegur Trench is a deep cleft in the floor of the south Tasman Sea formed by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate under the Pacific Plate to the south of New Zealand. Immediately to its east lies a ridge, a northern extension of the Macquarie Ridge, which separates the Puysegur Trench from the Solander Trough. To the west is the expanse of the Tasman Basin, which stretches most of the distance to Australia. To the north of the trench lies the Fiordland Basin, which can be considered an extension of the trench. The Puysegur Trench mirrors the Kermadec Trench and Tonga Trench north of New Zealand. The Puysegur Trench stretches for over 800 kilometres south from the southwesternmost point of the South Island's coast, its southernmost extent being 400 kilometres due west of the Auckland Islands. It is named after Puysegur Point. Earthqua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solander Islands
The Solander Islands / Hautere are three uninhabited volcanic islets toward the western end of the Foveaux Strait just beyond New Zealand's South Island. The Māori name ''Hautere'' translates into English as "flying wind". The islands lie south of Prices Point, near where Lake Hakapoua drains through Big River to the ocean due west of Te Waewae Bay, and northwest of the Putatara (Rugged) Point in the northwest of Stewart Island / Rakiura, or from Codfish Island / Whenua Hou. The islands measure . Administratively, the islands form part of Southland District, making them the only uninhabited outlying island group of New Zealand to be part of a local authority. The islands are the tip of a larger submerged volcano, roughly equivalent in size to Mount Taranaki. It was formerly believed that the volcano last erupted roughly 2 million years ago, but in 2010 radiometric dating of rock samples from the island found that it was between 150,000 and 400,000 years old. Islands Sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
